适用于交流长线路的动态相量时域短路电流计算方法研究
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摘要
目前,工程应用中的标准短路电流计算方法是基于网络元件稳态模型的简化实用方法,其交流分量计算结果表征的是短路电流的稳态解。当网络中含有超长交流线路或远距离线路加装串补时,其附近的短路电流将可能由于系统接近谐振条件呈现明显的过渡过程,简化实用方法将带来较大偏差。另外,简化实用方法只能用于计算短路点总电流的直流分量衰减时间常数,将该时间常数近似作为流过断路器支路的电流直流分量时间常数从原理上是不恰当的。该文提出一种基于动态相量模型时域仿真的短路电流计算方法,应用其能够较好"包络"电磁暂态时域解的特点,能够便捷地提取工程中需要的短路电流关键数值,不仅适用于模拟接近工频谐振条件导致的短路电流过渡过程,还适用于计算一般网络各支路的短路电流直流分量。同时该方法计算量远小于电磁暂态仿真,且能够方便的进行初始化,因而,可适用于大规模电力网络。
The standard simplified and practical short-circuit current calculation method is a based on the steady state model of network elements, and its calculation results represent the steady-state solution of short circuit current.When the network contains ultra long AC lines or series capacitive compensation, the short-circuit current near these components may show a clear transition process especially when system approaching resonance condition, and the standard method will bring a larger deviation in these cases. In addition, the standard method can only be used to calculate the time constant of the DC component of the total current at the fault point. It is improper in principle to regard it as that of the circuit breaker branch. A short circuit current calculation method based on the time domain simulation of dynamic phasor model was proposed. It can easily extract the critical value of short circuit current, not only suitable for simulating the short-circuit current transition process caused by the resonance condition, but also suitable for calculating the DC component of each branch of the network. The computational complexity of the method is much less than that of electromagnetic transient simulation, and it can be initialized conveniently by power flow result, so applicable for large-scale power networks.
The standard simplified and practical short-circuit current calculation method is a based on the steady state model of network elements, and its calculation results represent the steady-state solution of short circuit current.When the network contains ultra long AC lines or series capacitive compensation, the short-circuit current near these components may show a clear transition process especially when system approaching resonance condition, and the standard method will bring a larger deviation in these cases. In addition, the standard method can only be used to calculate the time constant of the DC component of the total current at the fault point. It is improper in principle to regard it as that of the circuit breaker branch. A short circuit current calculation method based on the time domain simulation of dynamic phasor model was proposed. It can easily extract the critical value of short circuit current, not only suitable for simulating the short-circuit current transition process caused by the resonance condition, but also suitable for calculating the DC component of each branch of the network. The computational complexity of the method is much less than that of electromagnetic transient simulation, and it can be initialized conveniently by power flow result, so applicable for large-scale power networks.
引文
[1]中华人民共和国国家质量监督检验检疫总局,中国国家标准化管理委员会.GB/T 15544.1-2013三相交流系统短路电流计算第1部分:电流计算[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2014.General Administration of Quality Supervision,Inspection and Quarantine of the People's Republic of China,Standardization Administration of China.GB/T15544.1-2013 Short-circuit current calculation in threephase a.c.systems-Part 1:calculation of currents[S].Beijing:Standards Press of China,2014(in Chinese).
[2]中华人民共和国国家质量监督检验检疫总局,中国国家标准化管理委员会.GB/T 15544.2-2017三相交流系统短路电流计算第2部分:短路电流计算应用的系数[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2018.General Administration of Quality Supervision,Inspection and Quarantine of the People's Republic of China,Standardization Administration of China.GB/T15544.2-2017 Short-circuit current calculation in threephase a.c.systems-Part 2:factors for the calculation of short-circuit currents[S].Beijing:Standards Press of China,2018(in Chinese).
[3]International Electrotechnical Commission.IEC 60909-0:2016 Short-circuit currents in three-phase a.c.systemsPart 0:calculation of currents[S].International Electrotechnical Commission,2016.
[4]IEEE Power and Energy Society.C37.010-1999 IEEEapplication guide for AC high-voltage circuit breakers rated on a symmetrical current basis[S].IEEE Power and Energy Society.
[5]中华人民共和国国家发展和改革委员会.DL/T5222-2005导体和电器选择设计技术规定[S].北京:中国电力出版社,2005.National Development and Reform Commission.DL/T5222-2005 Design technical rule for selecting conductor and electrical equipment[S].Beijing:China Electric Power Press,2005(in Chinese).
[6]张彦涛,秦晓辉,汤涌,等.输电线路工频动态相量模型在半波长交流输电系统机电暂态仿真中的应用研究[J].中国电机工程学报,2017,37(18):5294-5302,5528.Zhang Yantao,Qin Xiaohui,Tang Yong,et al.Half-wavelength system transients stability simulation using dynamic phasor model of AC transmission line[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2017,37(18):5294-5302,5528(in Chinese).
[7]张媛媛,王毅,韩彬,等.半波长输电线路潜供电弧工频谐振作用机理及优化控制方案[J].电网技术,2018,42(7):2073-2080.Zhang Yuanyuan,Wang Yi,Han Bin,et al.Power frequency resonance mechanism of secondary arc and its optimal control scheme for half-wave length transmission lines[J].Power System Technology,2018,42(7):2073-2080(in Chinese).
[8]张媛媛,王毅,韩彬,等.交流半波长输电系统功率波过电压形成机理与抑制策略[J].中国电机工程学报,2018,38(10):3116-3124.Zhang Yuanyuan,Wang Yi,Han Bin,et al.Formation mechanism and mitigation strategy of power fluctuation overvoltage for AC half-wave length transmission system[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2018,38(10):3116-3124(in Chinese).
[9]张启平,李晨光,万磊.半波长交流输电线路三相短路谐振点研究[J].电网技术,2017,41(9):2743-2748.Zhang Qiping,Li Chenguang,Wan Lei.Research on resonance point of three-phase short circuit fault on half-wavelength AC transmission lines[J].Power System Technology,2017,41(9):2743-2748(in Chinese).
[10]曹炜,陈春阳,周明.考虑直流分量的短路电流衰减实用计算方法研究[J].电网技术,2017,41(12):4054-4060.Cao Wei,Chen Chunyang,Zhou Ming.Study on practical calculation method of attenuated short-circuit current with the DC component considered[J].Power System Technology,2017,41(12):4054-4060(in Chinese).
[11]Venkatasubramanian V.Tools for dynamic analysis of the general large power system using time-varying phasors[J].International Journal of Electrical Power&Energy Systems,1994,16(6):365-376.
[12]黄胜利,周孝信.分布参数输电线路的时变动态相量模型及其仿真[J].中国电机工程学报,2002,22(11):1-5.Huang Shengli,Zhou Xiaoxin.The time-varyinm phasor model of the distributed parameter transmission line and its simulation[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2002,22(11):1-5(in Chinese).
[13]应迪生,张明,陈家荣.三相分布参数线路动态相量法的建模与仿真[J].中国电机工程学报,2007,27(34):46-51.Ying Disheng,Zhang Ming,Chen Jiarong.Modeling and simulation of 3-phase distribution parameter line using dynamic phasor[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2007,27(34):46-51(in Chinese).
[14]黄胜利,宋瑞华,赵宏图,等.应用动态相量模型分析高压直流输电引起的次同步振荡现象[J].中国电机工程学报,2003,23(7):1-4.Huang Shengli,Song Ruihua,Zhao Hongtu,et al.Analysis and simulating the SSO caused by HVDC using the time-varying dynamic phasor[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2003,23(7):1-4(in Chinese).
[15]何瑞文,蔡泽祥.结合谐波特征的可控串补动态相量法建模与特性分析[J].中国电机工程学报,2005,25(5):28-32.He Ruiwen,Cai Zexiang.Modeling and analysis of thyristor-controlled series capacitor with dynamic phasors considering harmonic characteristics[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2005,25(5):28-32(in Chinese).
[16]鲁晓军,林卫星,安婷,等.MMC电气系统动态相量模型统一建模方法及运行特性分析[J].中国电机工程学报,2016,36(20):5479-5491.Lu Xiaojun,Du Weixing,An Ting,et al.A unified dynamic phasor modeling and operating characteristic analysis of electrical system of MMC[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2016,36(20):5479-5491(in Chinese).
[17]Zhijun E,Fang D Z,Chan K W,et al.Hybrid simulation of power systems with SVC dynamic phasor model[J].International Journal of Electrical Power&Energy Systems,2009,31(5):175-180.
[18]Kim B J,Kum H J,Park J M,et al.Analysis,design and implementation of droop-controlled parallel-inverters using dynamic phasor model and SOGI-FLL in microgrid applications[J].Energies,2018,11(7):1683.
[19]Mudunkotuwa K,Filizadeh S.Co-simulation of electrical networks by interfacing EMT and dynamic-phasor simulators[J].Electric Power Systems Research,2018,163:423-429.
[20]Mai R K,Fu Ling,Dong Zhaoyang,et al.Dynamic phasor and frequency estimators considering decaying DCcomponents[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Systems,2012,27(2):671-681.
[21]黄纯,刘洁波,江亚群,等.考虑衰减直流分量的动态相量强跟踪测量算法[J].电力系统自动化,2018,42(11):136-142.Huang Chun,Liu Jiebo,Jiang Yaqun,et al.Strong tracking filter algorithm for dynamic phasor measurement considering decaying DC component[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2018,42(11):136-142(in Chinese).
[2]中华人民共和国国家质量监督检验检疫总局,中国国家标准化管理委员会.GB/T 15544.2-2017三相交流系统短路电流计算第2部分:短路电流计算应用的系数[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2018.General Administration of Quality Supervision,Inspection and Quarantine of the People's Republic of China,Standardization Administration of China.GB/T15544.2-2017 Short-circuit current calculation in threephase a.c.systems-Part 2:factors for the calculation of short-circuit currents[S].Beijing:Standards Press of China,2018(in Chinese).
[3]International Electrotechnical Commission.IEC 60909-0:2016 Short-circuit currents in three-phase a.c.systemsPart 0:calculation of currents[S].International Electrotechnical Commission,2016.
[4]IEEE Power and Energy Society.C37.010-1999 IEEEapplication guide for AC high-voltage circuit breakers rated on a symmetrical current basis[S].IEEE Power and Energy Society.
[5]中华人民共和国国家发展和改革委员会.DL/T5222-2005导体和电器选择设计技术规定[S].北京:中国电力出版社,2005.National Development and Reform Commission.DL/T5222-2005 Design technical rule for selecting conductor and electrical equipment[S].Beijing:China Electric Power Press,2005(in Chinese).
[6]张彦涛,秦晓辉,汤涌,等.输电线路工频动态相量模型在半波长交流输电系统机电暂态仿真中的应用研究[J].中国电机工程学报,2017,37(18):5294-5302,5528.Zhang Yantao,Qin Xiaohui,Tang Yong,et al.Half-wavelength system transients stability simulation using dynamic phasor model of AC transmission line[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2017,37(18):5294-5302,5528(in Chinese).
[7]张媛媛,王毅,韩彬,等.半波长输电线路潜供电弧工频谐振作用机理及优化控制方案[J].电网技术,2018,42(7):2073-2080.Zhang Yuanyuan,Wang Yi,Han Bin,et al.Power frequency resonance mechanism of secondary arc and its optimal control scheme for half-wave length transmission lines[J].Power System Technology,2018,42(7):2073-2080(in Chinese).
[8]张媛媛,王毅,韩彬,等.交流半波长输电系统功率波过电压形成机理与抑制策略[J].中国电机工程学报,2018,38(10):3116-3124.Zhang Yuanyuan,Wang Yi,Han Bin,et al.Formation mechanism and mitigation strategy of power fluctuation overvoltage for AC half-wave length transmission system[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2018,38(10):3116-3124(in Chinese).
[9]张启平,李晨光,万磊.半波长交流输电线路三相短路谐振点研究[J].电网技术,2017,41(9):2743-2748.Zhang Qiping,Li Chenguang,Wan Lei.Research on resonance point of three-phase short circuit fault on half-wavelength AC transmission lines[J].Power System Technology,2017,41(9):2743-2748(in Chinese).
[10]曹炜,陈春阳,周明.考虑直流分量的短路电流衰减实用计算方法研究[J].电网技术,2017,41(12):4054-4060.Cao Wei,Chen Chunyang,Zhou Ming.Study on practical calculation method of attenuated short-circuit current with the DC component considered[J].Power System Technology,2017,41(12):4054-4060(in Chinese).
[11]Venkatasubramanian V.Tools for dynamic analysis of the general large power system using time-varying phasors[J].International Journal of Electrical Power&Energy Systems,1994,16(6):365-376.
[12]黄胜利,周孝信.分布参数输电线路的时变动态相量模型及其仿真[J].中国电机工程学报,2002,22(11):1-5.Huang Shengli,Zhou Xiaoxin.The time-varyinm phasor model of the distributed parameter transmission line and its simulation[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2002,22(11):1-5(in Chinese).
[13]应迪生,张明,陈家荣.三相分布参数线路动态相量法的建模与仿真[J].中国电机工程学报,2007,27(34):46-51.Ying Disheng,Zhang Ming,Chen Jiarong.Modeling and simulation of 3-phase distribution parameter line using dynamic phasor[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2007,27(34):46-51(in Chinese).
[14]黄胜利,宋瑞华,赵宏图,等.应用动态相量模型分析高压直流输电引起的次同步振荡现象[J].中国电机工程学报,2003,23(7):1-4.Huang Shengli,Song Ruihua,Zhao Hongtu,et al.Analysis and simulating the SSO caused by HVDC using the time-varying dynamic phasor[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2003,23(7):1-4(in Chinese).
[15]何瑞文,蔡泽祥.结合谐波特征的可控串补动态相量法建模与特性分析[J].中国电机工程学报,2005,25(5):28-32.He Ruiwen,Cai Zexiang.Modeling and analysis of thyristor-controlled series capacitor with dynamic phasors considering harmonic characteristics[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2005,25(5):28-32(in Chinese).
[16]鲁晓军,林卫星,安婷,等.MMC电气系统动态相量模型统一建模方法及运行特性分析[J].中国电机工程学报,2016,36(20):5479-5491.Lu Xiaojun,Du Weixing,An Ting,et al.A unified dynamic phasor modeling and operating characteristic analysis of electrical system of MMC[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2016,36(20):5479-5491(in Chinese).
[17]Zhijun E,Fang D Z,Chan K W,et al.Hybrid simulation of power systems with SVC dynamic phasor model[J].International Journal of Electrical Power&Energy Systems,2009,31(5):175-180.
[18]Kim B J,Kum H J,Park J M,et al.Analysis,design and implementation of droop-controlled parallel-inverters using dynamic phasor model and SOGI-FLL in microgrid applications[J].Energies,2018,11(7):1683.
[19]Mudunkotuwa K,Filizadeh S.Co-simulation of electrical networks by interfacing EMT and dynamic-phasor simulators[J].Electric Power Systems Research,2018,163:423-429.
[20]Mai R K,Fu Ling,Dong Zhaoyang,et al.Dynamic phasor and frequency estimators considering decaying DCcomponents[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Systems,2012,27(2):671-681.
[21]黄纯,刘洁波,江亚群,等.考虑衰减直流分量的动态相量强跟踪测量算法[J].电力系统自动化,2018,42(11):136-142.Huang Chun,Liu Jiebo,Jiang Yaqun,et al.Strong tracking filter algorithm for dynamic phasor measurement considering decaying DC component[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2018,42(11):136-142(in Chinese).