Cu~(2+)、Cd~(2+)胁迫对马来眼子菜光合色素及光合荧光特性的影响
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摘要
为全面了解沉水植物受重金属胁迫后光合色素及荧光特性的变化,以马来眼子菜(Potamogeton malaianus)为供试材料,采用不同浓度Cu~(2+)或Cd~(2+)处理,利用丙酮萃取和水下荧光仪原位测定法,研究重金属对植物光合色素含量、光合荧光参数及荧光成像的影响.结果显示,Cu~(2+)或Cd~(2+)处理下,叶绿素总量(Ct)、叶绿素a(Ca)、叶绿素b(Cb)、类胡萝卜素(Cc)均极显著下降(P <0.01),且Cu~(2+)对叶绿体的毒害作用比Cd~(2+)更大;最大光化学效率F_v/F_m、潜在光化学效率F_v/F_o、有效量子产量Y(Ⅱ)和光化学淬灭系数qP也呈极显著下降趋势(P <0.01),且Cu~(2+)胁迫的影响更显著. Cu~(2+)处理下,调节性能量耗散的量子产量Y(NPQ)和非光化学淬灭系数qN均先增加后降低.而Cd~(2+)处理下,Y(NPQ)和qN均呈极显著上升趋势(P <0.01);各处理组非调节性能量耗散的量子产量Y(NO)差异不显著. Cu~(2+)处理下相对电子传递速率ETR下降更多. 0.5 mg/L Cu~(2+)处理下,马来眼子菜光合色素含量、F_v/F_m、F_v/F_o、Y(Ⅱ)和ETR均比对照组下降显著;0.5 mg/L和1.0 mg/L Cd~(2+)处理下,马来眼子菜具有正常的光合活性.荧光成像表明叶片受损始于叶边缘,叶脉抗重金属胁迫能力强于叶肉;相同浓度处理下,Cu~(2+)处理对叶片的损伤程度大于Cd~(2+)处理.上述结果表明马来眼子菜耐Cd~(2+)能力强于Cu~(2+),因此可将其用作低浓度Cd~(2+)污染水域的修复物种.(图5表3参38)
For a comprehensive study of the effects of different heavy metals on plant photosynthetic pigments and photosynthetic fluorescence characteristics, Potamogeton malaianus was selected as experimental material. Potamogeton malaianus was subjected to six separate concentration levels of Cu~(2+) or Cd~(2+). Photosynthetic pigments were determined by acetone extraction. Fluorescence parameters were detected by an underwater fluorometer in situ. The total chlorophyll(Ct),chlorophyll a(Ca), chlorophyll b(Cb), and carotenoid(Cc) decreased significantly(P < 0.01) with the increase of Cu~(2+) or Cd~(2+) concentrations. The toxic effect of Cu~(2+) stress on chloroplasts was greater than that of Cd~(2+). Moreover, the maximum photochemical efficiency F_v/F_m, potential photochemical efficiency F_v/F_o, effective quantum yield Y(II) and photochemical quenching coefficient qP also showed a significant downward trend(P < 0.01), and the effect of Cu~(2+) stress was more highly significant. Under Cu~(2+) treatment, regulated energy dissipation quantum yield Y(NPQ) and the non-photochemical quenching coefficient qN first increased and then decreased. Under Cd~(2+) treatment, both Y(NPQ) and qN exhibited a highly significant upward trend(P < 0.01). The difference between non-regulated energy dissipation quantum yield Y(NO) in each treatment group was not significant. The relative electron transfer rate ETR decreased more under Cu~(2+) treatment. Under the treatment of 0.5 mg/L Cu~(2+), the photosynthesis pigment content, F_v/F_m, F_v/F_o, Y(II), and ETR of P. malaianus were significantly lower than that of the control group. Under the treatment of 0.5 mg/L and 1.0 mg/L Cd~(2+), P. malaianus had normal photosynthetic activity.Fluorescence imaging showed that the damage began at the edge of the leaves, and the resistance of the veins to heavy metals was stronger than that of the mesophyll. Under the same treatment concentration, the degree of damage of Cu~(2+) treatment on the leaves was greater than that of Cd~(2+) treatment. P. malaianus was more resistant to Cd~(2+) than Cu~(2+). It can be suggested that P.malaianus be used as a repairing species in low-concentration Cd~(2+) contaminated waters.
For a comprehensive study of the effects of different heavy metals on plant photosynthetic pigments and photosynthetic fluorescence characteristics, Potamogeton malaianus was selected as experimental material. Potamogeton malaianus was subjected to six separate concentration levels of Cu~(2+) or Cd~(2+). Photosynthetic pigments were determined by acetone extraction. Fluorescence parameters were detected by an underwater fluorometer in situ. The total chlorophyll(Ct),chlorophyll a(Ca), chlorophyll b(Cb), and carotenoid(Cc) decreased significantly(P < 0.01) with the increase of Cu~(2+) or Cd~(2+) concentrations. The toxic effect of Cu~(2+) stress on chloroplasts was greater than that of Cd~(2+). Moreover, the maximum photochemical efficiency F_v/F_m, potential photochemical efficiency F_v/F_o, effective quantum yield Y(II) and photochemical quenching coefficient qP also showed a significant downward trend(P < 0.01), and the effect of Cu~(2+) stress was more highly significant. Under Cu~(2+) treatment, regulated energy dissipation quantum yield Y(NPQ) and the non-photochemical quenching coefficient qN first increased and then decreased. Under Cd~(2+) treatment, both Y(NPQ) and qN exhibited a highly significant upward trend(P < 0.01). The difference between non-regulated energy dissipation quantum yield Y(NO) in each treatment group was not significant. The relative electron transfer rate ETR decreased more under Cu~(2+) treatment. Under the treatment of 0.5 mg/L Cu~(2+), the photosynthesis pigment content, F_v/F_m, F_v/F_o, Y(II), and ETR of P. malaianus were significantly lower than that of the control group. Under the treatment of 0.5 mg/L and 1.0 mg/L Cd~(2+), P. malaianus had normal photosynthetic activity.Fluorescence imaging showed that the damage began at the edge of the leaves, and the resistance of the veins to heavy metals was stronger than that of the mesophyll. Under the same treatment concentration, the degree of damage of Cu~(2+) treatment on the leaves was greater than that of Cd~(2+) treatment. P. malaianus was more resistant to Cd~(2+) than Cu~(2+). It can be suggested that P.malaianus be used as a repairing species in low-concentration Cd~(2+) contaminated waters.
引文
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2 Ji Y,Wu PJ,Zhang J,Zhang J,Zhou YF,Peng YW,Zhang SF,Cai GT,Gao GQ.Heavy metal accumulation,risk assessment and integrated biomarker responses of local vegetables:a case study along the Le’an river[J].Chemosphere,2018,199:361-371
3 Ji Y,Zhang J,Li XL,Peng YW,Cai GT,Gao GQ,Wu JQ,Liu JL.Biomarker responses of rice plants growing in a potentially toxic element polluted region:a case study in the Le’an region[J].Chemosphere,2017,187:97-105
4 Xue PY,Li GX,Liu WJ,Yan CZ.Copper uptake and translocation in a submerged aquatic plant Hydrilla verticillata(L.f.)Royle[J].Chemosphere,2010,81(9):1098-1103
5 Xing W,Bai G,Wu HP,Liu H,Liu GH.Effect of submerged macrophytes on metal and metalloid concentrations in sediments and water of the Yunnan Plateau lakes in China[J].J Soils Sed,2017,17(10):1-10
6 Upadhyay AK,Singh NK,Rai UN.Comparative metal accumulation potential of Potamogeton pectinatus L.and Potamogeton crispus L.:role of enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants in tolerance and detoxification of metals[J].Aquat Bot,2014,117(5):27-32
7 Wang PF,Zhang SH,Wang C,Lu J.Effects of Pb on the oxidative stress and antioxidant response in a Pb bioaccumulator plant Vallisneria natans[J].Ecotoxicol Environ Saf,2012,78:28-34
8 Nagajyoti PC,Lee KD,Sreekanth TVM.Heavy metals,accurrence and toxicity for plants:a review[J].Environ Chem Lett,2010,8(3):199-216
9 Shahid M,Dumat C,Khalid S,Schreck E,Xiong T.Foliar heavy metal uptake,toxicity and detoxification in plants:a comparison of foliar and root metal uptake[J].J Hazard Mat,2017,325:36-58
10杨海燕,施国新,徐勤松,计汪栋,王红霞,李阳.Cd2+胁迫对竹叶眼子菜的毒理学效应分析[J].应用与环境生物学报,2008,14(3):366-370[Yang HY,Shi GX,Xu QS,Ji WD,Wang HX,Li Y.Phytotoxicity of Cd2+on leaf cells of Potamogeton malaianus[J].Chin J Appl Environ Biol,2008,14(3):366-370]
11 Ferreira C,Horta PA,Almeida GM,Zitta CS,Oliveira EM,Gueye MB,Rodrigues AC.Anatomical and ultrastructural adaptations of seagrass leaves:an evaluation of the southern Atlantic groups[J].Protoplasma,2015,252(1):3-20
12简敏菲,张乖乖,史邪甜,余厚平,陈奕奇.土壤镉、铅及其复合污染胁迫对丁香蓼(Ludwigia prostrate)的生长及其光合荧光特性的影响[J].应用与环境生物学报,2017,23(5):837-844[Jian MF,Zhang GG,Shi YT,Yu HP,ChenYQ.Effects of single and combined pollution stress of cadmium and lead in soil on the growth and photosynthetic f luorescence characteristics of Ludwigia prostrata[J].Chin J Appl Environ Biol,2017,23(5):837-844]
13 Borisova GG,Chukina NV,Maleva MG,Levchenko UA.Accumulation of heav y met als i n leave s of subme rged hyd rophy t e s(Elode a canadensis Michx.and Potamogeton perfoliatus L.)and their responses to the effect of the wastewater of a metallurgical plant[J].Inland Water Biol,2017,10(2):176-181
14 Yi ZJ,Yao J,Zhu MJ,Chen HL,Wang F,Yuan ZM,Liu X.Batch study of uranium biosorption by Elodea canadensis biomass[J].J Radioanal Nucl Chem,2016,310:505-313
15 Ahmad SS,Reshi ZA,Shah MA,Rashid I,Ara R,Andrabi SMA.Heavy metal accumulation in the leaves of Potamogeton natans and Ceratophyllum demersum in a Himalayan RAMSAR site:management implications[J].Wetlands Ecol Manage,2016,24:469-475
16邱昌恩,刘国祥,况琪军,胡征宇.Cu2+对一种绿球藻生长及生理特性的影响[J].应用与环境生物学报,2005,11(6):690-693[Qiu CE,Liu GX,Kuang QJ,Hu ZY.Effect of Cu2+on growth and physiological characteristics of Chlorococcum sp.[J].Chin J Appl Environ Biol,2005,11(6):690-693]
17 Joanna A,Zbigniew G,Anna KG,Pawel W,Anna K.Accumulation patterns of Cr in Callitriche organs-qualitative and quantitative analysis[J].Environ Sci Pollut Res,2016,23:2669-2676
18 Liu H,Cao Y,Li W,Zhang Z,Jeppesen E,Wang W.The effects of cadmium pulse dosing on physiological traits and growth of the submerged macrophyte Vallisneria spinulosa and phytoplankton biomass:a mesocosm study[J].Environ Sci Pollut Res,2017,24(18):15308-15314
19 Ferreira C,Horta PA,Almeida GM,Zitta CS,Oliveira EM,Gueye MYB,Rodrigues AC.Anatomical and ultrastructural adaptations of seagrass leaves:an evaluation of the southern Atlantic groups[J].Protoplasma,2015,252:3-20
20刘治华.重污染湖泊沉水植被重建的生理生态研究[D].武汉:华中师范大学,2006[Liu ZH.Physio-ecological study of submerged vegetation restoration in hypereutrophic lake[D].Wuhan:Central China Normal University,2006]
21林世青,许春辉,张其德,徐黎,毛大璋,匡廷云.叶绿素荧光动力学在植物抗性生理学、生态学和农业现代化中的应用[J].植物学通报,1992,9(1):1-16[Lin SQ,Xu CH,Zhang QD,Xu L,Mao DZ,Kuang TY.Some application of chlorophyll fluorescence kinetics to plant stress physiology,to ecology and agricultural modernization[J].Chin Bull Bot,1992,9(1):1-16
22李合生.植物生理生化实验原理和技术[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2000[Li HS.The Experimental Principle and Technique on Plant Physiology and Biochemistry[M].Beijing:Higher Education Press,2000]
23吕念泽,高桂青,吕顺华,王岩,夏桢妍,赵蒙,王锴,冯裕发.Cu2+胁迫对马来眼子菜光合荧光特性的影响[J].南昌工程学院学报,2018,37(4):31-34[LüNZ,Gao GQ,LüSH,Wang Y,Xia ZY,Zhao M,Wang K,Feng YF.Inf luence of Cu2+stress on photosynthetic f luorescence characteristics of Potamogeton Malaianus[J].J Nanchang Inst Technol,2018,37(4):31-34]
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