身体部位心理旋转的认知与神经机制
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摘要
除了经典的对于抽象几何图形或字母的心理旋转任务,还有一类心理旋转以手、脚等身体部位图片作为反应刺激。在身体部位心理旋转中,被试一般想象的是自身身体旋转,想象过程受当前身体姿势与身体生理局限性的影响。而在客体心理旋转中,被试往往将刺激作为外在的客体进行想象旋转。两类心理旋转任务都被发现存在顶叶区域的激活,但运动相关皮层的激活更多地在身体部位心理旋转任务中被发现。关于儿童身体部位心理旋转与实际运动的联系紧密性的讨论尚未得到一致的结论,未来研究需要继续探讨随着年龄增长,身体部位心理旋转受生理局限性的影响是增强还是减弱。身体图片加工的自动性,身体部位心理旋转的可塑性也是未来研究可以深入探讨的问题。对于身体部位心理旋转的深入了解也有助于这一任务在临床诊断治疗、运动员与飞行员训练和选拔中的应用。
Apart from the classical mental rotation task of abstract figures or letters,there is another kind of mental rotation task using hand,foot or other body part images as the stimuli. In the mental rotation of body parts,subjects usually imagine their own body rotating,which is affected by their current postures and biomechanical constraints.In the mental rotation of objects,subjects often imagine stimuli rotating as external objects. Parietal lobe is involved in both types of mental rotation,while the activation of motor-related cortex is mostly found in body-part mental rotation. Discussions concerning how the relationship between mental rotation and physical movement of the body part develops during childhood has not yet come to a conclusion. Future research needs to continue to explore whether the influence of biomechanical constraints on body-part mental rotation is strenghened or weakened as the age increases. The automatical recognition of body images and the plasticity of body-part mental rotation are also issues that can be further explored in the future. Further understanding of body-part mental rotation is also helpful to the application of this task in clinical diagnosis and treatment,as well as training and selection of athletes and pilots.
Apart from the classical mental rotation task of abstract figures or letters,there is another kind of mental rotation task using hand,foot or other body part images as the stimuli. In the mental rotation of body parts,subjects usually imagine their own body rotating,which is affected by their current postures and biomechanical constraints.In the mental rotation of objects,subjects often imagine stimuli rotating as external objects. Parietal lobe is involved in both types of mental rotation,while the activation of motor-related cortex is mostly found in body-part mental rotation. Discussions concerning how the relationship between mental rotation and physical movement of the body part develops during childhood has not yet come to a conclusion. Future research needs to continue to explore whether the influence of biomechanical constraints on body-part mental rotation is strenghened or weakened as the age increases. The automatical recognition of body images and the plasticity of body-part mental rotation are also issues that can be further explored in the future. Further understanding of body-part mental rotation is also helpful to the application of this task in clinical diagnosis and treatment,as well as training and selection of athletes and pilots.
引文
Amick,M.M.,Schendan,H.E.,Ganis,G.,&Cronin-Golomb,A.(2006).Frontostriatal circuits are necessary for visuomotor transformation:Mental rotation in Parkinson’s disease.Neuropsychologia,44(3),339-349.
Amorim,M.A.,Isableu,B.,&Jarraya,M.(2006).Embodied spatial transformations:“Body analogy”for the mental rotation of objects.Journal of Experimental Psychology:General,135(3),327-347.
Battista,C.,&Peters,M.(2010).Ecological aspects of mental rotation around the vertical and horizontal axis.Journal of Individual Differences,31(2),110-113.
Berneiser,J.,Jahn,G.,Grothe,M.,&Lotze,M.(2018).From visual to motor strategies:Training in mental rotation of hands.NeuroImage,167,247-255.
Bode,S.,Koeneke,S.,&Jancke,L.(2007).Different strategies do not moderate primary motor cortex involvement in mental rotation:ATMS study.Behavioral and Brain Functions,3(1),38.
Bonda,E.,Petrides,M.,Frey,S.,&Evans,A.(1995).Neural correlates of mental transformations of the body-in-space.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences,92(24),11180-11184.
Cohen,M.S.,Kosslyn,S.M.,Breiter,H.C.,Di Girolamo,G.J.,Thompson,W.L.,Anderson,A.K.,et al.,(1996).Changes in cortical activity during mental rotation:A mapping study using functional MRI.Brain,119(1),89-100.
Cona,G.,Marino,G.,&Semenza,C.(2017).TMS of supplementary motor area(SMA)facilitates mental rotation performance:Evidence for sequence processing in SMA.NeuroImage,146,770-777.
Cooper,L.A.,&Shepard,R.N.(1973).The time required to prepare for a rotated stimulus.Memory&Cognition,1(3),246-250.
Cooper,L.A.,&Shepard,R.N.(1975).Mental transformations in identification of left and right hands.Journal of Experimental Psychology:Human Perception and Performance,104(1),48-56.
Coslett,H.B.,Medina,J.,Kliot,D.,&Burkey,A.R.(2010).Mental motor imagery indexes pain:The hand laterality task.European Journal of Pain,14(10),1007-1013.
Crescentini,C.,Fabbro,F.,&Urgesi,C.(2014).Mental spatial transformations of objects and bodies:Different developmental trajectories in children from 7 to 11 years of age.Developmental Psychology,50(2),370-383.
Dalecki,M.,Dern,S.,&Steinberg,F.(2013).Mental rotation of a letter,hand and complex scene in microgravity.Neuroscience Letters,533,55-59.
de Lange,F.P.,Hagoort,P.,&Toni,I.(2005).Neural topography and content of movement representations.Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience,17(1),97-112.
de Lange,F.P.,Helmich,R.C.,&Toni,I.(2006).Posture influences motor imagery:An f MRI study.NeuroImage,33(2),609-617.
de Lange,F.P.,Roelofs,K.,&Toni,I.(2008).Motor imagery:Awindow into the mechanisms and alterations of the motor system.Cortex,44(5),494-506.
Fiorio,M.,Tinazzi,M.,Ionta,S.,Fiaschi,A.,Moretto,G.,Edwards,M.J.,et al.(2007).Mental rotation of body parts and noncorporeal objects in patients with idiopathic cervical dystonia.Neuropsychologia,45(10),2346-2354.
Funk,M.,Brugger,P.,&Wilkening,F.(2005).Motor processes in children’s imagery:The case of mental rotation of hands.Developmental Science,8(5),402-408.
Ganis,G.,Keenan,J.P.,Kosslyn,S.M.,&Pascual-Leone,A.(2000).Transcranial magnetic stimulation of primary motor cortex affects mental rotation.Cerebral Cortex,10(2),175-180.
Gauthier,I.,Hayward,W.G.,Tarr,M.J.,Anderson,A.W.,Skudlarski,P.,&Gore,J.C.(2002).BOLD activity during mental rotation and viewpoint-dependent object recognition.Neuron,34(1),161-171.
Gogos,A.,Gavrilescu,M.,Davison,S.,Searle,K.,Adams,J.,Rossell,S.L.,et al.(2010).Greater superior than inferior parietal lobule activation with increasing rotation angle during mental rotation:An f MRI study.Neuropsychologia,48(2),529-535.
Hoyek,N.,Di Rienzo,F.,Collet,C.,Creveaux,T.,&Guillot,A.(2014).Hand mental rotation is not systematically altered by actual body position:Laterality judgment versus same-different comparison tasks.Attention Perception&Psychophysics,76(2),519-526.
Ionta,S.,Fourkas,A.D.,Fiorio,M.,&Aglioti,S.M.(2007).The influence of hands posture on mental rotation of hands and feet.Experimental Brain Research,183(1),1-7.
Ionta,S.,Perruchoud,D.,Draganski,B.,&Blanke,O.(2012).Body context and posture affect mental imagery of hands.Plos One,7(3),e34382.
Jansen,P.,Lehmann,J.,&Van Doren,J.(2012).Mental rotation performance in male soccer players.Plos One,7(10),e48620.
Jolicoeur,P.,Corballis,M.C.,&Lawson,R.(1998).The influence of perceived rotary motion on the recognition of rotated objects.Psychonomic Bulletin&Review,5(1),140-146.
Jordan,K.,Heinze,H.J.,Lutz,K.,Kanowski,M.,&Jancke,L.(2001).Cortical activations during the mental rotation of different visual objects.Neuroimage,13(1),143-152.
Kaltner,S.,&Jansen,P.(2016).Developmental changes in mental rotation:A dissociation between object-based and egocentric transformations.Advances in Cognitive Psychology,12(2),67-78.
Kaltner,S.,Riecke,B.E.,&Jansen,P.(2014).Embodied mental rotation:A special link between egocentric transformation and the bodily self.Frontiers in Psychology,5,505.
Kessler,K.,&Thomson,L.A.(2010).The embodied nature of spatial perspective taking:Embodied transformation versus sensorimotor interference.Cognition,114(1),72-88.
Kosslyn,S.M.,Di Girolamo,G.J.,Thompson,W.L.,&Alpert,N.M.(1998).Mental rotation of objects versus hands:Neural mechanisms revealed by positron emission tomography.Psychophysiology,35(2),151-161.
Kruger,M.,&Krist,H.(2009).Imagery and motor processes:When are they connected?The mental rotation of body parts in development.Journal of Cognition and Development,10(4),239-261.
Lameira,A.P.,Gawryszewski,L.G.,Guimares-Silva,S.,Ferreira,F.M.,Vargas,C.D.,Umiltà,C.,et al.(2009).Hand posture effects on handedness recognition as revealed by the Simon effect.Frontiers in Human Neuroscience,3,59.
Ottoboni,G.,Tessari,A.,Cubelli,R.,&Umiltà,C.(2005).Is handedness recognition automatic?A study using a Simon-like paradigm.Journal of Experimental Psychology:Human Perception and Performance,31(4),778-789.
Parsons,L.M.(1987).Imagined spatial transformation of one’s body.Journal of Experimental Psychology:General,116(2),172-191.
Parsons,L.M.(1994).Temporal and kinematic properties of motor behavior reflected in mentally simulated action.Journal of Experimental Psychology:Human Perception and Performance,20(4),709-730.
Parsons,L.M.,Fox,P.T.,Downs,J.H.,Glass,T.,Hirsch,T.B.,Martin,C.C.,et al.(1995).Use of implicit motor imagery for visual shape discrimination as revealed by PET.Nature,375(6526),54-58.
Pelgrims,B.,Michaux,N.,Olivier,E.,&Andres,M.(2011).Contribution of the primary motor cortex to motor imagery:A subthreshold TMS study.Human Brain Mapping,32(9),1471-1482.
Richter,W.,Somorjai,R.,Summers,R.,Jarmasz,M.,Menon,R.S.,Gati,J.S.,et al.(2000).Motor area activity during mental rotation studied by time-resolved single-trial f MRI.Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience,12(2),310-320.
Sekiyama,K.(1982).Kinesthetic aspects of mental representations in the identification of left and right hands.Perception&Psychophysics,32(2),89-95.
Shepard,R.N.,&Metzler,J.(1971).Mental rotation of three-dimensional objects.Science,171(3972),701-703.
Steenbergen,B.,van Nimwegen,M.,&Craje,C.(2007).Solving a mental rotation task in congenital hemiparesis:Motor imagery versus visual imagery.Neuropsychologia,45(14),3324-3328
Steggemann,Y.,Engbert,K.,&Weigelt,M.(2011).Selective effects of motor expertise in mental body rotation tasks:Comparing object-based and perspective transformations.Brain and Cognition,76(1),97-105.
Tessari,A.,Ottoboni,G.,Baroni,G.,Symes,E.,&Nicoletti,R.(2012).Is access to the body structural description sensitive to a body part’s significance for action and cognition?A study of the sidedness effect using feet.Experimental Brain Research,218(4),515-525.
ter Horst,A.C.,van Lier,R.,&Steenbergen,B.(2010).Mental rotation task of hands:Differential influence number of rotational axes.Experimental Brain Research,203(2),347-354.
Tomasino,B.,Borroni,P.,Isaja,A.,&Rumiati,R.I.(2005).The role of the primary motor cortex in mental rotation:A TMS study.Cognitive Neuropsychology,22(3-4),348-363.
Vainio,L.,&Mustonen,T.(2011).Mapping the identity of a viewed hand in the motor system:Evidence from stimulus-response compatibility.Journal of Experimental Psychology:Human Perception and Performance,37(1),207-221.
Vingerhoets,G.,de Lange,F.P.,Vandemaele,P.,Deblaere,K.,&Achten,E.(2002).Motor imagery in mental rotation:An f MRI study.Neuroimge,17(3),1623-1633.
Voyer,D.,Jansen,P.,&Kaltner,S.(2017).Mental rotation with egocentric and object-based transformations.Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology,70(11),2319-2330.
Wallwork,S.B.,Butler,D.S.,Wilson,D.J.,&Moseley,G.L.(2015).Are people who do yoga any better at a motor imagery task than those who do not?British Journal of Sports Medicine,49(2),123-127.
Wraga,M.,Thompson,W.L.,Alpert,N.M.,&Kosslyn,S.M.(2003).Implicit transfer of motor strategies in mental rotation.Brain and Cognition,52(2),135-143.
Zacks,J.M.(2008).Neuroimaging studies of mental rotation:A metaanalysis and review.Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience,20(1),1-19.
Zacks,J.M.,&Michelon,P.(2005).Transformations of visuospatial images.Behavioral and Cognitive Neuroscience Reviews,4(2),96-118.
Zacks,J.M.,Ollinger,J.M.,Sheridan,M.A.,&Tversky,B.(2002).A parametric study of mental spatial transformations of bodies.NeuroImage,16(4),857-872.
Zapparoli,L.,Invernizzi,P.,Gandola,M.,Berlingeri,M.,Santis,A.D.,Zerbi,A.,et al.(2014).Like the back of the(right)hand?A new f MRI look on the hand laterality task.Experimental Brain Research,232(12),3873-3895.
段娇博.(2015).模拟失重状态心理旋转认知加工脑机制(博士学位论文).第四军医大学,西安.
黄志剑,王积福,向伟.(2013).表象训练对技能学习绩效影响的元分析.体育科学,33(5),25-30.
曲方炳.(2013).身体相关图片心理旋转任务中的身体效应(硕士学位论文).南京师范大学.
陶维东,黄希庭,张慧,凤四海,刘强,陶晓丽等.(2009).被试自身人手初始状态对心理旋转加工的影响:眼动研究.心理学报,41(1),10-25.
陶维东,孙弘进,闫京江,周柳.(2008).自我和物体为参照系的心理旋转分离:内旋效应.心理学报,40(1),14-24.
叶浩生.(2010).具身认知:认知心理学的新取向.心理科学进展,18(5),705-710.
赵杨柯,钱秀莹.(2010).自我中心视角转换---基于自身的心理空间转换.心理科学进展,18(12),1864-1871.
周慧琳,左国坤,万小平,徐佳琳.(2017).基于心理旋转的运动想象行为学实证探索.生物医学工程学杂志,34(2),173-179.
Amorim,M.A.,Isableu,B.,&Jarraya,M.(2006).Embodied spatial transformations:“Body analogy”for the mental rotation of objects.Journal of Experimental Psychology:General,135(3),327-347.
Battista,C.,&Peters,M.(2010).Ecological aspects of mental rotation around the vertical and horizontal axis.Journal of Individual Differences,31(2),110-113.
Berneiser,J.,Jahn,G.,Grothe,M.,&Lotze,M.(2018).From visual to motor strategies:Training in mental rotation of hands.NeuroImage,167,247-255.
Bode,S.,Koeneke,S.,&Jancke,L.(2007).Different strategies do not moderate primary motor cortex involvement in mental rotation:ATMS study.Behavioral and Brain Functions,3(1),38.
Bonda,E.,Petrides,M.,Frey,S.,&Evans,A.(1995).Neural correlates of mental transformations of the body-in-space.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences,92(24),11180-11184.
Cohen,M.S.,Kosslyn,S.M.,Breiter,H.C.,Di Girolamo,G.J.,Thompson,W.L.,Anderson,A.K.,et al.,(1996).Changes in cortical activity during mental rotation:A mapping study using functional MRI.Brain,119(1),89-100.
Cona,G.,Marino,G.,&Semenza,C.(2017).TMS of supplementary motor area(SMA)facilitates mental rotation performance:Evidence for sequence processing in SMA.NeuroImage,146,770-777.
Cooper,L.A.,&Shepard,R.N.(1973).The time required to prepare for a rotated stimulus.Memory&Cognition,1(3),246-250.
Cooper,L.A.,&Shepard,R.N.(1975).Mental transformations in identification of left and right hands.Journal of Experimental Psychology:Human Perception and Performance,104(1),48-56.
Coslett,H.B.,Medina,J.,Kliot,D.,&Burkey,A.R.(2010).Mental motor imagery indexes pain:The hand laterality task.European Journal of Pain,14(10),1007-1013.
Crescentini,C.,Fabbro,F.,&Urgesi,C.(2014).Mental spatial transformations of objects and bodies:Different developmental trajectories in children from 7 to 11 years of age.Developmental Psychology,50(2),370-383.
Dalecki,M.,Dern,S.,&Steinberg,F.(2013).Mental rotation of a letter,hand and complex scene in microgravity.Neuroscience Letters,533,55-59.
de Lange,F.P.,Hagoort,P.,&Toni,I.(2005).Neural topography and content of movement representations.Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience,17(1),97-112.
de Lange,F.P.,Helmich,R.C.,&Toni,I.(2006).Posture influences motor imagery:An f MRI study.NeuroImage,33(2),609-617.
de Lange,F.P.,Roelofs,K.,&Toni,I.(2008).Motor imagery:Awindow into the mechanisms and alterations of the motor system.Cortex,44(5),494-506.
Fiorio,M.,Tinazzi,M.,Ionta,S.,Fiaschi,A.,Moretto,G.,Edwards,M.J.,et al.(2007).Mental rotation of body parts and noncorporeal objects in patients with idiopathic cervical dystonia.Neuropsychologia,45(10),2346-2354.
Funk,M.,Brugger,P.,&Wilkening,F.(2005).Motor processes in children’s imagery:The case of mental rotation of hands.Developmental Science,8(5),402-408.
Ganis,G.,Keenan,J.P.,Kosslyn,S.M.,&Pascual-Leone,A.(2000).Transcranial magnetic stimulation of primary motor cortex affects mental rotation.Cerebral Cortex,10(2),175-180.
Gauthier,I.,Hayward,W.G.,Tarr,M.J.,Anderson,A.W.,Skudlarski,P.,&Gore,J.C.(2002).BOLD activity during mental rotation and viewpoint-dependent object recognition.Neuron,34(1),161-171.
Gogos,A.,Gavrilescu,M.,Davison,S.,Searle,K.,Adams,J.,Rossell,S.L.,et al.(2010).Greater superior than inferior parietal lobule activation with increasing rotation angle during mental rotation:An f MRI study.Neuropsychologia,48(2),529-535.
Hoyek,N.,Di Rienzo,F.,Collet,C.,Creveaux,T.,&Guillot,A.(2014).Hand mental rotation is not systematically altered by actual body position:Laterality judgment versus same-different comparison tasks.Attention Perception&Psychophysics,76(2),519-526.
Ionta,S.,Fourkas,A.D.,Fiorio,M.,&Aglioti,S.M.(2007).The influence of hands posture on mental rotation of hands and feet.Experimental Brain Research,183(1),1-7.
Ionta,S.,Perruchoud,D.,Draganski,B.,&Blanke,O.(2012).Body context and posture affect mental imagery of hands.Plos One,7(3),e34382.
Jansen,P.,Lehmann,J.,&Van Doren,J.(2012).Mental rotation performance in male soccer players.Plos One,7(10),e48620.
Jolicoeur,P.,Corballis,M.C.,&Lawson,R.(1998).The influence of perceived rotary motion on the recognition of rotated objects.Psychonomic Bulletin&Review,5(1),140-146.
Jordan,K.,Heinze,H.J.,Lutz,K.,Kanowski,M.,&Jancke,L.(2001).Cortical activations during the mental rotation of different visual objects.Neuroimage,13(1),143-152.
Kaltner,S.,&Jansen,P.(2016).Developmental changes in mental rotation:A dissociation between object-based and egocentric transformations.Advances in Cognitive Psychology,12(2),67-78.
Kaltner,S.,Riecke,B.E.,&Jansen,P.(2014).Embodied mental rotation:A special link between egocentric transformation and the bodily self.Frontiers in Psychology,5,505.
Kessler,K.,&Thomson,L.A.(2010).The embodied nature of spatial perspective taking:Embodied transformation versus sensorimotor interference.Cognition,114(1),72-88.
Kosslyn,S.M.,Di Girolamo,G.J.,Thompson,W.L.,&Alpert,N.M.(1998).Mental rotation of objects versus hands:Neural mechanisms revealed by positron emission tomography.Psychophysiology,35(2),151-161.
Kruger,M.,&Krist,H.(2009).Imagery and motor processes:When are they connected?The mental rotation of body parts in development.Journal of Cognition and Development,10(4),239-261.
Lameira,A.P.,Gawryszewski,L.G.,Guimares-Silva,S.,Ferreira,F.M.,Vargas,C.D.,Umiltà,C.,et al.(2009).Hand posture effects on handedness recognition as revealed by the Simon effect.Frontiers in Human Neuroscience,3,59.
Ottoboni,G.,Tessari,A.,Cubelli,R.,&Umiltà,C.(2005).Is handedness recognition automatic?A study using a Simon-like paradigm.Journal of Experimental Psychology:Human Perception and Performance,31(4),778-789.
Parsons,L.M.(1987).Imagined spatial transformation of one’s body.Journal of Experimental Psychology:General,116(2),172-191.
Parsons,L.M.(1994).Temporal and kinematic properties of motor behavior reflected in mentally simulated action.Journal of Experimental Psychology:Human Perception and Performance,20(4),709-730.
Parsons,L.M.,Fox,P.T.,Downs,J.H.,Glass,T.,Hirsch,T.B.,Martin,C.C.,et al.(1995).Use of implicit motor imagery for visual shape discrimination as revealed by PET.Nature,375(6526),54-58.
Pelgrims,B.,Michaux,N.,Olivier,E.,&Andres,M.(2011).Contribution of the primary motor cortex to motor imagery:A subthreshold TMS study.Human Brain Mapping,32(9),1471-1482.
Richter,W.,Somorjai,R.,Summers,R.,Jarmasz,M.,Menon,R.S.,Gati,J.S.,et al.(2000).Motor area activity during mental rotation studied by time-resolved single-trial f MRI.Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience,12(2),310-320.
Sekiyama,K.(1982).Kinesthetic aspects of mental representations in the identification of left and right hands.Perception&Psychophysics,32(2),89-95.
Shepard,R.N.,&Metzler,J.(1971).Mental rotation of three-dimensional objects.Science,171(3972),701-703.
Steenbergen,B.,van Nimwegen,M.,&Craje,C.(2007).Solving a mental rotation task in congenital hemiparesis:Motor imagery versus visual imagery.Neuropsychologia,45(14),3324-3328
Steggemann,Y.,Engbert,K.,&Weigelt,M.(2011).Selective effects of motor expertise in mental body rotation tasks:Comparing object-based and perspective transformations.Brain and Cognition,76(1),97-105.
Tessari,A.,Ottoboni,G.,Baroni,G.,Symes,E.,&Nicoletti,R.(2012).Is access to the body structural description sensitive to a body part’s significance for action and cognition?A study of the sidedness effect using feet.Experimental Brain Research,218(4),515-525.
ter Horst,A.C.,van Lier,R.,&Steenbergen,B.(2010).Mental rotation task of hands:Differential influence number of rotational axes.Experimental Brain Research,203(2),347-354.
Tomasino,B.,Borroni,P.,Isaja,A.,&Rumiati,R.I.(2005).The role of the primary motor cortex in mental rotation:A TMS study.Cognitive Neuropsychology,22(3-4),348-363.
Vainio,L.,&Mustonen,T.(2011).Mapping the identity of a viewed hand in the motor system:Evidence from stimulus-response compatibility.Journal of Experimental Psychology:Human Perception and Performance,37(1),207-221.
Vingerhoets,G.,de Lange,F.P.,Vandemaele,P.,Deblaere,K.,&Achten,E.(2002).Motor imagery in mental rotation:An f MRI study.Neuroimge,17(3),1623-1633.
Voyer,D.,Jansen,P.,&Kaltner,S.(2017).Mental rotation with egocentric and object-based transformations.Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology,70(11),2319-2330.
Wallwork,S.B.,Butler,D.S.,Wilson,D.J.,&Moseley,G.L.(2015).Are people who do yoga any better at a motor imagery task than those who do not?British Journal of Sports Medicine,49(2),123-127.
Wraga,M.,Thompson,W.L.,Alpert,N.M.,&Kosslyn,S.M.(2003).Implicit transfer of motor strategies in mental rotation.Brain and Cognition,52(2),135-143.
Zacks,J.M.(2008).Neuroimaging studies of mental rotation:A metaanalysis and review.Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience,20(1),1-19.
Zacks,J.M.,&Michelon,P.(2005).Transformations of visuospatial images.Behavioral and Cognitive Neuroscience Reviews,4(2),96-118.
Zacks,J.M.,Ollinger,J.M.,Sheridan,M.A.,&Tversky,B.(2002).A parametric study of mental spatial transformations of bodies.NeuroImage,16(4),857-872.
Zapparoli,L.,Invernizzi,P.,Gandola,M.,Berlingeri,M.,Santis,A.D.,Zerbi,A.,et al.(2014).Like the back of the(right)hand?A new f MRI look on the hand laterality task.Experimental Brain Research,232(12),3873-3895.
段娇博.(2015).模拟失重状态心理旋转认知加工脑机制(博士学位论文).第四军医大学,西安.
黄志剑,王积福,向伟.(2013).表象训练对技能学习绩效影响的元分析.体育科学,33(5),25-30.
曲方炳.(2013).身体相关图片心理旋转任务中的身体效应(硕士学位论文).南京师范大学.
陶维东,黄希庭,张慧,凤四海,刘强,陶晓丽等.(2009).被试自身人手初始状态对心理旋转加工的影响:眼动研究.心理学报,41(1),10-25.
陶维东,孙弘进,闫京江,周柳.(2008).自我和物体为参照系的心理旋转分离:内旋效应.心理学报,40(1),14-24.
叶浩生.(2010).具身认知:认知心理学的新取向.心理科学进展,18(5),705-710.
赵杨柯,钱秀莹.(2010).自我中心视角转换---基于自身的心理空间转换.心理科学进展,18(12),1864-1871.
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