基于水动力学模型的暴雨浅层滑坡风险分析
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摘要
暴雨诱发浅层滑坡对公共安全和社会经济发展构成重大威胁,但迄今为止对浅层滑坡的形成机理认识有限,尚无可靠的浅层滑坡风险分析方法。本文建立暴雨山洪水动力学数学模型,能较好地模拟暴雨产流、汇流及入渗等水文过程;采用边坡极限平衡方法构建暴雨水动力学滑坡模型,对暴雨诱发浅层滑坡进行风险分析。将该模型应用于典型浅层滑坡易发区,计算结果表明,本文水动力学模型能较好地模拟降雨入渗过程,基于该模型的浅层滑坡风险分析较为合理,为有效防御暴雨浅层滑坡提供了新的技术。
Shallow landslide induced by rainstorm can pose great threats to public safety and social and econormic development,but the knowledge of shallow landslide formation mechanism is limited so far.There is no reilable analysis method on shallow landslide hazard.In this paper,hydrodynamic model of heavy rainfall-induced flash flood is developed.The model can better simulate the hydrological processes of rainstorm runoff,convergence and infiltration,etc.The rainstorm hydrodynamic landslide model is used to assess rainstorm-induced shallow landslide hazard,with the limit equilibrium method of slope.The model has been applied to a typical shallow landslide-prone area.The calculation results show that the hydrodynamic model can better simulate the process of rainfall infiltration,the assessment of shallow landslide hazard,based on the model,is more reasonable.It provided a new technology to defense effectively rainstorm-induced shallow landslide.
Shallow landslide induced by rainstorm can pose great threats to public safety and social and econormic development,but the knowledge of shallow landslide formation mechanism is limited so far.There is no reilable analysis method on shallow landslide hazard.In this paper,hydrodynamic model of heavy rainfall-induced flash flood is developed.The model can better simulate the hydrological processes of rainstorm runoff,convergence and infiltration,etc.The rainstorm hydrodynamic landslide model is used to assess rainstorm-induced shallow landslide hazard,with the limit equilibrium method of slope.The model has been applied to a typical shallow landslide-prone area.The calculation results show that the hydrodynamic model can better simulate the process of rainfall infiltration,the assessment of shallow landslide hazard,based on the model,is more reasonable.It provided a new technology to defense effectively rainstorm-induced shallow landslide.
引文
[1]孙建平,刘青泉,李家春,等.降雨入渗对深层滑坡稳定性影响研究[J].中国科学G辑,2008,38(8):945-954.
[2]文宝萍.滑坡预测预报研究现状与发展趋势[J].地质前缘,中国地质大学,北京:1996,3(1-2):86-92.
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[4]GUZZETTI F,PERUCCACCI S,ROSSI M,et al.The Rainfall Intensity-duration Control of Shallow Landslides and Debris Flow s:an Update[J].Landslides,2008(5):3-17.
[5]REICHENBACH P,CARDINALI M,VITA P D,et al.Regional Hydrological Thresholds for Landslides and Floods in the Tiber River Basin(Central Italy)[J].Environmental Geology,1998,35(2-3):146-159.
[6]ZHOU C H,LEE C F,LI J,et al.On the Spatial Relationship Betw een Landslides and Causative Factors on Lantau Island,Hongkong[J].Geomorphology,2002(43):197-207.
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[8]MONTGOMERY D R,SULLIVAN K,GREENBERG H M.Regional Test of A M odel for Shallow Landsliding[J].Hydrological Processes,1998(12):943-955.
[9]BORGA M,FONTANA G D,GREGORETTI C,et al.Assessment of Shallow Landsliding by Using a Physically Based M odel of Hillslope Stability[J].Hydrological Processes,2002(16):2833-2851.
[10]PACK R T,TARBOTON D G,GOODWIN C N.The SINM AP Approach to Terrain Stability M apping[C].8thCongress of the International Association of Engineering Geology,Vancouver,British Columbia,Canada,1998.
[11]WU W,SIDLE R C.A Distributed Slope Stability Model for Steep Forested Basins[J].Water Resources Research,1995(31):2097-2110.
[12]BATCHELOR G.An Introduction to Fluid Dynamics[M].Cambridge University Press,1967.
[13]SMITH R E.Infiltration Theory for Hydrologic Applications[M].Water Resources Monograph 15,American Geophysical Union,Washington D.C,2002.
[14]曹志先,王鑫.湖南省山洪灾害临界雨量计算模型研究报告[R].武汉大学,2009.
[15]IWAGAKI Y.Fundamental Studies on the Runoff Analysis by Characteristics[J].Disaster Prevention Research Institute Kyoto University Bulletins,1955,10.
[16]HUNTER M.Benchmarking 2D Hydraulic Models for Urban Flooding[J].Water M anagement,Proceedings of Institution of Civil Engineers,2008(161):13-30.
[17]靳德武,牛富俊,陈志新,倪万魁.不同渗流条件下无限斜坡稳定性分析方法探讨[J].地质灾害与环境保护,2003,14(4):63-67.
[18]刘青泉,李家春.降雨坡面径流汇集模型及其在茅坪滑坡中的应用[J].自然科学进展,2006,16(6):662-671.
[2]文宝萍.滑坡预测预报研究现状与发展趋势[J].地质前缘,中国地质大学,北京:1996,3(1-2):86-92.
[3]CARRARA A.Multivariate Models for Landslide Hazard Evaluation[J].M athematical Geology,1983,15(3):403-426.
[4]GUZZETTI F,PERUCCACCI S,ROSSI M,et al.The Rainfall Intensity-duration Control of Shallow Landslides and Debris Flow s:an Update[J].Landslides,2008(5):3-17.
[5]REICHENBACH P,CARDINALI M,VITA P D,et al.Regional Hydrological Thresholds for Landslides and Floods in the Tiber River Basin(Central Italy)[J].Environmental Geology,1998,35(2-3):146-159.
[6]ZHOU C H,LEE C F,LI J,et al.On the Spatial Relationship Betw een Landslides and Causative Factors on Lantau Island,Hongkong[J].Geomorphology,2002(43):197-207.
[7]陈祖煜.土质边坡稳定分析——原理·方法·程序[M].中国水利水电出版社,2003.
[8]MONTGOMERY D R,SULLIVAN K,GREENBERG H M.Regional Test of A M odel for Shallow Landsliding[J].Hydrological Processes,1998(12):943-955.
[9]BORGA M,FONTANA G D,GREGORETTI C,et al.Assessment of Shallow Landsliding by Using a Physically Based M odel of Hillslope Stability[J].Hydrological Processes,2002(16):2833-2851.
[10]PACK R T,TARBOTON D G,GOODWIN C N.The SINM AP Approach to Terrain Stability M apping[C].8thCongress of the International Association of Engineering Geology,Vancouver,British Columbia,Canada,1998.
[11]WU W,SIDLE R C.A Distributed Slope Stability Model for Steep Forested Basins[J].Water Resources Research,1995(31):2097-2110.
[12]BATCHELOR G.An Introduction to Fluid Dynamics[M].Cambridge University Press,1967.
[13]SMITH R E.Infiltration Theory for Hydrologic Applications[M].Water Resources Monograph 15,American Geophysical Union,Washington D.C,2002.
[14]曹志先,王鑫.湖南省山洪灾害临界雨量计算模型研究报告[R].武汉大学,2009.
[15]IWAGAKI Y.Fundamental Studies on the Runoff Analysis by Characteristics[J].Disaster Prevention Research Institute Kyoto University Bulletins,1955,10.
[16]HUNTER M.Benchmarking 2D Hydraulic Models for Urban Flooding[J].Water M anagement,Proceedings of Institution of Civil Engineers,2008(161):13-30.
[17]靳德武,牛富俊,陈志新,倪万魁.不同渗流条件下无限斜坡稳定性分析方法探讨[J].地质灾害与环境保护,2003,14(4):63-67.
[18]刘青泉,李家春.降雨坡面径流汇集模型及其在茅坪滑坡中的应用[J].自然科学进展,2006,16(6):662-671.