燃煤净烟气中共存杂质对膜法捕集CO_2影响现状
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摘要
膜法捕集CO_2是现役燃煤电厂碳减排的重要手段之一,在实际应用中膜法捕集系统通常适合安装在湿法脱硫系统下游,鉴于脱硫净烟气中的颗粒物及气态污染物难以完全脱除,同时水汽接近饱和状态,气相中的共存杂质以及吸收液组分与膜及膜材料相互作用,会对膜法捕集CO_2性能造成严重影响。本文综述了烟气中共存气态、颗粒物组分及液相吸收剂对膜分离、膜吸收宏观性能、膜微结构及材质的影响,以及燃煤脱硫净烟气环境下膜法捕集CO_2长期运行性能及变化规律的研究现状,指出了抑制膜失效的技术方法,以期为突破膜法捕集CO_2技术发展的瓶颈,实现膜的稳定高效运行提供参考。
Membrane CO_2 capture is one of the important methods to reduce carbon emission in existing coal-fired power plants. In industrial application, the membrane capture system is usually suitable to be installed in the downstream of wet desulphurization system. However, it is difficult to remove all the fine particles and gaseous pollutants from the flue gas, and the water vapor is close to saturation. The co-existing impurities in the gas phase as well as the absorption liquid component have interaction with the membrane and membrane material, which will cause serious influence on the efficiency of membrane CO_2 capture. The effects of co-existing gaseous, particulate and liquid phase absorbents on membrane separation, macroscopic properties of membrane absorption, membrane microstructures and materials were reviewed in this paper. Furthermore, the characteristic of membrane capture performance in a long term operation under the desulfurized flue gas conditions were summarized, and the technical methods to inhibit membrane failure were pointed out. It will provide a reference for breaking through the bottleneck of membrane technology for capturing CO_2 and achieve stable and efficient operation of membrane.
Membrane CO_2 capture is one of the important methods to reduce carbon emission in existing coal-fired power plants. In industrial application, the membrane capture system is usually suitable to be installed in the downstream of wet desulphurization system. However, it is difficult to remove all the fine particles and gaseous pollutants from the flue gas, and the water vapor is close to saturation. The co-existing impurities in the gas phase as well as the absorption liquid component have interaction with the membrane and membrane material, which will cause serious influence on the efficiency of membrane CO_2 capture. The effects of co-existing gaseous, particulate and liquid phase absorbents on membrane separation, macroscopic properties of membrane absorption, membrane microstructures and materials were reviewed in this paper. Furthermore, the characteristic of membrane capture performance in a long term operation under the desulfurized flue gas conditions were summarized, and the technical methods to inhibit membrane failure were pointed out. It will provide a reference for breaking through the bottleneck of membrane technology for capturing CO_2 and achieve stable and efficient operation of membrane.
引文
[1] HOFF K A, SVENDSEN H F. CO2absorption with membrane contactors vs. packed absorbers-challenges and opportunities in post combustion capture and natural gas sweetening[J]. Energy Procedia,2013, 37:952-960.
[2] MERKEL T C, LIN H Q, WEI X T, et al. Power plant post-combustion carbon dioxide capture:an opportunity for membranes[J]. Journal of Membrane Science, 2010, 359:126-139.
[3] YANG L J, BAO J J, YAN J P, et al. Removal of fine particles in wet flue gas desulfurization system by heterogeneous condensation[J].Chemical Engineering Journal, 2010, 156:25-32.
[4] SCHOLES C A, KENTISH S E, STEVENS G W. The effect of condensable minor components on the gas separation performance of polymeric membranes for carbon dioxide capture[J]. Energy Procedia,2009, 1(1):311-317.
[5] SCHOLES C A, KENTISH S E, STEVENS G W. Effects of minor components in carbon dioxide capture using polymeric gas separation membranes[J]. Separation&Purification Reviews, 2009, 38:1-44.
[6] FANG Y, NOVAK P J, HOZALSKI R M, et al. Condensation studies in gas permeable membranes[J]. Journal of Membrane Science, 2004,231:47-55.
[7] OKABE K, MATSUMIYA N, MANO H. Stability of gel-supported facilitated transport membrane for carbon dioxide separation from model flue gas[J]. Separation&Purification Technology, 2007, 57(2):242-249.
[8]兰新生,苏长华,周易谦.石灰石/石膏湿法脱硫系统净烟气中SO3(硫酸雾)来源的讨论[J].电力环境保护, 2006, 22(6):34-36.LAN Xinsheng, SU Changhua, ZHOU Yiqian. Discussion on the source of suifur trioxide(sulfuric acid mist)in flue gas streams after WFGD system[J]. Electric Power Environmental Protection, 2006, 22(6):34-36.
[9] ZHANG J, XIAO P, LI G, et al. Effect of flue gas impurities on CO2capture performance from flue gas at coal-fired power stations by vacuum swing adsorption[J]. Energy Procedia, 2009, 1(1):1115-1122.
[10] ZHANG Lin, LI Juan, ZHOU Lei, et al. Fouling of impurities in desulfurized flue gas on hollow fiber membrane absorption for CO2capture[J]. Indurstrial&Engineering Chemistry Research, 2016, 55(29):8002-8010.
[11] CHABANON E, ROIZARD D, FAVRE E. Membrane contactors for post-combustion carbon dioxide capture:a comparative study of wetting resistance on long time scales[J]. Industrial&Engineering Chemistry Research, 2011, 50(13):8237-8244.
[12] MOHEBI S, MOUSAVI S M, KIANI S. Modeling and simulation of sour gas membrane-absorption system:influence of operational parameters on species removal[J]. Journal of Natural Gas Science&Engineering, 2009, 1(6):195-204.
[13] ZHANG Lin, WANG Xia, YU Ran, et al. Hollow fiber membrane separation process in the presence of gaseous and particle impurities for post-combustion CO2capture[J]. International Journal of Green Energy, 2017, 14(1):15-23.
[14] BRANDS K, UHLMANN D, SMART S, et al. Long-term flue gas exposure effects of silica membranes on porous steel substrate[J].Journal of Membrane Science, 2010, 359:110-114.
[15] BRAM M, BRANDS K, DEMEUSY T, et al. Testing of nanostructured gas separation membranes in the flue gas of a post-combustion power plant[J]. International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control, 2011, 5:37-48.
[16]陈浩.燃煤烟气中共存气态组份和细颗粒物对膜分离CO2的影响研究[D].南京:东南大学, 2014.CHEN Hao. Invetigation on effect of fine particles and coexistent gaseous components on carbon dioxide capture by membranes[D].Nanjing:Southeast University, 2014.
[17] WANG Xia, CHEN Hao, ZHANG Lin, et al. Effects of coexistent gaseous components and fine particles in the flue gas on CO2separation by flat-sheet polysulfone membranes[J]. Journal of Membrane Science, 2014, 470(23):237-245.
[18]张琳,胡斌,王霞,等. PI中空纤维膜分离模拟燃煤脱硫烟气中的CO2[J].中国电机工程学报, 2017, 37(9):2637-2643.ZHANG Lin, HU Bin, WANG Xia, et al. CO2separation by PI hollow fiber membrane from desulfurized flue gas[J]. Proceedings of the CSEE, 2017, 37(9):2637-2643.
[19] ZHANG Lin, QUE Rumin, SHA Yan, et al. Membrane gas absorption for CO2capture from flue gas containing fine particles and gaseous contaminants[J]. International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control,2015, 33:10-17.
[20] ZHANG Lin, BIN Hu, SONG Hang, et al. Colloidal force study of particle fouling on gas capture membrane[J]. Scientific Reports, 2017,7(1):12939-12950.
[21] ATCHARIYAWUT S, FENG C, WANG R, et al. Effect of membrane structure on mass-transfer in the membrane gas-liquid contacting process using microporous PVDF hollow fibers[J]. Journal of Membrane Science, 2006, 285(1/2):272-281.
[22] FISHER L R, GAMBLE R A, MIDDLEHURST J. The Kelvin equation and the capillary condensation of water[J]. Nature, 1981, 290(1):575-576.
[23] KESHAVARZ P, FATHIKALAJAHI J, AYATOLLAHI S. Analysis of CO2separation and simulation of a partially wetted hollow fiber membrane contactor[J]. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 2008, 152(3):1237-1247.
[24] WANG R, ZHANG H Y, FERON P H M, et al. Influence of membrane wetting on CO2capture in microporous hollow fiber membrane contactors[J]. Separation and Purification Technology, 2005, 46(1/2):33-40.
[25] RANGWALA H A. Absorption of carbon dioxide into aqueous solutions using hollow fiber membrane contactors[J]. Journal of Membrane Science, 1996, 112(2):229-240.
[26]陆建刚,王连军,刘晓东,等.湿润率对疏水性膜接触器传质性能的影响[J].高等学校化学学报, 2005, 26(5):912-917.LU Jiangang, WANG Lianjun, LIU Xiaodong, et al. Effect of wettability on mass transfer performance of hydrophobic membrane contactor[J]. Chemical Research in Chinese Universities, 2005, 26(5):912-917.
[27] KHAISRI S, DEMONTIGNY D, et al. Comparing membrane resistance and absorption performance of three different membranes in a gas absorption membrane contactor[J]. Separation&Purification Technology, 2009, 65(3):290-297.
[28] LV Y, YU X, TU S T, et al. Wetting of polypropylene hollow fiber membrane contactors[J]. Journal of Membrane Science, 2010, 362(1/2):444-452.
[2] MERKEL T C, LIN H Q, WEI X T, et al. Power plant post-combustion carbon dioxide capture:an opportunity for membranes[J]. Journal of Membrane Science, 2010, 359:126-139.
[3] YANG L J, BAO J J, YAN J P, et al. Removal of fine particles in wet flue gas desulfurization system by heterogeneous condensation[J].Chemical Engineering Journal, 2010, 156:25-32.
[4] SCHOLES C A, KENTISH S E, STEVENS G W. The effect of condensable minor components on the gas separation performance of polymeric membranes for carbon dioxide capture[J]. Energy Procedia,2009, 1(1):311-317.
[5] SCHOLES C A, KENTISH S E, STEVENS G W. Effects of minor components in carbon dioxide capture using polymeric gas separation membranes[J]. Separation&Purification Reviews, 2009, 38:1-44.
[6] FANG Y, NOVAK P J, HOZALSKI R M, et al. Condensation studies in gas permeable membranes[J]. Journal of Membrane Science, 2004,231:47-55.
[7] OKABE K, MATSUMIYA N, MANO H. Stability of gel-supported facilitated transport membrane for carbon dioxide separation from model flue gas[J]. Separation&Purification Technology, 2007, 57(2):242-249.
[8]兰新生,苏长华,周易谦.石灰石/石膏湿法脱硫系统净烟气中SO3(硫酸雾)来源的讨论[J].电力环境保护, 2006, 22(6):34-36.LAN Xinsheng, SU Changhua, ZHOU Yiqian. Discussion on the source of suifur trioxide(sulfuric acid mist)in flue gas streams after WFGD system[J]. Electric Power Environmental Protection, 2006, 22(6):34-36.
[9] ZHANG J, XIAO P, LI G, et al. Effect of flue gas impurities on CO2capture performance from flue gas at coal-fired power stations by vacuum swing adsorption[J]. Energy Procedia, 2009, 1(1):1115-1122.
[10] ZHANG Lin, LI Juan, ZHOU Lei, et al. Fouling of impurities in desulfurized flue gas on hollow fiber membrane absorption for CO2capture[J]. Indurstrial&Engineering Chemistry Research, 2016, 55(29):8002-8010.
[11] CHABANON E, ROIZARD D, FAVRE E. Membrane contactors for post-combustion carbon dioxide capture:a comparative study of wetting resistance on long time scales[J]. Industrial&Engineering Chemistry Research, 2011, 50(13):8237-8244.
[12] MOHEBI S, MOUSAVI S M, KIANI S. Modeling and simulation of sour gas membrane-absorption system:influence of operational parameters on species removal[J]. Journal of Natural Gas Science&Engineering, 2009, 1(6):195-204.
[13] ZHANG Lin, WANG Xia, YU Ran, et al. Hollow fiber membrane separation process in the presence of gaseous and particle impurities for post-combustion CO2capture[J]. International Journal of Green Energy, 2017, 14(1):15-23.
[14] BRANDS K, UHLMANN D, SMART S, et al. Long-term flue gas exposure effects of silica membranes on porous steel substrate[J].Journal of Membrane Science, 2010, 359:110-114.
[15] BRAM M, BRANDS K, DEMEUSY T, et al. Testing of nanostructured gas separation membranes in the flue gas of a post-combustion power plant[J]. International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control, 2011, 5:37-48.
[16]陈浩.燃煤烟气中共存气态组份和细颗粒物对膜分离CO2的影响研究[D].南京:东南大学, 2014.CHEN Hao. Invetigation on effect of fine particles and coexistent gaseous components on carbon dioxide capture by membranes[D].Nanjing:Southeast University, 2014.
[17] WANG Xia, CHEN Hao, ZHANG Lin, et al. Effects of coexistent gaseous components and fine particles in the flue gas on CO2separation by flat-sheet polysulfone membranes[J]. Journal of Membrane Science, 2014, 470(23):237-245.
[18]张琳,胡斌,王霞,等. PI中空纤维膜分离模拟燃煤脱硫烟气中的CO2[J].中国电机工程学报, 2017, 37(9):2637-2643.ZHANG Lin, HU Bin, WANG Xia, et al. CO2separation by PI hollow fiber membrane from desulfurized flue gas[J]. Proceedings of the CSEE, 2017, 37(9):2637-2643.
[19] ZHANG Lin, QUE Rumin, SHA Yan, et al. Membrane gas absorption for CO2capture from flue gas containing fine particles and gaseous contaminants[J]. International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control,2015, 33:10-17.
[20] ZHANG Lin, BIN Hu, SONG Hang, et al. Colloidal force study of particle fouling on gas capture membrane[J]. Scientific Reports, 2017,7(1):12939-12950.
[21] ATCHARIYAWUT S, FENG C, WANG R, et al. Effect of membrane structure on mass-transfer in the membrane gas-liquid contacting process using microporous PVDF hollow fibers[J]. Journal of Membrane Science, 2006, 285(1/2):272-281.
[22] FISHER L R, GAMBLE R A, MIDDLEHURST J. The Kelvin equation and the capillary condensation of water[J]. Nature, 1981, 290(1):575-576.
[23] KESHAVARZ P, FATHIKALAJAHI J, AYATOLLAHI S. Analysis of CO2separation and simulation of a partially wetted hollow fiber membrane contactor[J]. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 2008, 152(3):1237-1247.
[24] WANG R, ZHANG H Y, FERON P H M, et al. Influence of membrane wetting on CO2capture in microporous hollow fiber membrane contactors[J]. Separation and Purification Technology, 2005, 46(1/2):33-40.
[25] RANGWALA H A. Absorption of carbon dioxide into aqueous solutions using hollow fiber membrane contactors[J]. Journal of Membrane Science, 1996, 112(2):229-240.
[26]陆建刚,王连军,刘晓东,等.湿润率对疏水性膜接触器传质性能的影响[J].高等学校化学学报, 2005, 26(5):912-917.LU Jiangang, WANG Lianjun, LIU Xiaodong, et al. Effect of wettability on mass transfer performance of hydrophobic membrane contactor[J]. Chemical Research in Chinese Universities, 2005, 26(5):912-917.
[27] KHAISRI S, DEMONTIGNY D, et al. Comparing membrane resistance and absorption performance of three different membranes in a gas absorption membrane contactor[J]. Separation&Purification Technology, 2009, 65(3):290-297.
[28] LV Y, YU X, TU S T, et al. Wetting of polypropylene hollow fiber membrane contactors[J]. Journal of Membrane Science, 2010, 362(1/2):444-452.