自主创新、外国技术溢出与制造业出口产品质量升级
|
摘要
本文基于质量异质模型,采用2007—2016年中国113个制造业细分行业数据实证检验了中国自主创新、外国技术溢出对制造业出口产品质量升级的影响,结果表明:中国自主创新是拉动制造业出口质量升级的主要动力;在外国技术溢出效应中,外商直接投资与进口贸易技术溢出显著促进制造业出口产品质量升级,跨国专利申请具有阻碍作用;中国高技术行业出口产品质量提升主要来源于外国企业在中国设厂生产高质量产品并出口,以及中国对进口的高质量中间品再加工出口两条途径;自主创新对制造业出口产品质量存在U型的非线性影响。
Based on the model of quality differentiation, this paper empirically examines the impact of China's independent innovation and foreign technology spillover on quality upgrading ofmanufacturing export products by using the data of 113 manufacturing industries from 2007 to 2016. The results are as follows. Firstly, China's independent innovation is the main driving force for promoting quality upgrading. Secondly, FDI and import trade technology spillover significantly promote the quality of China's manufacturing export products, and the multinational patent application hinders the quality upgrading. Thirdly, the improvement of export quality of China's high-tech manufacturing industry mainly comes from two ways: foreign enterprises set up factories in China to produce high-quality products and export them, and China's re-processing and export of imported high-quality intermediate products. Lastly, independent innovation has a U-shaped non-linear impact on the quality of manufacturing export products.
Based on the model of quality differentiation, this paper empirically examines the impact of China's independent innovation and foreign technology spillover on quality upgrading ofmanufacturing export products by using the data of 113 manufacturing industries from 2007 to 2016. The results are as follows. Firstly, China's independent innovation is the main driving force for promoting quality upgrading. Secondly, FDI and import trade technology spillover significantly promote the quality of China's manufacturing export products, and the multinational patent application hinders the quality upgrading. Thirdly, the improvement of export quality of China's high-tech manufacturing industry mainly comes from two ways: foreign enterprises set up factories in China to produce high-quality products and export them, and China's re-processing and export of imported high-quality intermediate products. Lastly, independent innovation has a U-shaped non-linear impact on the quality of manufacturing export products.
引文
[1]陈保启,毛日昇.中国国际贸易水平的测度分析——基于出口产品质量的主要经济体间比较[J].数量经济技术经济研究,2018,35(4):20-40.
[2]余淼杰,张睿.中国制造业出口质量的准确衡量:挑战与解决方法[J].经济学(季刊),2017,16(2):463-484.
[3]施炳展.中国企业出口产品质量异质性:测度与事实[J].经济学(季刊) ,2014(1) :263-284.
[4]Haichao Fan.On the relationship between quality and productivity:Evidence from China’s accession to the WTO [J].Journal of International Economics,2018,110(1):28-49.
[5]孙林,卢鑫,钟钰.中国出口产品质量与质量升级研究[J].国际贸易问题,2014(5):13-22.
[6]张杰,郑文平,翟福昕.中国出口产品质量得到提升了么?[J].经济研究,2014,49(10):46-59.
[7]施炳展,王有鑫,李坤望.中国出口产品品质测度及其决定因素[J].世界经济,2013,36(9):69-93.
[8]张先锋,陈永安,吴飞飞.出口产品质量升级能否缓解中国对外贸易摩擦[J].中国工业经济,2018(7):43-61.
[9]Hallak J C.Product quality and the direction of trade [J].Journal of International Economics,2006,68(1):238-265.
[10]Cockburn I M,Lanjouw J O,Schankerman M.Patents and the global diffusion of new drugs[J].American Economic Review,2016,106(1):136-64.
[11]Acemoglu D,Akcigit U,Kerr W R.Innovation network[J].Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences,2016,113(41):11483-11488.
[12]Schott P K.Across-product versus within-product specialization in international trade [J].Quarterly Journal of Economics,2004,119(2) :647-678.
[13]Motta M.National R&D cooperation:A special type of strategic policy [J].CORE Discussion Papers,1992,No.02.
[14]Faruq H.Impact of technology and physical capital on export quality [J].Journal of Developing Areas,2010,44(1):167-185.
[15]殷德生,唐海燕,黄腾飞.国际贸易、企业异质性与产品质量升级[J].经济研究,2011,46(S2):136-146.
[16]李怀建,沈坤荣.出口产品质量的影响因素分析——基于跨国面板数据的检验[J].产业经济研究,2015(6):62-72.
[17]Swenson D L,Chen H.Multinational exposure and the quality of new Chinese exports [J].Oxford Bulletin of Economics & Statistics,2014,76(1):41-66.
[18]Harding B,Javorcik B S.A touch of sophistication:FDI and unit values of exports [R].CESIFO Working Paper,2011,No.2865.
[19]李坤望,王有鑫.FDI促进了中国出口产品质量升级吗?——基于动态面板系统GMM方法的研究[J].世界经济研究,2013(5):60-66+89.
[20]李方静.中间产品进口与企业出口质量[J].世界经济研究,2016(10):76-88+136.
[21]Keller W,Yeaple S.Multinational enterprises,international trade,and productivity growth firm level evidence from the United States [R].NBER Working Paper,2003,No.9504.
[22]Hu A G.Propensity to patent,competition and China’s foreign patenting surge [J].Research Policy,2010,39(7):985-993.
[23]李捷瑜,李杰,陈润深.海外专利的双重创新效应研究:过程创新还是产品创新?[J].世界经济研究,2018(3):41-55+135.
[24]Fons-Rosen C,Kalemli-Ozcan S,Sorensen B E,et al.Foreign investment and domestic productivity:Identifying knowledge spillovers and competition effects[R].National Bureau of Economic Research,2017.
[25]Halpern L,Koren M,Szeidl A.Imported inputs and productivity[J].American Economic Review,2015,105(12):3660-3703.
[26]耿晔强,史瑞祯.进口中间品质量与企业出口绩效[J].经济评论,2018(5):90-105.
[27]诸竹君,黄先海,余骁.进口中间品质量、自主创新与企业出口国内增加值率[J].中国工业经济,2018(8):116-134.
[28]何兴强,欧燕,史卫,等.FDI技术溢出与中国吸收能力门槛研究[J].世界经济,2014,37(10):52-76.
[29]Koopman R,Wang Z,Wei S J.Tracing value added and double counting in gross export [J].American Economic Review,2014,104(2),459-494.
[30]许家云,毛其淋,胡鞍钢.中间品进口与企业出口产品质量升级:基于中国证据的研究[J].世界经济,2017,40(3):52-75.
[31]Feng L,Li Z Y,Swenson D L.The connection between imported intermediate inputs and exports:Evidence from Chinese firms [R].NBER Working Paper,2012,No.18260.
[32]莫莎,欧佩群.生产性服务业集聚对出口产品质量的影响分析——基于我国275个地级城市的证据[J].国际商务(对外经济贸易大学学报),2016(5):17-27.
[33]Eaton J,Kortum S.International technology diffusion:Theory and measurement [J].International Economic Review,1999,40(3):537-570.
[34]康志勇.出口贸易与自主创新——基于我国制造业企业的实证研究[J].国际贸易问题,2011(2):35-45.
[35]汪建新.贸易自由度、质量差距与地区出口产品质量升级[J].国际贸易问题,2014(10):3-13+143.
[36]Verspagen B.A new empirical approach to catching up or falling behind [J].Structural Change and Economic Dynamics,1991(2),No.2.
[37]Lall S.The techonological structure and performance of developing country manufactured exports 1985-1998 [J].Oxford Development Studies,2000,28:3,337-369.
[38]吕品,范家琦.我国高技术产业自主创新能力评价——基于DEA的Malmquist生产率指数分析[J].技术经济,2010,29(7):1-5+19.
[39]葛文进,俞立平.外商直接投资对中国出口产品质量影响分析[J].科技与管理,2017,19(2):75-81.
[40]Hausmann R,Hwang J,Rodrik D.What you export matters [J].Journal of Economic Growth,2007,12:1-25.
[41]Xu B.The sophistication of exports:Is China special?[J].China Economic Review,2010,21(3),482-493.
[42]姚洋,张晔.中国出口品国内技术含量升级的动态研究——来自全国及江苏省、广东省的证据[J].中国社会科学,2008(2):67-82+205-206.
[2]余淼杰,张睿.中国制造业出口质量的准确衡量:挑战与解决方法[J].经济学(季刊),2017,16(2):463-484.
[3]施炳展.中国企业出口产品质量异质性:测度与事实[J].经济学(季刊) ,2014(1) :263-284.
[4]Haichao Fan.On the relationship between quality and productivity:Evidence from China’s accession to the WTO [J].Journal of International Economics,2018,110(1):28-49.
[5]孙林,卢鑫,钟钰.中国出口产品质量与质量升级研究[J].国际贸易问题,2014(5):13-22.
[6]张杰,郑文平,翟福昕.中国出口产品质量得到提升了么?[J].经济研究,2014,49(10):46-59.
[7]施炳展,王有鑫,李坤望.中国出口产品品质测度及其决定因素[J].世界经济,2013,36(9):69-93.
[8]张先锋,陈永安,吴飞飞.出口产品质量升级能否缓解中国对外贸易摩擦[J].中国工业经济,2018(7):43-61.
[9]Hallak J C.Product quality and the direction of trade [J].Journal of International Economics,2006,68(1):238-265.
[10]Cockburn I M,Lanjouw J O,Schankerman M.Patents and the global diffusion of new drugs[J].American Economic Review,2016,106(1):136-64.
[11]Acemoglu D,Akcigit U,Kerr W R.Innovation network[J].Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences,2016,113(41):11483-11488.
[12]Schott P K.Across-product versus within-product specialization in international trade [J].Quarterly Journal of Economics,2004,119(2) :647-678.
[13]Motta M.National R&D cooperation:A special type of strategic policy [J].CORE Discussion Papers,1992,No.02.
[14]Faruq H.Impact of technology and physical capital on export quality [J].Journal of Developing Areas,2010,44(1):167-185.
[15]殷德生,唐海燕,黄腾飞.国际贸易、企业异质性与产品质量升级[J].经济研究,2011,46(S2):136-146.
[16]李怀建,沈坤荣.出口产品质量的影响因素分析——基于跨国面板数据的检验[J].产业经济研究,2015(6):62-72.
[17]Swenson D L,Chen H.Multinational exposure and the quality of new Chinese exports [J].Oxford Bulletin of Economics & Statistics,2014,76(1):41-66.
[18]Harding B,Javorcik B S.A touch of sophistication:FDI and unit values of exports [R].CESIFO Working Paper,2011,No.2865.
[19]李坤望,王有鑫.FDI促进了中国出口产品质量升级吗?——基于动态面板系统GMM方法的研究[J].世界经济研究,2013(5):60-66+89.
[20]李方静.中间产品进口与企业出口质量[J].世界经济研究,2016(10):76-88+136.
[21]Keller W,Yeaple S.Multinational enterprises,international trade,and productivity growth firm level evidence from the United States [R].NBER Working Paper,2003,No.9504.
[22]Hu A G.Propensity to patent,competition and China’s foreign patenting surge [J].Research Policy,2010,39(7):985-993.
[23]李捷瑜,李杰,陈润深.海外专利的双重创新效应研究:过程创新还是产品创新?[J].世界经济研究,2018(3):41-55+135.
[24]Fons-Rosen C,Kalemli-Ozcan S,Sorensen B E,et al.Foreign investment and domestic productivity:Identifying knowledge spillovers and competition effects[R].National Bureau of Economic Research,2017.
[25]Halpern L,Koren M,Szeidl A.Imported inputs and productivity[J].American Economic Review,2015,105(12):3660-3703.
[26]耿晔强,史瑞祯.进口中间品质量与企业出口绩效[J].经济评论,2018(5):90-105.
[27]诸竹君,黄先海,余骁.进口中间品质量、自主创新与企业出口国内增加值率[J].中国工业经济,2018(8):116-134.
[28]何兴强,欧燕,史卫,等.FDI技术溢出与中国吸收能力门槛研究[J].世界经济,2014,37(10):52-76.
[29]Koopman R,Wang Z,Wei S J.Tracing value added and double counting in gross export [J].American Economic Review,2014,104(2),459-494.
[30]许家云,毛其淋,胡鞍钢.中间品进口与企业出口产品质量升级:基于中国证据的研究[J].世界经济,2017,40(3):52-75.
[31]Feng L,Li Z Y,Swenson D L.The connection between imported intermediate inputs and exports:Evidence from Chinese firms [R].NBER Working Paper,2012,No.18260.
[32]莫莎,欧佩群.生产性服务业集聚对出口产品质量的影响分析——基于我国275个地级城市的证据[J].国际商务(对外经济贸易大学学报),2016(5):17-27.
[33]Eaton J,Kortum S.International technology diffusion:Theory and measurement [J].International Economic Review,1999,40(3):537-570.
[34]康志勇.出口贸易与自主创新——基于我国制造业企业的实证研究[J].国际贸易问题,2011(2):35-45.
[35]汪建新.贸易自由度、质量差距与地区出口产品质量升级[J].国际贸易问题,2014(10):3-13+143.
[36]Verspagen B.A new empirical approach to catching up or falling behind [J].Structural Change and Economic Dynamics,1991(2),No.2.
[37]Lall S.The techonological structure and performance of developing country manufactured exports 1985-1998 [J].Oxford Development Studies,2000,28:3,337-369.
[38]吕品,范家琦.我国高技术产业自主创新能力评价——基于DEA的Malmquist生产率指数分析[J].技术经济,2010,29(7):1-5+19.
[39]葛文进,俞立平.外商直接投资对中国出口产品质量影响分析[J].科技与管理,2017,19(2):75-81.
[40]Hausmann R,Hwang J,Rodrik D.What you export matters [J].Journal of Economic Growth,2007,12:1-25.
[41]Xu B.The sophistication of exports:Is China special?[J].China Economic Review,2010,21(3),482-493.
[42]姚洋,张晔.中国出口品国内技术含量升级的动态研究——来自全国及江苏省、广东省的证据[J].中国社会科学,2008(2):67-82+205-206.