影响城市空巢老人心理坚韧性的预测因素
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摘要
目的探讨城市空巢老人心理坚韧性水平及其影响城市空巢老人心理坚韧性的预测因素。方法利用分层整群随机抽样方法,在西安市3个区抽取205名社区空巢老人作为研究对象,采用一般资料问卷、心理坚韧性量表、抑郁自评量表进行问卷调查。统计学处理采用t检验、方差分析、秩和检验和多元线性回归分析。结果 (1)城市空巢老人心理坚韧性总体均分为134.32±24.68,处于中等水平。(2)城市空巢老人心理坚韧性的预测因素按影响强弱依次为社会支持感、抑郁得分、子女探视、性别、文化程度,其回归方程为Y=74.262+1.753×社会支持感-0.761×抑郁-27.491×子女探视-6.125×性别+6.498×文化程度(F=495.423,P=0.000),总说服力为52.20%。结论城市空巢老人心理坚韧性尚处于中等水平,而且影响城市空巢老人心理坚韧性的预测因素按其影响力强弱依次为社会支持感、抑郁、子女探视、性别以及文化程度。提示可以通过城市空巢老人心理坚韧性的预测因素水平推断其心理坚韧性的整体状况,有利于城市空巢老人积极心态的获得,心理健康的提高。
Objective This study investigated the resilience status of empty-nest elder and analyzed its influencing factors.Methods Using the method of Stratified cluster random sampling,205 empty-nest elderly from the three Communities in Xi' an were investigated. The general information questionnaire,Resilience Scale,Self-rating Depression Scale and Perceived Social Support Scale were adopted in this study. Results 1. The resilience scores of the empty-nest elderly in Xi' an was 134. 32 ± 24. 68. 2. Multiple linear regression analysis showed that the variables of perceived social support,depression,the visitation of their children,gender and degree of education were entered the model( F = 495. 423,P = 0. 000),accounted for 52. 20% of the total variances. Conclusion The resilience of the empty-nest elderly in Xi' an was moderate. Its predictive factors were perceived social support,depression,the visitation of their children,gender and degree of education,The researchers can infer the overall resilience of the empty-nest elderly through the levels of its predictive factors,which is beneficial to the positive mental attitude of urban empty-nest elderly.
Objective This study investigated the resilience status of empty-nest elder and analyzed its influencing factors.Methods Using the method of Stratified cluster random sampling,205 empty-nest elderly from the three Communities in Xi' an were investigated. The general information questionnaire,Resilience Scale,Self-rating Depression Scale and Perceived Social Support Scale were adopted in this study. Results 1. The resilience scores of the empty-nest elderly in Xi' an was 134. 32 ± 24. 68. 2. Multiple linear regression analysis showed that the variables of perceived social support,depression,the visitation of their children,gender and degree of education were entered the model( F = 495. 423,P = 0. 000),accounted for 52. 20% of the total variances. Conclusion The resilience of the empty-nest elderly in Xi' an was moderate. Its predictive factors were perceived social support,depression,the visitation of their children,gender and degree of education,The researchers can infer the overall resilience of the empty-nest elderly through the levels of its predictive factors,which is beneficial to the positive mental attitude of urban empty-nest elderly.
引文
[1]邓阳.云南省城市空巢老人健康状况及影响因素研究[D].昆明:昆明医科大学,2014.
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[8]Harriet L,Cohen,Roberta R,et al.Older adults Who Overcame Oppression[J].Families in Society,2006,87(1):33-88.
[9]高锋剑,陈有国,刘培朵,等.心理韧性、孤独感、自我效能预测老年人主观幸福感的优势分析[J].心理与行为研究,2017,15(2):227-232.
[10]ZHANG JINGFENG,ZHANG JIANXIN,ZHOU MINGJIE.Neighborhood characteristics and older adults’well-being:the roles of sense of community and personal resilience[J].Social Indicators Research,2017,12(4):1-15.
[11]孙静,李伟.心理坚韧性在社区老人抑郁与社会支持关系间的中介效应研究[J].中国全科医学,2015,18(7):827-829.
[12]Jeste DV,Savla GN.Association between older age and more successful aging:critical role of resilience and depression[J].Am J Psychiatry,2013,170(2):188-196.
[13]XUE ZHONG,DAXING WU,XUEQIN NOE,et al.Parenting style,resilience,and mental health of community-dwelling elderly adults in China[J].BMC Geriatrics,2016(16):135.
[2]Wagnild GM,Young HM.Development and psychometric validation of the Resilience Scale[J].Journal of Nursing Measures,1993,1(2):165-178.
[3]黄维肖.杭州市空巢老人心理坚韧性横断面研究及其影响因素分析[D].杭州:杭州师范大学,2015.
[4]张玲.苏州市空巢老人健康状况及其影响因素研究[D].苏州:苏州大学,2012.
[5]汪向东,王希林,马弘.心理卫生评定手册[M].北京:中国心理卫生杂志社,1999.
[6]Murphy LB.Further reflections on resilience.In E.J.Anthony&B.Cohler(Eds.).The invulnerable child[M].NY:Guildford,1987.
[7]丁月萍,施春华.心理坚韧性理论在成功老龄化研究中的应用[J].中国老年学杂志,2015,1(35):259-261.
[8]Harriet L,Cohen,Roberta R,et al.Older adults Who Overcame Oppression[J].Families in Society,2006,87(1):33-88.
[9]高锋剑,陈有国,刘培朵,等.心理韧性、孤独感、自我效能预测老年人主观幸福感的优势分析[J].心理与行为研究,2017,15(2):227-232.
[10]ZHANG JINGFENG,ZHANG JIANXIN,ZHOU MINGJIE.Neighborhood characteristics and older adults’well-being:the roles of sense of community and personal resilience[J].Social Indicators Research,2017,12(4):1-15.
[11]孙静,李伟.心理坚韧性在社区老人抑郁与社会支持关系间的中介效应研究[J].中国全科医学,2015,18(7):827-829.
[12]Jeste DV,Savla GN.Association between older age and more successful aging:critical role of resilience and depression[J].Am J Psychiatry,2013,170(2):188-196.
[13]XUE ZHONG,DAXING WU,XUEQIN NOE,et al.Parenting style,resilience,and mental health of community-dwelling elderly adults in China[J].BMC Geriatrics,2016(16):135.