矿用天线在矩形巷道中应用的最佳波束指标
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摘要
煤矿井巷中,如果天线的波束过宽,则难以有效抑制多径衰落、增大覆盖范围;反之,如果波束过窄,则容易使巷道的边缘区域得不到有效覆盖。利用多波模波导理论,讨论得出理想点源在巷道中的辐射场分布特性是制定矿用天线波束指标的理论依据。在此基础上,推导了井下理想点源的方向函数和半功率波瓣宽度。随后,统计计算结合相关仿真,讨论了巷道波导结构、介质壁电参数、载波频率和电磁波传播距离的影响。根据分析所得,结合相关推导与比较,给出了矿用天线的最佳波束指标:为明显改善巷道内的无线覆盖效果,矿用天线应辐射形状较扁的均值为π/2的Gaussian波束;且天线的半功率波瓣宽度至少要窄于理想点源辐射场在巷道第I,II传播区分界点处的波瓣宽度。
In a coal mine tunnel,if the antenna beam is too wide,it is difficult to effectively suppress the multi-path fading and to increase the coverage area. On the contrary,if the antenna beam is too narrow,the edge areas of the tunnel cannot be well covered. Based on the theory of multimode waveguide,it is discussed and concluded that the radiation characteristics of the ideal point source in the tunnel is the theoretical basis for the formulation of mine antenna beam index. Then the direction function and the half power beam width of the ideal point source in the underground roadway are derived. On this basis,and by the statistical calculations and simulations,the influences of the tunnel waveguide structure,the dielectric parameters of the tunnel walls,the carrier frequency and the propagation distance are discussed. According to the analysis,and combining with the mathematical derivation and comparison,the optimum beam index of the mine antenna is given. The results show that in order to improve the wireless coverage significantly,the mine antenna should radiate flat π/2-mean Gaussian beam. Meanwhile,the half power beam width must be at least narrower than that of the ideal point source when its radiated fields propagate to the break point of section I and II in the tunnel.
In a coal mine tunnel,if the antenna beam is too wide,it is difficult to effectively suppress the multi-path fading and to increase the coverage area. On the contrary,if the antenna beam is too narrow,the edge areas of the tunnel cannot be well covered. Based on the theory of multimode waveguide,it is discussed and concluded that the radiation characteristics of the ideal point source in the tunnel is the theoretical basis for the formulation of mine antenna beam index. Then the direction function and the half power beam width of the ideal point source in the underground roadway are derived. On this basis,and by the statistical calculations and simulations,the influences of the tunnel waveguide structure,the dielectric parameters of the tunnel walls,the carrier frequency and the propagation distance are discussed. According to the analysis,and combining with the mathematical derivation and comparison,the optimum beam index of the mine antenna is given. The results show that in order to improve the wireless coverage significantly,the mine antenna should radiate flat π/2-mean Gaussian beam. Meanwhile,the half power beam width must be at least narrower than that of the ideal point source when its radiated fields propagate to the break point of section I and II in the tunnel.
引文
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[19]王昕,丁恩杰,胡克想,等.煤岩散射特性对探地雷达探测煤岩界面的影响[J].中国矿业大学学报,2016,45(1):34-41.WANG Xin,DING Enjie,HU Kexiang,et al.Effects of coal-rock scattering characteristics on the GPR detection of coal-rock interface[J].Journal of China University of Mining&Technology,2016,45(1):34-41.
[20]保罗·德隆涅.漏泄馈线和地下无线电通信[M].北京:人民邮电出版社,1988:5-8.PAUL Delogne.Leaky feeders and subsurface radio communications[M].Beijing:People’s Posts and Telecommunications Press,1988:5-8.
[2]胡青松,张申,吴立新,等.矿井动目标定位:挑战、现状与趋势[J].煤炭学报,2016,41(5):1059-1068.HU Qingsong,ZHANG Shen,WU Lixin,et al.Localization techniques of mobile objects in coal mines:challenges,solutions and trends[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2016,41(5):1059-1068.
[3]FOROOSHANI A E,LEE C Y T,MICHELSON D G.Effect of antenna configuration on MIMO-Based access points in a short tunnel with infrastructure[J].IEEE Transaction on Communications,2016,64(5):1942-1951.
[4]HUO Y,XU Z,ZHENG H D,et al.Effect of antenna on propagation characteristics of electromagnetic waves in tunnel environments[A].Proceedings of Prime Asia[C].New York:Prime Asia,2009.
[5]ALESSANDRO C,BRUNO S.Using a pair of phased antennas to improve UHF reception/transmission in tunnels[J].IEEE Antenna and Propagation Magazine,2000,42(5):40-47.
[6]MABROUK I B,SALIM A,NEDIL M,et al.Effect of antenna directivity on adaptive modulation in an underground mine gallery effet de directivitéd’antenne sur la modulation adaptative dans une galerie de mine souterraine[J].Canadian Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering,2014,37(4):222-227.
[7]SUN Z,AKYIDIZ I F.Channel modeling and analysis for wireless networks in underground mines and road tunnels[J].IEEE Transaction on Communications,2010,58(6):1758-1768.
[8]霍羽,徐钊,郑红党.矩形隧道中的多波模传播特性[J].电波科学学报,2010,25(6):1225-1230.HUO Yu,XU Zhao,ZHENG Hongdang.Characteristics of multimode propagation in rectangular tunnels[J].Chinese Journal of Radio Science,2010,25(6):1225-1230.
[9]ZHOU C M.Ray tracing and modal methods for modeling radio propagation in tunnels with rough walls[J].IEEE Transaction on Antennas and Propagation,2017,DOI:10.1109/TAP.2017.2677398.
[10]FUSCHINI F,FALCIASECCA G.A mixed rays-modes approach to the propagation in real road and railway tunnels[J].IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation,2012,60(2):1095-1105.
[11]LIU W D,ZHANG Z J,TIAN Z J,et al.A bidirectional highgain cascaded ring antenna for communication in coal mine[J].IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters,2013,12:761-764.
[12]LIU L S,ZHANG Z J,TIAN Z J,et al.A bidirectional endfire array with compact antenna elements for coal mine/tunnel communication[J].IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters,2012,12:342-345.
[13]王婷婷,徐钊.一种矿用定向天线设计[J].工矿自动化,2016,42(2):55-57.WANG Tingting,XU Zhao.Design of a mine-used directional antenna[J].Industry and Mine Automation,2016,42(2):55-57.
[14]霍羽,刘逢雪,徐钊.煤矿井巷天线位置对辐射场分布的影响[J].煤炭学报,2013,38(4):715-720.HUO Yu,LIU Fengxue,XU Zhao.Effect of antenna location on radiation field distribution in coal mine tunnels[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2013,38(4):715-720.
[15]孙继平,高美凤.矩形巷道中对称振子天线辐射特性的研究[J].煤炭学报,2010,35(12):2121-2124.SUN Jiping,GAO Meifeng.Research on the radiation characteristics of symmetrical dipole antenna in rectangular tunnel[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2010,35(12):2121-2124.
[16]BASHIR S.Effect of antenna position and polarization on UWB propagation channel in underground mines and tunnels[J].IEEE Transaction on Antennas and Propagation,2014,62(9):4771-4778.
[17]FOROOSHANI A E,NOGHANIAN S,MICHELSON D G.Characterization of angular spread in underground tunnels based on the multimode waveguide model[J].IEEE Transaction on Communications,2014,62(11):4126-4132.
[18]霍羽,徐钊,刘逢雪.融合波模和射线理论的矿井电波传播模型[J].电子学报,2013,41(1):110-116.HUO Yu,XU Zhao,LIU Fengxue.A wave propagation model combined the modal theory and ray theory in coal mine tunnels[J].Chinese Journal of Electronics,2013,41(1):110-116.
[19]王昕,丁恩杰,胡克想,等.煤岩散射特性对探地雷达探测煤岩界面的影响[J].中国矿业大学学报,2016,45(1):34-41.WANG Xin,DING Enjie,HU Kexiang,et al.Effects of coal-rock scattering characteristics on the GPR detection of coal-rock interface[J].Journal of China University of Mining&Technology,2016,45(1):34-41.
[20]保罗·德隆涅.漏泄馈线和地下无线电通信[M].北京:人民邮电出版社,1988:5-8.PAUL Delogne.Leaky feeders and subsurface radio communications[M].Beijing:People’s Posts and Telecommunications Press,1988:5-8.