充氧包装方式对鳜CO_2麻醉和运输存活的研究
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摘要
为研究充氧包装方式中CO_2对鳜(Siniperca chuatsi)的麻醉效果和充氧量对鳜的运输存活影响,在泡沫箱中放入鳜和水,环境温度为18℃,先后通入0.1 MPa分压的CO_2和O_2气体,研究CO_2对鳜的麻醉和复苏效果。鳜麻醉后在每个充氧式包装中单独放1尾鳜和水,封口后充入不同气压量的氧气,研究充氧量对鳜存活时间和水质的影响。结果表明,在通入0.1 MPa分压CO_2过程中,水体溶氧量下降,游离CO_2浓度上升,在360 s时可有效麻醉鳜;采用充氧式包装,随着充氧气压的增大,水体溶氧量增大,鳜存活时间延长。随着鳜存活时间的延长,鳜死亡时水体的溶氧量差异不显著,氨氮含量增大,亚硝酸盐氮含量、pH差异不显著,充氧量和水体的氨氮含量影响鳜的存活时间。因此,在18℃环境通入0.1 MPa分压CO_2 360 s,可有效麻醉鳜;在充氧式包装、氧气压为15 kPa的条件下,鳜的存活时间较久。
To study the anesthetic effect of CO_2 on mandarin fish(Siniperca chuatsi)and oxygenation on survival of mandarin fish,mandarin fish was held at boxes filled with water.CO_2 gas and then O_2 gas with partial pressure of 0.1 MPa were injected to water to anesthetize the fish at water temperature of 18℃,which was to evaluate the anesthetic effect on the mandarin fish by CO_2 gas and the recovery of the mandarin fish by O_2 gas.When the mandarin fish was anesthetized,a mandarin fish and water were closed in a package filled with different pressure of oxygen until the fish died to study the effect of oxygenation on survival time of mandarin fish and water quality in the oxygen filled package.The results showed that the dissolved oxygen levels were decreased,the free CO_(2 )levels were increased in water in the boxes filled with CO_(2 )gas with partial pressure of 0.1MPa,and the fish was anesthetized effectively at 360 s by CO_2.The dissolved oxygen levels were found to be increased in water,and the survival period of the mandarin fish was increased significantly in oxygen filled package as the oxygen pressure increased.There was no significant differences in dissolved oxygen,nitrite nitrogen and pH in water as the mandarin fish survival period prolonged,with the increased of the ammonia nitrogen in water,even the fish died,which indicated that the oxygenation and nitrogen content in water affected the survival period of the mandarin fish.Therefore,the mandarin fish was effectively anesthetized in the water filled with CO_2 gas with partial pressure of 0.1 MPa at water temperature of 18℃for 360 s,and the mandarin fish had high survival in the oxygen filled package filled with O_2 gas with partial pressure of 15 kPa.
To study the anesthetic effect of CO_2 on mandarin fish(Siniperca chuatsi)and oxygenation on survival of mandarin fish,mandarin fish was held at boxes filled with water.CO_2 gas and then O_2 gas with partial pressure of 0.1 MPa were injected to water to anesthetize the fish at water temperature of 18℃,which was to evaluate the anesthetic effect on the mandarin fish by CO_2 gas and the recovery of the mandarin fish by O_2 gas.When the mandarin fish was anesthetized,a mandarin fish and water were closed in a package filled with different pressure of oxygen until the fish died to study the effect of oxygenation on survival time of mandarin fish and water quality in the oxygen filled package.The results showed that the dissolved oxygen levels were decreased,the free CO_(2 )levels were increased in water in the boxes filled with CO_(2 )gas with partial pressure of 0.1MPa,and the fish was anesthetized effectively at 360 s by CO_2.The dissolved oxygen levels were found to be increased in water,and the survival period of the mandarin fish was increased significantly in oxygen filled package as the oxygen pressure increased.There was no significant differences in dissolved oxygen,nitrite nitrogen and pH in water as the mandarin fish survival period prolonged,with the increased of the ammonia nitrogen in water,even the fish died,which indicated that the oxygenation and nitrogen content in water affected the survival period of the mandarin fish.Therefore,the mandarin fish was effectively anesthetized in the water filled with CO_2 gas with partial pressure of 0.1 MPa at water temperature of 18℃for 360 s,and the mandarin fish had high survival in the oxygen filled package filled with O_2 gas with partial pressure of 15 kPa.
引文
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[19]余来宁,杨东,刘红艳,等.十二种淡水鱼类血红蛋白与窒息点的相关分析[J].动物学杂志,2017,52(3):478-484.
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[22]邓超准,黄永春,陈辉辉,等.体质量和温度对星洲红鱼耗氧率、排氨率和窒息点的影响[J].淡水渔业,2015,45(5):88-93.
[23]陈名帅.宰前二氧化碳处理对罗非鱼和金鲳鱼肉品质及应激性的影响[D].南宁:广西大学,2014.
[24]高银爱.鳜池主要水质因子变动规律及氨对鳜的毒性研究[D].武汉:华中农业大学,2008.
[25]郭丰红,汪之和,陈必文,等.分子氨和亚硝态氮对鳜鱼成鱼的急性毒性试验[J].食品科学,2009,30(23):397-400.
[26]THOMAS M L,MIEHAEL P M,JAMES R.Recirculating aquaculture tank production systems(an overview of critical considerations)[J].SRAC Publieation,1998,451:1-6.
[2]刘孝华.鳜鱼的生物学特性及人工养殖[J].安徽农业科学,2007,34(11):78-80.
[3]洪苑乾,胡月来,黄汉英,等.活鱼运输箱水质自动监控系统的研究[J].渔业现代化,2013,40(5):48-52.
[4]田朝阳.大力推广海水鱼闭式循环保活运输技术[J].渔业现代化,2003(2):35.
[5]聂小宝,张玉晗,孙小迪,等.活鱼运输的关键技术及其工艺方法[J].渔业现代化,2014,41(4):34-39.
[6]吴际萍,程君晖,王海霞,等.淡水活鱼运输现状及发展前景[J].农技服务,2008(3):72-73.
[7]任洁.二氧化碳和碳酸辅助活鱼运输[J].中国农村科技,2000(3):35.
[8]TANG S,THORARENSEN H,BRAUNER C J,et al.Modeling the accumulation of CO2 during high density,recirculating transport of adult Atlantic salmon,Salmo salar,from observations aboard asea-going eommercial live-haul vessel[J].Aquaculture,2009,296(12):288-292.
[9]周翠平,钟赛意,秦小明,等.CO2麻醉无水保活过程中罗非鱼主要呈味成分的变化[J].中国食品学报,2017,17(5):247-254.
[10]金一春,胡萍华,曲学伟,等.二氧化碳麻醉对白斑狗鱼的影响[J].湖南农业科学,2009(12):138-140.
[11]张志山,朱树人,安丽,等.丁香酚对翘嘴鲌的麻醉效果研究[J].长江大学学报(自科),2016,13(27):39-43.
[12]郭丰红,汪之和.MS-222对鳜鱼成鱼麻醉效果的研究[J].湖南农业科学,2009(7):150-153.
[13]水利部.游离二氧化碳的测定:SL 80-1994[S].北京:中国水电水利出版社,2009.
[14]环境保护部.水质氨氮的测定水杨酸分光光度法:HJ536-2009[S].北京:中国环境科学出版社,2010.
[15]国家环境保护局.水质亚硝酸盐氮的测定分光光度法:GB/T 7493-1987[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2004.
[16]YOSHIKAWA H,YOKOYAMA Y,UENO S,et al.Electroencephalographic spectral analysis in carp,Cyprinus carpio,anesthetized with high concentrations of carbon dioxide[J].Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A(Physiology),1991,98(3):437-444.
[17]陈名帅.宰前二氧化碳处理对罗非鱼和金鲳鱼肉品质及应激性的影响[D].南宁:广西大学,2014.
[18]王二龙,高启平,邓玉平,等.池塘水温溶氧变化规律及其对养殖鱼体生长的影响[J].科学养鱼,2017(6):21-23.
[19]余来宁,杨东,刘红艳,等.十二种淡水鱼类血红蛋白与窒息点的相关分析[J].动物学杂志,2017,52(3):478-484.
[20]司亚东,陈英鸿,曾继参.鳜鱼的耗氧率及其池塘养殖[J].水生生物学报,1995,41(4):327-332.
[21]杨凯,高银爱,袁勇超,等.赤眼鳟耗氧率、排氨率和窒息点的初步研究[J].淡水渔业,2017,47(5):9-13.
[22]邓超准,黄永春,陈辉辉,等.体质量和温度对星洲红鱼耗氧率、排氨率和窒息点的影响[J].淡水渔业,2015,45(5):88-93.
[23]陈名帅.宰前二氧化碳处理对罗非鱼和金鲳鱼肉品质及应激性的影响[D].南宁:广西大学,2014.
[24]高银爱.鳜池主要水质因子变动规律及氨对鳜的毒性研究[D].武汉:华中农业大学,2008.
[25]郭丰红,汪之和,陈必文,等.分子氨和亚硝态氮对鳜鱼成鱼的急性毒性试验[J].食品科学,2009,30(23):397-400.
[26]THOMAS M L,MIEHAEL P M,JAMES R.Recirculating aquaculture tank production systems(an overview of critical considerations)[J].SRAC Publieation,1998,451:1-6.