MC-CDMA粒子群多用户检测在井下带状空间的性能分析
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摘要
矿井巷道无线传输系统中基站检测用户信息的准确度对井下安全监测和安全作业至关重要,为此提出上行链路多载波码分多址(MC-CDMA)多用户检测方案来改善信息传输的可靠性.矿井巷道MC-CDMA系统中当多个用户同时向基站发送信息时,用户不同符号在不同子载波上经历相互独立的衰落,破坏了用户间扩频码的正交性,引起多址干扰.针对矿井巷道带状结构的特点,提出了一种矿井巷道MC-CDMA粒子群多用户检测(PSO-MUD)算法.PSO-MUD将常规的正交恢复合并检测(ORC)或解相关多用户检测(D-MUD)的输出作为第一次迭代第一个粒子的输入,通过迭代更新每个粒子位置,从而找到使目标函数取得最大值时对应的最佳粒子的位置作为检测结果.结果表明:相比于MC-CDMA常规ORC和D-MUD,采用所提出的MC-CDMA粒子群多用户检测显著地改善了矿井巷道MC-CDMA系统的无线传输性能,检测效果接近于最佳多用户检测.同时,相比于最佳多用户检测(O-MUD)所提出的粒子群多用户检测算法具有收敛速度快、复杂度低的特点,有利于矿井巷道MC-CDMA高效、实时的无线传输.
The accuracy of user information detected by base station is very important for safety monitoring and safety operation under mine tunnel.In this paper,multi-carrier code division multiple access(MC-CDMA)uplink multiuser detection was proposed to improve the reliability of information transmission.When multiple users send signals to the base station at the same time,the symbols of different users experience independent fading on different subcarriers,which may destroy the orthogonality of the spreading codes among users,causing multiple access interference and reducing the performance of wireless transmission.Therefore,according to the banded structure of underground mine tunnels,aparticle swarm optimization multiuser detector(PSO-MUD)for MC-CDMA in mine tunnel was presented.PSO-MUD detection takes the output of conventional orthogonal recovery combining(ORC)or decorrelating multiuser detector(D-MUD)as the input for the first particle in the first iteration.Decorrelating particleswarm optimization(D-PSO)detection finds the best particle position whose position maximizes the objective function as the information of users by constantly updating the position of particles with iterations.Simulation results show that compared with the ORC and D-MUD detector of MC-CDMA,the proposed PSO-MUD detector improves the performance of MC-CDMA system in mine tunnel significantly which is close to that of optimal multiuser detection(OMUD).Mean,while has the properties of fast convergence speed and low complexity compared with O-MUD detectors,which will certainly benefit the efficient and real-time wireless transmission of MC-CDMA system in mine tunnel.
The accuracy of user information detected by base station is very important for safety monitoring and safety operation under mine tunnel.In this paper,multi-carrier code division multiple access(MC-CDMA)uplink multiuser detection was proposed to improve the reliability of information transmission.When multiple users send signals to the base station at the same time,the symbols of different users experience independent fading on different subcarriers,which may destroy the orthogonality of the spreading codes among users,causing multiple access interference and reducing the performance of wireless transmission.Therefore,according to the banded structure of underground mine tunnels,aparticle swarm optimization multiuser detector(PSO-MUD)for MC-CDMA in mine tunnel was presented.PSO-MUD detection takes the output of conventional orthogonal recovery combining(ORC)or decorrelating multiuser detector(D-MUD)as the input for the first particle in the first iteration.Decorrelating particleswarm optimization(D-PSO)detection finds the best particle position whose position maximizes the objective function as the information of users by constantly updating the position of particles with iterations.Simulation results show that compared with the ORC and D-MUD detector of MC-CDMA,the proposed PSO-MUD detector improves the performance of MC-CDMA system in mine tunnel significantly which is close to that of optimal multiuser detection(OMUD).Mean,while has the properties of fast convergence speed and low complexity compared with O-MUD detectors,which will certainly benefit the efficient and real-time wireless transmission of MC-CDMA system in mine tunnel.
引文
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[17]CHOUDHRY M A S,ZUBAIR M,QURESHI I M.Particle swarm optimization based MUD for overloaded MC-CDMA system[C].Piscataway:IEEE,2010:1-5.
[18]HUNTER T E,NOSRATINIA A.Distributed protocols for user cooperation in multi-user wireless networks[C].Piscataway:IEEE,2004:3788-3972.
[19]SOO K K,SIU Y M.,CHAN W S.Particle swarm optimization based multiuser detector for CDMA communications[J].IEEE Vehicular Technology Society,2007,56(5):3006-3013.
[20]LIU Hongwu,LI Ji.A particle swarm optimizationbased multiuser detection for receive-diversity-aided STBC systems[J].IEEE Signal Processing Society,2008,15:29-32.
[2]韩睿松,杨维.基于改进粒子群优化的井下WMSN覆盖增强算法[J].中国矿业大学学报,2016,45(1):170-175.HAN Ruisong,YANG Wei.A coverage-enhancing algorithm based on improved particle swarm optimization for WMSN of underground coal mine[J].Journal of China University of Mining&Technology,2016,45(1):170-175.
[3]ZHANG Yu,YANG Wei,HAN Dongsheng,et al.An integrated environment monitoring system for underground coal mines:Wireless sensor network subsystem with multi-parameter monitoring[J].Sensors,2014,14,13149-13170.
[4]杨维,周青青,张玉.改进MC-CDMA调制在矿井巷道信道下的性能分析[J].中国矿业大学学报,2011,40(2):221-226.YANG Wei,ZHOU Qingqing,ZHANG Yu.Performance analysis of modified MC-CDMA modulation used in mine tunnel[J].Journal of China University of Mining&Technology,2011,40(2):221-226.
[5]MENG Yan,WANG Jinkuan,HAN Yinghua,et al.A subspace semi-blind adaptive multiuser detection algorithm based on kalman filter for MC-CDMA uplink[C].Piscataway:IEEE,2006:1-4.
[6]ZHANG Jiankang,CHEN Sheng,MU Xiaomin,et al.evolutionary-algorithm-assisted joint channel estimation and turbo multiuser detection for OFDM/SDMA[J].IEEE Vehicular Technology Society,2014,63(3):1204-1222.
[7]PRASAD R,HARA S.An overview of multi-carrier CDMA[C].Piscataway:IEEE,1996:107-114.
[8]YAO W,CHEN S,HANZO L.Generalized MBERbased vector precoding design for multiuser transmission[J].IEEE Vehicular Technology Society,2011,60(2):739-745.
[9]LONG Yinfang,ZHAO Zhijin,SHEN Lei.A multiuser detection for MC-CDMA system based on particle swarm optimization algorithm with hopfield neural network[C].Piscataway:IEEE,2009:283-286.
[10]GAO Hongyuan,DIAO Ming.Quantum particle swarm optimization for MC-CDMA multiuser detection[C].Piscataway:IEEE,2009:132-136.
[11]TSAI C Y,HUNG H L,LEE S H.Electromagnetism-like method based blind multiuser detection for MC-CDMA interference suppression over multipath fading channel[C].Piscataway:IEEE,2010:470-475.
[12]胡青松,吴立新,张申,等.煤矿工作面定位WSN的部署与能耗分析[J].中国矿业大学学报,2014,43(2):351-355.HU Qingsong,WU Lixin,ZHANG Shen,et al.Placement of positioning WSN in coal face and energy consumption analysis[J].Journal of China University of Mining&Technology,2014,43(2):351-355.
[13]SENDONARIS A,ERKIP E,AAZHANG B.User cooperation diversity,part I:system description[J].IEEE Transactions on Communications,2003,51(11):1927-1938.
[14]ZHI Sun,AKYILDIZI F.A mode-based approach for channel modeling in underground tunnels under the impact of vehicular traffic flow[J].IEEE Transactions on Communications,2011,10(10):3222-3231.
[15]XU Jingjing,YANG Wei,ZHANG Linyuan,et al.Multi-sensor detection with particle swarm optimization for time-frequency coded cooperative WSNs based on MC-CDMA for underground coal mines[J].Sensors,2015,15(9):21134-21152.
[16]ZHI Sun,AKYILDIZI F.Channel modeling and analysis for wireless networks in underground mines and road tunnels[J].IEEE Transactions on Communications,2010,58(6):1758-1768.
[17]CHOUDHRY M A S,ZUBAIR M,QURESHI I M.Particle swarm optimization based MUD for overloaded MC-CDMA system[C].Piscataway:IEEE,2010:1-5.
[18]HUNTER T E,NOSRATINIA A.Distributed protocols for user cooperation in multi-user wireless networks[C].Piscataway:IEEE,2004:3788-3972.
[19]SOO K K,SIU Y M.,CHAN W S.Particle swarm optimization based multiuser detector for CDMA communications[J].IEEE Vehicular Technology Society,2007,56(5):3006-3013.
[20]LIU Hongwu,LI Ji.A particle swarm optimizationbased multiuser detection for receive-diversity-aided STBC systems[J].IEEE Signal Processing Society,2008,15:29-32.