正弦及谐波激励下的铁心损耗计算方法改进及仿真应用
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摘要
电力电子设备的大量使用导致铁心绕组的激励谐波含量增加,给铁心损耗的计算带来了一定困难。为了准确计算铁心损耗,首先对比分析了三种铁心损耗计算模型,并基于Bertotti损耗模型,引入磁滞损耗变量中磁感应强度的高次项,提高了磁滞损耗的拟合精度;其次,利用单片测试仪对硅钢片在正弦及谐波激励下的损耗特性进行测量,并分析了三种损耗模型拟合精度;最后,考虑到实际变压器叠片铁心与硅钢片磁特性的不同,搭建了一台产品级叠片铁心模型,测量其在正弦及谐波激励下的损耗,并采用磁场有限元软件MagNet进行仿真,基于仿真模型中各单元的场量,采用改进后的Bertotti损耗模型计算铁心损耗。对比结果表明,改进后的Bertotti损耗模型计算结果较其他方法更为准确。
The wide application of power electronic equipment leads to an increase of excitation harmonics in the windings with iron core, which makes it difficult to get accurate core loss. In order to calculate the core loss with better accuracy, three core loss calculation models are analyzed and compared in this paper firstly. Based on the Bertotti loss model, the high-order terms of the magnetic induction intensity in the hysteresis loss variable are introduced to improve the fitting accuracy. The loss characteristics of silicon steel sheet under sinusoidal and harmonic excitations were measured by a single sheet tester. The fitting precisions of three loss models were analyzed and the errors were calculated. Finally, considering the difference in the magnetic characteristics of the actual transformer's laminated core and silicon steel sheets, a product-level laminated core model was built in this paper, and its loss under sinusoidal and harmonic excitations was measured. The magnetic field finite element software MagNet was applied to simulate the flux density distribution, and then the field quantity of each unit in the simulation model was extracted and the core loss was calculated by the improved Bertotti loss model. The results show that the improved Bertotti loss model is of better accuracy than other methods.
The wide application of power electronic equipment leads to an increase of excitation harmonics in the windings with iron core, which makes it difficult to get accurate core loss. In order to calculate the core loss with better accuracy, three core loss calculation models are analyzed and compared in this paper firstly. Based on the Bertotti loss model, the high-order terms of the magnetic induction intensity in the hysteresis loss variable are introduced to improve the fitting accuracy. The loss characteristics of silicon steel sheet under sinusoidal and harmonic excitations were measured by a single sheet tester. The fitting precisions of three loss models were analyzed and the errors were calculated. Finally, considering the difference in the magnetic characteristics of the actual transformer's laminated core and silicon steel sheets, a product-level laminated core model was built in this paper, and its loss under sinusoidal and harmonic excitations was measured. The magnetic field finite element software MagNet was applied to simulate the flux density distribution, and then the field quantity of each unit in the simulation model was extracted and the core loss was calculated by the improved Bertotti loss model. The results show that the improved Bertotti loss model is of better accuracy than other methods.
引文
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[19]赵志刚,刘福贵,程志光,等.直流偏磁条件下叠片铁心的磁性能模拟[J].电工技术学报,2010,25(9):14-19.Zhao Zhigang,Liu Fugui,Cheng Zhiguang,et al.Magnetic property modeling of laminated core under DC-biased condition[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2010,25(9):14-19.
[20]刘刚,靳艳娇,马永强,等.基于非平均热源的油浸式变压器2维温度场分析[J].高电压技术,2017,43(10):3361-3370.Liu Gang,Jin Yanjiao,Ma Yongqiang,et al.Twodimensional temperature field analysis of the oilimmersed transformer based on the non-uniformly heat source[J].High Voltage Engineering,2017,43(10):3361-3370.
[21]刘刚,张瀚方,池骋,等.二维电磁场-流体-温度场耦合仿真节点数据映射算法研究[J].电工技术学报,2018,33(1):148-157.Liu Gang,Zhang Hanfang,Chi Cheng,et al.Research on node data mapping algorithm for the 2D coupling electromagnetic-fluid-thermal fields[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2018,33(1):148-157.
[22]刘洋,杨富尧,范亚娜,等.畸变磁通作用下变压器铁心模型损耗的实验研究与模拟分析[J].电工电能新技术,2017,36(3):65-69.Liu Yang,Yang Fuyao,Fan Yana,et al.Experimental study and modeling analysis of iron loss in transformer core model under distorted flux density[J].Advanced Technology of Electrical Engineering&Energy,2017,36(3):65-69.
[2]GB/T 1094.7-2008电力变压器第七部分:油浸式电力变压器负载导则[S].2008.
[3]孔庆奕,程志光,李悦宁.取向硅钢片在不同环境温度下的磁特性[J].高电压技术,2014,40(9):2743-2749.Kong Qingyi,Cheng Zhiguang,Li Yuening.Magnetic properties of oriented silicon steel sheet under different ambient temperatures[J].High Voltage Engineering,2014,40(9):2743-2749.
[4]朱龙飞,朱建国,佟文明,等.PWM逆变器供电引起的轴向磁通非晶电机谐波损耗的解析计算[J].电工技术学报,2017,32(16):115-123.Zhu Longfei,Zhu Jianguo,Tong Wenming,et al.Analytical calculation of harmonic losses of an axial flux amorphous motor caused by PWM inverter supplying[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2017,32(16):115-123.
[5]Gorbet R B,Wang D W L,Morris K A.Preisach model identification of a two-wire SMA actuator[C]//Proceedings of IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation,1998,3:2161-2167.
[6]王洋,刘志珍.基于蛙跳模糊算法的Jiles Atherton铁心磁滞模型参数确定[J].电工技术学报,2017,32(4):154-161.Wang Yang,Liu Zhizhen.Determination of Jiles Atherton core hysteresis model parameters based on fuzzy-shuffled frog leaping algorithm[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2017,32(4):154-161.
[7]李长云,刘亚魁.直流偏磁条件下变压器铁心磁化特性的Jiles-Atherton修正模型[J].电工技术学报,2017,32(19):193-201.Li Changyun,Liu Yakui.Modified Jiles-Atherton model of transformer iron core magnetization characteristics with DC bias[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2017,32(19):193-201.
[8]Krings A,Soulard J.Overview and comparison of iron loss models for electrical machines[J].Electrical Energy Conversion,2010:162-169.
[9]Steinmetz C P.On the law of hysteresis[J].Proceedings of the IEEE,1984,72(2):197-221.
[10]Bertotti G.Physical interpretation of eddy current losses in ferromagnetic materials,I.theoretical considerations[J].Journal of Applied Physics,1985,57(6):2110-2117.
[11]Bertotti G.Physical interpretation of eddy current losses in ferromagnetic materials,II.analysis of experimental results[J].Journal of Applied Physics,1985,57(6):2118-2126.
[12]张冬冬,赵海森,王义龙,等.用于电机损耗精细化分析的分段变系数铁耗计算模型[J].电工技术学报,2016,31(15):16-24.Zhang Dongdong,Zhao Haisen,Wang Yilong,et al.Apiecewise variable coefficient model for precise analysis on iron losses of electrical machines[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2016,31(15):16-24.
[13]Popescu M,Dan M I.A best-fit model of power losses in cold rolled-motor lamination steel operating in a wide range of frequency and magnetization[J].IEEETransactions on Magnetics,2007,43(4):1753-1756.
[14]Barbisio E,Fiorillo F,Ragusa C.Predicting loss in magnetic steels under arbitrary induction waveform and with minor hysteresis loops[J].IEEE Transactions on Magnetics,2004,40(4):1810-1819.
[15]Barrière O D L,Ragusa C,Appino C,et al.Prediction of energy losses in soft magnetic materials under arbitrary induction waveforms and DC bias[J].IEEETransactions on Industrial Electronics,2017,64(3):2522-2529.
[16]Zhou Yan,Chen Qimi,Zhang Junbo.Predicting core losses under the DC bias based on the separation model[J].IEEE Journal of Emerging&Selected Topics in Power Electronics,2017,5(2):833-840.
[17]IEC/TR 62383-2006determination of magnetic loss under magnetic polarization waveforms including higher harmonic components,measurement,modelling and calculation methods[S].2006.
[18]刘涛,刘兰荣,张俊杰,等.不同环境温度对取向硅钢磁性能影响实验研究[J].黑龙江电力,2017(6):501-505.Liu Tao,Liu Lanrong,Zhang Junjie,et al.Experimental research on magnetic properties of oriented silicon steel sheet under different ambient temperatures[J].Heilongjiang Electric Power,2017(6):501-505.
[19]赵志刚,刘福贵,程志光,等.直流偏磁条件下叠片铁心的磁性能模拟[J].电工技术学报,2010,25(9):14-19.Zhao Zhigang,Liu Fugui,Cheng Zhiguang,et al.Magnetic property modeling of laminated core under DC-biased condition[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2010,25(9):14-19.
[20]刘刚,靳艳娇,马永强,等.基于非平均热源的油浸式变压器2维温度场分析[J].高电压技术,2017,43(10):3361-3370.Liu Gang,Jin Yanjiao,Ma Yongqiang,et al.Twodimensional temperature field analysis of the oilimmersed transformer based on the non-uniformly heat source[J].High Voltage Engineering,2017,43(10):3361-3370.
[21]刘刚,张瀚方,池骋,等.二维电磁场-流体-温度场耦合仿真节点数据映射算法研究[J].电工技术学报,2018,33(1):148-157.Liu Gang,Zhang Hanfang,Chi Cheng,et al.Research on node data mapping algorithm for the 2D coupling electromagnetic-fluid-thermal fields[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2018,33(1):148-157.
[22]刘洋,杨富尧,范亚娜,等.畸变磁通作用下变压器铁心模型损耗的实验研究与模拟分析[J].电工电能新技术,2017,36(3):65-69.Liu Yang,Yang Fuyao,Fan Yana,et al.Experimental study and modeling analysis of iron loss in transformer core model under distorted flux density[J].Advanced Technology of Electrical Engineering&Energy,2017,36(3):65-69.