空军青少年航空学校学员抗载荷力量现状
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摘要
目的调查南部4省8所空军青少年航空学校2016级和2017级学员抗载荷力量现状,并对不同年级、年龄和地区的航校学员的相关指标进行对比,为拟定科学、有效、系统的抗荷体质训练方案提供研究基础。方法对8所航校737名学员进行体格检查和力量素质的测试,包括身高、体质量、握力、1 min俯卧撑次数、峰值背力、峰值腿力和纵跳高度,并进行统计学分析,比较不同年级、年龄和地区间的差异。结果学员年龄最小14岁,最大18岁,以15～17岁为主。以16岁学员为主要分析对象,2016级学员左握力、右握力、1 min俯卧撑、峰值背力和峰值腿力均显著高于2017级学员(P <0. 01)。在2017级学员中,左、右手握力中表现最佳为B省学员,其次为A、D和C省。俯卧撑、峰值背力和峰值腿力中力量素质表现最佳为D省学员,其次为B、A和C省。纵跳高度中,A省学员最佳。在2016级学员中,峰值腿力以C省最佳,其次为D、A和B省。不同地区两年级间力量指标的差异表现不同。A省2016级学员的右握力(P <0. 05)、俯卧撑(P <0. 01)、峰值腿力(P <0. 01)和峰值背力(P <0. 01)均高于2017级。B省2016级学员的左握力(P <0. 05)、右握力(P <0. 01)、纵跳高度(P <0. 01)、峰值腿力(P <0. 01)、峰值背力(P <0. 01)均高于2017级。C省2016级学员的左、右握力、俯卧撑、峰值腿力和峰值背力均高于2017级学员(P <0. 01)。D省2016级学员的左、右握力和俯卧撑显著高于2017级学员(P <0. 01)。结论学员的力量表现具有地域间差异。在航校学员中生理年龄不是影响力量表现的最主要因素,航校一年时间的统一培养训练是影响学员力量表现的最主要原因。
Objective To investigate the current anti-gravity strength of students of grades 2017 and 2016 in teenager aviation schools in 4 provinces in South China,compare the differences in indicators of the strength of different grades/ages/regions,and lay the foundation for efficient training programs. Methods Totally 737 students in teenager aviation schools were selected and their height,body mass,grip strength of both hands,the number of push-ups in one minute,maximum back strength,and maximum leg strength and the height of vertical jump were measured and evaluated to clarify the differences between different grades/ages/regions. Results The age of the students ranged from 14 to 18,and most of them were 15 to 17 years old. We selected 16-year-old students as our subjects,and found that their grip strength of both hands,push-ups,maximum back strength and maximum leg strength were obviously better in grade 2016 than in grade2017( P < 0. 01). In grade 2017,students in B province were the best in grip strength of both hands,followed by A,D and C provinces. Students in D province did best in maximum back strength,maximum leg strength and push-ups,followed by B,A and C provinces,and students in A did best in height of vertical jump. In grade 2016,students in C province did best in maximum leg strength,followed by D,A and B provinces. There was different performance of strength between two grades of students in different provinces. Grip strength of the right hand( P < 0. 05),push-ups( P < 0. 01),maximum back strength( P < 0. 01) and maximum leg strength( P < 0. 01) among students of 2016 grade were better than those of2017 grade in A province. Grip strength of both hands( P < 0. 05),the height of vertical jump( P < 0. 01),maximum back strength( P < 0. 01) and maximum leg strength( P < 0. 01) among students of 2016 grade were better than those of 2017 grade in B province. Grip strength of both hands,push-ups,maximum back strength and maximum leg strength among students of 2016 grade were better than those of 2017 grade in C province( P < 0. 01). Grip strength of both hands and push-ups among students of 2016 grade were better than those of 2017 grade in D province( P < 0. 01). Conclusion There is regional difference in performance of strength among students of teenager aviation schools. Systematic training in aviation schools is the most important factor to affect strength performance,but not age.
Objective To investigate the current anti-gravity strength of students of grades 2017 and 2016 in teenager aviation schools in 4 provinces in South China,compare the differences in indicators of the strength of different grades/ages/regions,and lay the foundation for efficient training programs. Methods Totally 737 students in teenager aviation schools were selected and their height,body mass,grip strength of both hands,the number of push-ups in one minute,maximum back strength,and maximum leg strength and the height of vertical jump were measured and evaluated to clarify the differences between different grades/ages/regions. Results The age of the students ranged from 14 to 18,and most of them were 15 to 17 years old. We selected 16-year-old students as our subjects,and found that their grip strength of both hands,push-ups,maximum back strength and maximum leg strength were obviously better in grade 2016 than in grade2017( P < 0. 01). In grade 2017,students in B province were the best in grip strength of both hands,followed by A,D and C provinces. Students in D province did best in maximum back strength,maximum leg strength and push-ups,followed by B,A and C provinces,and students in A did best in height of vertical jump. In grade 2016,students in C province did best in maximum leg strength,followed by D,A and B provinces. There was different performance of strength between two grades of students in different provinces. Grip strength of the right hand( P < 0. 05),push-ups( P < 0. 01),maximum back strength( P < 0. 01) and maximum leg strength( P < 0. 01) among students of 2016 grade were better than those of2017 grade in A province. Grip strength of both hands( P < 0. 05),the height of vertical jump( P < 0. 01),maximum back strength( P < 0. 01) and maximum leg strength( P < 0. 01) among students of 2016 grade were better than those of 2017 grade in B province. Grip strength of both hands,push-ups,maximum back strength and maximum leg strength among students of 2016 grade were better than those of 2017 grade in C province( P < 0. 01). Grip strength of both hands and push-ups among students of 2016 grade were better than those of 2017 grade in D province( P < 0. 01). Conclusion There is regional difference in performance of strength among students of teenager aviation schools. Systematic training in aviation schools is the most important factor to affect strength performance,but not age.
引文
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[2]李佩倞,邹志康.空军青少年航空学校学员医学选拔体格发育指标抽样随访研究[J].军事医学,2017,41(1):5-8.
[3]李立华,耿喜臣,陆霞,等.专项抗荷体能训练对HP动作抗荷效果的影响[J].中华航空航天医学杂志,2004,15(3):151-155.
[4]林惠美,曾国维,陈永盛.等,运动员成长追踪在训练科学之运用[J].大专体育,2015(132):35-43.
[5] Aberbergaaugskalne L,Kemper HCG. Longitudinal relationships between cardiovascular functioning and peak height velocity during exercise in 7 to 16 year old boys and girls[J]. Human Movement,2007,8(1):5-11.
[6]李立华,李宝辉,耿喜臣,等.下肢用力与+Gz耐力关系的研究[J].中国应用生理学杂志,2005,21(4):417-418.