不同氮效率夏玉米临界氮浓度稀释模型与氮营养诊断
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摘要
【目的】建立豫中地区玉米临界氮稀释曲线,比较不同氮素利用率玉米品种模型差异,探讨基于此的氮营养指数用于诊断、评价玉米氮素营养的可靠性,为实现玉米合理施用氮肥提供理论依据。【方法】以伟科702和中单909两个不同氮利用效率的品种为试验材料进行连续三年的田间定位试验,共设5个氮肥水平(0、120、180、240和360 kg/hm~2),分析不同施氮量对两个玉米品种拔节期、大喇叭口期、吐丝期、收获期干物质的影响,基于不同时期干物质和植株氮浓度建立两个品种临界氮稀释曲线,分析不同氮利用率品种玉米临界氮稀释曲线模型的差异和氮营养指数及其与相对地上部生物量和相对产量的关系。【结果】中单909的氮利用率显著高于伟科702。在各生育时期,两个玉米品种地上部生物量随施氮量变化表现为N0 【Objectives】The objective of this study was to establish the critical nitrogen dilution curve of maize in central area of Henan Province, China, to compare differences of nitrogen use efficiency among different varieties of maize, and to study the reliability of nitrogen nutrition index for diagnosing and evaluating nitrogen nutrition in maize, which would provide theoretical basis for rational nitrogen fertilization of maize.【Methods】In this paper, Weike702 and Zhongdan 909, as the two different nitrogen use efficiency varieties,were studied for three consecutive years in a field trial with five nitrogen levels(0, 120, 180, 240 and 360 kg/hm~2).Effects of different nitrogen application rates on dry matter of both varieties at jointing, spike formation, silking and harvest stages were analyzed, critical nitrogen dilution curves of two varieties were established based on the dry matter and plant nitrogen concentration in different periods, differences of critical nitrogen dilution curve models for maize with different nitrogen use efficiencies were analyzed, and the nitrogen nutrition index and its relationship with relative shoot biomass and relative yield of maize were analyzed. 【Results】The nitrogen use efficiency of Zhongdan909 was significantly higher than that of Weike702, and the shoot biomass of both varieties showed N0 < N120 < N180 = N240 = N360. With the increase of N application rate, the aboveground biomass of two varieties of maize could be divided into two parts: nitrogen limitation and non-limiting nitrogen,the critical nitrogen dilution curve models of the two cultivars(Weike702, Nc = 35.638 DM~(–0.341), Zhongdan909,Nc = 30.801 DM~(–0.370)) had good stability. Compared with the model parameters of Zhongdan909, the parameter a of Weike 702 increased by 15.70%, its parameter b decreased by 7.84%, and the value of a changed more than that of the parameter b. The nitrogen nutrition indices of the two cultivars based on this model at the same period were raised with the increase of nitrogen application rate. The nitrogen nutrition index was first increased and then decreased with the increase of nitrogen application rate in maize growth period when the nitrogen application rate was less than 180 kg/hm~2. When nitrogen application rate exceeded 240 kg/hm~2, the nitrogen nutrition index was increased continuously. The correlations between nitrogen nutrition indices and relative shoot biomass, relative yield of maize also reached a significant level. 【Conclusions】In this paper, the nitrogen nutrition status of maize plants can be diagnosed and evaluated using the critical nitrogen dilution curve model and nitrogen nutrition index of two varieties of maize in central Henan Province. There were differences in the parameters of critical nitrogen concentration dilution curve between different nitrogen use efficiency varieties. Varieties with high nitrogen use rate had lower nitrogen concentration per unit biomass and higher curve slope, and the nitrogen concentrations were lower than those with the low nitrogen utilization rate.
引文
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[2]张卫峰,马林,黄高强,等.中国氮肥发展、贡献和挑战[J].中国农业科学,2013, 46(15):3161-3171.Zhang W F, Ma L, Huang G Q, et al. The development and contribution of nitrogenous fertilizer in China and challenges faced by the country[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2013, 46(15):3161-3171.
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[4]Guo J H, Liu X J, Zhang Y, et al. Significant acidification in major Chinese croplands[J]. Science, 2010, 327(5968):1008-1010.
[5]Liu X, Zhang Y, Han W, et al. Enhanced nitrogen deposition over China[J]. Nature, 2013, 494(7438):459-462.
[6]王友华,许海涛,许波,等.施用氮肥对玉米产量构成因素及其根系生长的影响[J].中国土壤与肥料,2010,(3):55-57.Wang Y H, Xu H T, Xu B, et al. Effect of N fertilizer application on yield components and root system growth of maize[J]. Soils and Fertilizers Sciences in China, 2010,(3):55-57.
[7]Burkart M R, Kolpin D W. Hydrologic and land-use factors associated with herbicides and nitrate in near-surface aquifers[J].Journal of Environmental Quality, 1993, 22(4):646-656.
[8]Plenet D, Lemaire G. Relationships between dynamics of nitrogen uptake and dry matter accumulation in maize crops:Determination of critical N concentration[J]. Plant&Soil, 1999, 216(1-2):65-82.
[9]Ulrich A. Physiological bases for assessing the nutritionalrequirements of plants[J]. Annual Review of Plant Physiology, 1952,3(1):207-228.
[10]郭建华,赵春江,王秀,等.作物氮素营养诊断方法的研究现状及进展[J].中国土壤与肥料,2008,(4):10-14.Guo J H, Zhao C J, Wang X, et al. Research advancement and status on crop nitrogen nutrition diagnosis[J]. Soils and Fertilizers Sciences in China,2008,(4):10-14.
[11] Greenwood J, Lemaire G, Gosse G, et al. Decline in percentage N of C3 and C4 crops with increasing plant mass[J]. Annals of Botany,1990, 66(4):425-436.
[12] Colnenne C, Meynard J M, Reau R, et al. Determination of a critical nitrogen dilution curve for winter oilseed rape[J]. Annals of Botany,1998, 81(2):311-317.
[13]薛晓萍,周治国,张丽娟,等.棉花花后临界氮浓度稀释模型的建立及在施氮量调控中的应用[J].生态学报,2006, 26(6):1781-1791.Xue X P, Zhou Z G, Zhang L J, et al. Development and application of critical nitrogen concentration dilution model for cotton after flowering[J]. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2006, 26(6):1781-1791.
[14] Ziadi N, Belanger G, Claessens A, et al. Determination of a critical nitrogen dilution curve for spring wheat[J]. Agronomy Journal,2010,102(1):241-250.
[15]赵犇,姚霞,田永超,等.基于临界氮浓度的小麦地上部氮亏缺模型[J].应用生态学报,2012, 23(11):3141-3148.Zhao B, Yao X, Tian Y C, et al. Accumulative nitrogen deficit models of wheat aboveground part based on critical nitrogen concentration[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2012, 23(11):3141-3148.
[16] Belanger G, Walsh J R, Richards J E, et al. Critical nitrogen curve and nitrogen nutrition index for potato in Eastern Canada[J].American Journal of Potato Research, 2001, 78(5):355-364.
[17]王新,马富裕,刁明,等.滴灌番茄临界氮浓度、氮素吸收和氮营养指数模拟[J].农业工程学报,2013, 29(18):99-108.Wang X, Ma F Y, Diao M, et al. Simulation of critical nitrogen concentration, nitrogen uptake and nitrogen nutrition index of processing tomato with drip irrigation[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, 2013, 29(18):99-108.
[18] Ataulkarim S T, Yao X, Liu X, et al. Development of critical nitrogen dilution curve of Japonica rice in Yangtze River Reaches[J]. Field Crops Research, 2013, 149:149-158.
[19] Herrmann A, Taube F. The range of the critical nitrogen dilution curve for maize(Zea mays L.)can be extended until silage maturity[J]. Agronomy Journal, 2004, 96(4):1131-1138.
[20]梁效贵,张经廷,周丽丽,等.华北地区夏玉米临界氮稀释曲线和氮营养指数研究[J].作物学报,2013,(2):292-299.Liang X G, Zhang J T, Zhou L L, et al. Critical nitrogen dilution curve and nitrogen nutrition index for summer maize in north China plain[J]. Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2013,(2):292-299.
[21]李正鹏,宋明丹,冯浩.关中地区玉米临界氮浓度稀释曲线的建立和验证[J].农业工程学报,2015,(13):135-141.Li Z P, Song M D, Feng H. Development and validation of critical nitrogen content curve for maize in Guanzhong area[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, 2015,(13):135-141.
[22]强生才,张富仓,向友珍,等.关中平原不同降雨年型夏玉米临界氮稀释曲线模拟及验证[J].农业工程学报,2015,(17):168-175.Qiang S C, Zhang F C, Xiang Y Z, et al. Simulation and validation of critical nitrogen dilution curve for summer maize in Guanzhong Plain during different rainfall years[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, 2015,(17):168-175.
[23] Li W J, He P, Jin J Y. Critical nitrogen curve and nitrogen nutrition index for spring maize in North-East China[J]. Journal of Plant Nutrition, 2012, 35(11):1747-1761.
[24] Chen P F Wang J H, Huang W J, et al. Critical nitrogen curve and remote detection of nitrogen nutrition index for corn in the Northwestern Plain of Shandong province, China[J]. IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations&Remote Sensing,2013, 6(2):682-689.
[25] Justes E, Mary B, Meynard J M, et al. Determination of a critical nitrogen dilution curve for winter wheat crops[J]. Annals of Botany,1994, 74(4):397-407.
[26] Willmott C J. Some comments on the evaluation of model performance[J]. Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society,1982,63(11):1309-1369.
[27]刘其.基于过程的滴灌春小麦临界氮需求量定量化模拟模型[D].石河子:石河子大学硕士学位论文,2013.Liu Q. Process-based simulation model for the critical nitrogen demand of drip irrigation spring wheat[D]. Shihezi:MS Thesis of Shihezi University, 2013.
[28] Yang J, Greenwood D J, Rowell D L, et al. Statistical methods for evaluating a crop nitrogen simulation model, N_ABLE[J].Agricultural Systems, 2000, 64(1):37-53.
[29] Jamieson P D, Porter J R, Wilson D R. A test of computer simulation model ARC-WHEAT1 on wheat crops grown in New Zealand[J].Field Crops Research, 1991, 27(4):337-350.
[30] Witt C, Dobermann A, Abdulrachman S, et al. Internal nutrient efficiencies of irrigated lowland rice in tropical and subtropical Asia[J]. Field Crops Research, 1999, 63(2):113-138.
[31]马新明,张浩,熊淑萍,等.基于GIS技术的河南粮食核心区小麦玉米区域潜力研究[J].农业工程学报,2010, 26(s1):162-168.Ma X M, Zhang H, Xiong S P, et al. Potential productivity of wheat and maize in grain production center of Henan Province based on GIS[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, 2010, 26(s1):162-168.
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