黑土区水稻光合物质生产特性对耗水过程的响应
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摘要
为了探究黑土区水稻光合物质生产特性对耗水过程的响应规律,于2017年在黑龙江省水稻灌溉试验站的蒸渗仪内进行了水稻耗水试验。采用U_7(7~6)均匀试验设计,解析了各生育时期耗水量(ET_1～ET_6,分别表示分蘖前期、分蘖中期、分蘖后期、拔节孕穗期、抽穗开花期、乳熟期耗水量)对水稻光合物质生产特性的影响。结果表明:ET_1、ET_6对水稻成穗率影响不显著,ET_2～ET_5对水稻成穗率有显著影响,其影响由大到小依次为ET_4、ET_5、ET_3、ET_2;ET_3与叶面积指数呈显著正相关;叶片光合势对ET_4的响应最为敏感;ET_3与有效叶面积率呈显著正相关,ET_4与有效叶面积率、高效叶面积率的正相关关系达显著水平(P<0.05);ET_5与阶段最大干物质积累量及群体生长速率呈显著正相关;ET_1、ET_3和ET_6对茎鞘物质输出率影响不显著,ET_2、ET_4和ET_5对其影响达显著水平(P<0.05),其影响由大到小依次为ET_5、ET_2、ET_4;对于茎鞘物质转化率,ET_1、ET_4对其影响不显著,其他时期耗水量对其影响达显著水平(P<0.05),其影响由大到小依次为ET_5、ET_6、ET_3、ET_2,ET_3对茎鞘物质转化率的影响为负效应;叶片气孔导度、蒸腾速率、叶绿素含量与净光合速率均存在线性关系,胞间CO_2浓度与净光合速率呈二次函数曲线关系;叶片叶绿素含量、净光合速率对ET_4、ET_5的响应关系均达极显著水平(P<0.01),ET_3对净光合速率存在显著负效应。
In order to explore the response of photosynthate production characteristics of rice to water consumption process in black soil region,the experiment was carried out by lysimeter at the rice irrigation experiment station of Heilongjiang Province in 2017.The U_7(7~6)experiment was conducted to analyze the effects of water consumption at each stage on photosynthate production characteristics of rice.The results showed that the effect of water consumption at early tillering stage and milky stage(ET_1and ET_6)on tiller rate was not significant.Water consumption from the mid-tillering to heading-flowering(ET_2～ET_5)had a significant effect on tiller rate,influence order from large to small was ET_4,ET_5,ET_3and ET_2.There was significantly positive correlation between water consumption at the late tillering stage and leaf area index.Leaf photosynthetic potential was most sensitive to ET_4response.There was significantly positive correlation between ET_3and effective leaf area rate,ET_4was significantly and positively correlated with effective leaf area ratio and high efficient leaf area ratio;ET_5was significantly and positively correlated with the maximum dry matter accumulation and population growth rate.ET_1,ET_3and ET_6had no significant effect on the output rate of stem-sheath matter.ET_2,ET_4and ET_5had significant effects on the output rate of stem-sheath matter(P<0.05),effect order from large to small was ET_5,ET_2and ET_4.For the conversion rate of stem-sheath matter,the effect of ET_1and ET_4on the conversion rate of stem-sheath matter was not significant,the effect of water consumption at other stages on the conversion rate of stem-sheath matter was significant(P<0.05).Impact order from large to small was ET_5,ET_6,ET_3and ET_2,and the impact of ET_3on the conversion rate of stem-sheath matter was negative.There were linear relationship between stomatal conductance,transpiration rate,chlorophyll content and net photosynthetic rate in the leaves,the relationship between intercellular CO_2concentration and net photosynthetic rate was quadratic function curve.The response of leaf chlorophyll content and net photosynthetic rate to ET_4and ET_5was remarkably significant(P<0.01).There was a significant negative effect of ET_3on net photosynthetic rate.
In order to explore the response of photosynthate production characteristics of rice to water consumption process in black soil region,the experiment was carried out by lysimeter at the rice irrigation experiment station of Heilongjiang Province in 2017.The U_7(7~6)experiment was conducted to analyze the effects of water consumption at each stage on photosynthate production characteristics of rice.The results showed that the effect of water consumption at early tillering stage and milky stage(ET_1and ET_6)on tiller rate was not significant.Water consumption from the mid-tillering to heading-flowering(ET_2～ET_5)had a significant effect on tiller rate,influence order from large to small was ET_4,ET_5,ET_3and ET_2.There was significantly positive correlation between water consumption at the late tillering stage and leaf area index.Leaf photosynthetic potential was most sensitive to ET_4response.There was significantly positive correlation between ET_3and effective leaf area rate,ET_4was significantly and positively correlated with effective leaf area ratio and high efficient leaf area ratio;ET_5was significantly and positively correlated with the maximum dry matter accumulation and population growth rate.ET_1,ET_3and ET_6had no significant effect on the output rate of stem-sheath matter.ET_2,ET_4and ET_5had significant effects on the output rate of stem-sheath matter(P<0.05),effect order from large to small was ET_5,ET_2and ET_4.For the conversion rate of stem-sheath matter,the effect of ET_1and ET_4on the conversion rate of stem-sheath matter was not significant,the effect of water consumption at other stages on the conversion rate of stem-sheath matter was significant(P<0.05).Impact order from large to small was ET_5,ET_6,ET_3and ET_2,and the impact of ET_3on the conversion rate of stem-sheath matter was negative.There were linear relationship between stomatal conductance,transpiration rate,chlorophyll content and net photosynthetic rate in the leaves,the relationship between intercellular CO_2concentration and net photosynthetic rate was quadratic function curve.The response of leaf chlorophyll content and net photosynthetic rate to ET_4and ET_5was remarkably significant(P<0.01).There was a significant negative effect of ET_3on net photosynthetic rate.
引文
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[2]何海兵,武立权,杨茹,等.干旱区控制灌溉下水稻光合特性与蒸腾效率研究[J/OL].农业机械学报,2016,47(9):186-193. http:∥www. j-csam. org/jcsam/ch/reader/view_abstract. aspx? file_no=20160927&flag=1. DOI:10. 6041/j. issn.1000-1298. 2016. 09. 027.HE Haibing,WU Liquan,YANG Ru,et al. Photosynthesis characteristics and transpiration efficiency of rice plants under controlled irrigation technology in arid region[J/OL]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2016,47(9):186-193.(in Chinese)
[3]邓飞,王丽,刘利,等.不同生态条件下栽培方式对水稻干物质生产和产量的影响[J].作物学报,2012,38(10):1930-1942.DENG Fei,WANG Li,LIU Li,et al. Effects of cultivation methods on dry matter production and yield of rice under different ecological conditions[J]. Acta Agronomica Sinica,2012,38(10):1930-1942.(in Chinese)
[4]赵黎明,李明,郑殿峰,等.灌溉方式与种植密度对寒地水稻产量及光合物质生产特性的影响[J].农业工程学报,2015,31(6):159-169.ZHAO Liming,LI Ming,ZHENG Dianfeng,et al. Effects of irrigation methods and rice planting densities on yield and photosynthetic characteristics of matter production in cold area[J]. Transactions of the CSAE,2015,31(6):159-169.(in Chinese)
[5]陈海生,陶龙兴,王熹,等.灌水方式对水稻灌浆期光合物质运转与分配的影响[J].中国农业科学,2005,38(4):678-683.CHEN Haisheng,TAO Longxing,WANG Xi,et al. Effect of different irrigation modes during grain filling of rice on translocation and allocation of carbohydrate in rice[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica,2005,38(4):678-683.(in Chinese)
[6]张洪程,朱聪聪,霍中洋,等.钵苗机插水稻产量形成优势及主要生理生态特点[J].农业工程学报,2013,29(21):50-59.ZHANG Hongcheng,ZHU Congcong,HUO Zhongyang,et al. Advantages of yield formation and main characteristics of physiological and ecological in rice with nutrition bowl mechanical transplanting[J]. Transactions of the CSAE,2013,29(21):50-59.(in Chinese)
[7]孙永健,郑洪帧,徐徽,等.机械旱直播方式促进水稻生长发育提高产量[J].农业工程学报,2014,30(20):10-18.SUN Yongjian,ZHENG Hongzhen,XU Hui,et al. Mechanical dry direct-sowing modes improving growth,development and yield of rice[J]. Transactions of the CASE,2014,30(20):10-18.(in Chinese)
[8]刘慧,魏永霞,汝晨.寒地黑土区水稻植株干物质积累对耗水过程的响应[J/OL].农业机械学报,2018,49(7):195-204. http:∥www. j-csam. org/jcsam/ch/reader/view_abstract. aspx? file_no=20180724&flag=1. DOI:10. 6041/j. issn.1000-1298. 2018. 07. 024.LIU Hui,WEI Yongxia,RU Chen. Response of rice dry matter accumulation to water consumption process in cold black soil region[J/OL]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2018,49(7):195-204.(in Chinese)
[9]王贺正,徐国伟,马均,等.水分胁迫对水稻生长发育及产量的影响[J].中国种业,2009(1):47-49.
[10]李树杏,郭慧,李敏,等.幼穗形成期水分胁迫后复水对水稻叶片光合特性及物质生产的影响[J].华北农学报,2013,28(5):133-137.LI Shuxing,GUO Hui,LI Min,et al. Young panicle formation stage after water stress on the production and transport of photosynthate in rice[J]. Acta Agriculturae Boreali-Simica,2013,28(5):133-137.(in Chinese)
[11]陆建飞,丁艳锋,黄丕生.持续土壤水分胁迫对水稻生育与产量构成的影响[J].扬州大学学报(农业与生命科学版),1998,19(2):43-48.LU Jianfei,DING Yanfeng,HUANG Pisheng. Effects of sustained soil water stress on growth,development and yield components of two rice cultivars[J]. Journal of Yangzhou Agricultural College(Agricultural and Life Science Edition),1998,19(2):43-48.(in Chinese)
[12]霍中洋,姚义,张洪程,等.播期对直播稻光合物质生产特征的影响[J].中国农业科学,2012,45(13):2592-2606.HUO Zhongyang,YAO Yi,ZHANG Hongcheng,et al. Effect of sowing date on characteristics of photosynthesis and matter production of direct seeding rice[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica,2012,45(13):2592-2606.(in Chinese)
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