基于外部键系数的热电成本分摊比方法研究
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摘要
集中供暖及工业供热是解决环境污染的有效措施之一,但合理的供热价格的确定一直在寻求之中。基于外部键系数及折合理论,提出了一种较为合理的热电成本分摊方法。该方法通过引入供热外部键系数β_(mh)和发电外部键系数β_(mel),将供热和发电的折合折算成系统的折合耗量。由热、电双方折合耗量的比例,对热电成本进行分摊。以某双抽汽供热凝汽机组为例进行了热电成本分摊,并对包括该方法在内的几种方法进行了比较分析。结果表明:该方法考虑了能量的质和量的差别,又计及"可用"在热力系统中的作用,热电分摊比处于方法与实际焓降法之间较为合理;另外,通过外部键系数还能了解机组不同状态下供热、发电效率的变化关系,克服了其他方法的一些弊端。因此,能够为供热价格的合理确定提供一定的参考。
The method of central heating in industrial heat is one of the effective measures to solve environmental pollution. However, the reasonable price of heating is always being sought. Based on coefficient of external bonds and reduced exergy theory, a reasonable method of thermoelectric cost-apportion is proposed in this paper. By introducing the coefficient of external bounds of heating β_(mh) and the coefficient of external bounds of generating β_(mel), the method can convert the reduced exergy consumed by heating and generating into the reduced exergy consumed by the system. The thermoelectric cost is apportioned by the ratio of reduced exergy consumed by heating to reduced exergy consumed by generating. Taking a heating condensing turbine unit as an example, several methods are used respectively to analyze its thermoelectric cost-apportion. The results show that the method proposed in this paper not only takes into account the difference in the quality and quantity of energy, but also considers the role of "available anergy" in the thermal system. The ratio of thermoelectric cost-apportion based on this method is between the ratios of thermoelectric cost-apportion based on exergy method and actual enthalpy drop method, which is reasonable. In addition, through the coefficient of external bonds, the relationship between the heating and generating efficiency of the unit under different conditions is easy to understed, which overcomes some disadvantages of other methods. Therefore, the method can provide a certain reference for the determination of a reasonable heating price.
The method of central heating in industrial heat is one of the effective measures to solve environmental pollution. However, the reasonable price of heating is always being sought. Based on coefficient of external bonds and reduced exergy theory, a reasonable method of thermoelectric cost-apportion is proposed in this paper. By introducing the coefficient of external bounds of heating β_(mh) and the coefficient of external bounds of generating β_(mel), the method can convert the reduced exergy consumed by heating and generating into the reduced exergy consumed by the system. The thermoelectric cost is apportioned by the ratio of reduced exergy consumed by heating to reduced exergy consumed by generating. Taking a heating condensing turbine unit as an example, several methods are used respectively to analyze its thermoelectric cost-apportion. The results show that the method proposed in this paper not only takes into account the difference in the quality and quantity of energy, but also considers the role of "available anergy" in the thermal system. The ratio of thermoelectric cost-apportion based on this method is between the ratios of thermoelectric cost-apportion based on exergy method and actual enthalpy drop method, which is reasonable. In addition, through the coefficient of external bonds, the relationship between the heating and generating efficiency of the unit under different conditions is easy to understed, which overcomes some disadvantages of other methods. Therefore, the method can provide a certain reference for the determination of a reasonable heating price.
引文
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[2]谢争先,陈建国,张春玲,等.热电联产分摊方法的探讨与分析[J].东北电力技术,2017,38(3):32-37,38.
[3]武学素.热电联产[M].西安:西安交通大学出版社,1998.
[4]李琰琰,姚晓春.热电厂主要能耗指标计算方法与分析[J].节能,2016,41 (11):40-46.
[5]李慧君,池冉,范伟,等.热电成本分摊之乏热分配法的研究[J].华北电力大学学报,2008,35(1):67-70.
[6]陈海平,于鑫玮,鲁光武.基于质量单元的热电联产机组热电分摊算法[J].热力发电,2014,43(2):16-19,29.
[7]王加璇,张树芳.■方法及其在火电厂中的应用[M].北京:水利水电出版社,1993.
[8]王加璇,张恒良.动力工程热经济学[M].北京:水利电力出版社,1995.
[9]郭聪,田贯三.热电联产中热电效益分摊的应用分析[J].山东建筑大学学报,2018,33(4):56-61.
[10]KOTAS T.J.The exergy method of thermal plant analysis[M].Butterworths,London:Paragon Publishing,2012.
[11]郭江龙.驱动汽动给水泵小汽轮机令汽余热回收节能技术[J].河北电力技术,2016,33(6):52.
[12]赵向哲.热电分摊模型在热能利用中的应用[J].硅谷,2014,(18):144.
[13]B.M.布罗章斯基,王加璇编译.■方法及其应用[M].北京:中国电力出版社,1996.
[14]周志生.热电联产技术经济性分析[D].长春:吉林大学,2015.
[15]郭民臣,魏楠.热电厂供热成本分摊新方法—热耗变换系数法[J].中国电机工程学报,2000,20(11):85-88.