内蒙古西部高频沙尘活动空间分布及其成因
|
摘要
内蒙古西部是东亚及全球重要沙尘源,为揭示2000年以来该区沙尘活动空间分布特征及其成因,对区域地貌类型,地表沉积物组分,沙尘暴、扬沙和浮尘日数,以及大风日数等数据进行统计分析。结果表明:富粉沙、黏土组分的干盐湖与分布众多盐湖的边缘沙漠及沙地为高频沙尘活动区,如额济纳、拐子湖、腾格里沙漠南缘、毛乌素沙地西北边缘等区域;粉沙、黏土组分含量高,而地表水分含量或植被盖度较高的地表,沙尘活动的频次较低,如河套灌区及鄂尔多斯高原东南边缘高盖度植被分布区;地表粉尘含量较高,且有一定盖度植被覆盖的地表,在较强风力作用下,沙尘事件也频发,如白云鄂博、乌拉特后旗等区域。综上所述,受区域大地貌背景的影响,地表沉积物机械组分、水分、植被以及风力等自然因素的空间差异,导致该区域沙尘活动发生频次具有显著的空间变异性。
West Inner Mongolia is an important aeolian dust source in East Asia and even in the world. The data including regional geomorphic types,surface sediment composition,and days of sandstorm,dust weather and strong wind in recent 20 years were analyzed to characterize the spatial distribution and reveal the formation causes of dust weather in this region. The results showed that the exposed dried salt lakes rich in silt,sand and clay,deserts and sandy land,such as the Ejina,Guaizi Lake,southern marginal zone of the Tengger Desert and the northwest marginal zone of the Mu Us Sandland,were the sources of occurring dust weather. However,the occurring frequency of dust weather was relatively low in the areas where the silt,clay and moisture contents in topsoil as well as the vegetation coverage were high. Nevertheless,dust weather occurred frequently in the areas with high dust content in topsoil and moderate vegetation coverage. In summary,there was a spatial difference in occurring frequency of dust weather due to the variations of geomorphologic background and other natural factors,such as the surface sediment composition,soil moisture content,vegetation coverage and wind force.
West Inner Mongolia is an important aeolian dust source in East Asia and even in the world. The data including regional geomorphic types,surface sediment composition,and days of sandstorm,dust weather and strong wind in recent 20 years were analyzed to characterize the spatial distribution and reveal the formation causes of dust weather in this region. The results showed that the exposed dried salt lakes rich in silt,sand and clay,deserts and sandy land,such as the Ejina,Guaizi Lake,southern marginal zone of the Tengger Desert and the northwest marginal zone of the Mu Us Sandland,were the sources of occurring dust weather. However,the occurring frequency of dust weather was relatively low in the areas where the silt,clay and moisture contents in topsoil as well as the vegetation coverage were high. Nevertheless,dust weather occurred frequently in the areas with high dust content in topsoil and moderate vegetation coverage. In summary,there was a spatial difference in occurring frequency of dust weather due to the variations of geomorphologic background and other natural factors,such as the surface sediment composition,soil moisture content,vegetation coverage and wind force.
引文
[1]Shao Y,Wyrwoll K,Chappell A,et al.Dust cycle:An emerging core theme in Earth system science[J].Aeolian Research,2011,2(4):181-204.
[2]Mctainsh G,Strong C.The role of aeolian dust in ecosystems[J].Geomorphology,2007,89(1-2):39-54.
[3]Uno I,Eguchi K,Yumimoto K,et al.Asian dust transported one full circuit around the globe[J].Nature Geoscience,2009,2(8):557-560.
[4]Notaro M,Yu Y,Kalashnikova O V.Regime shift in Arabian dust activity,triggered by persistent Fertile Crescent drought[J].Journal of Geophysical Research,2015,120(19):10 229-10 249.
[5]蒋雨荷,王式功,靳双龙,等.中国北方一次强沙尘暴天气过程的大气污染效应[J].干旱区研究,2018,35(6):1 344-1 351.[Jiang Yuhe,Wang Shigong,Jin Shuanglong,et al.Air pollution in a strong sandstorm in North China[J].Arid Zone Research,2018,35(6):1 344-1 351.]
[6]周成龙,杨兴华,钟昕洁,等.塔克拉玛干沙漠腹地沙尘天气特征[J].干旱区研究,2017,34(2):324-329.[Zhou Chenglong,Yang Xinghua,Zhong Xinjie,et al.Dust weather in hinterland of Taklamakan Desert[J].Arid Zone Research,2017,34(2):324-329.]
[7]延昊,王长耀,牛铮,等.东亚沙尘源地、沙尘输送路径的遥感研究[J].地理科学进展,2002,21(1):90-94.[Yan Hao,Wang Changyao,Niu Zheng,et al.Remote sensing study of tracks and source areas of Eastern Asian Dust[J].Progress in Geography,2002,21(1):90-94.]
[8]王存忠,牛生杰,王兰宁.中国50 a来沙尘暴变化特征[J].中国沙漠,2010,30(4):933-939.[Wang Cunzhong,Niu Shengjie,Wang Lanning.Spatial and temporal pattern of sand-dust storms in China During 1958-2007[J].Journal of Desert Research,2010,30(4):933-939.]
[9]冯鑫媛,王式功,程一帆,等.中国北方中西部沙尘暴气候特征[J].中国沙漠,2010,30(2):394-399.[Feng Xinyuan,Wang Shigong,Chen Yifan,et al.Climatic characteristics of dust storms in the middle and West of Northern China[J].Journal of Desert Research,2010,30(2):394-399.]
[10]钱正安,宋敏红,李万元.近50年来中国北方沙尘暴的分布及变化趋势分析[J].中国沙漠,2002,22(2):106-111.[Qian Zhengan,Song Minhong,Li Wanyuan.Analyses on distributive variation and forecast of sand-dust storms in recent 50 years in North China[J].Journal of Desert Research,2002,22(2):106-111.]
[11]韩同林.京津地区沙尘暴与盐碱尘暴浅析[J].科学,2008,60(1):46-49.[Han Tonglin.Analysis of dust storm and saline-alkali dust storm in Beijing and Tianjin area[J].Science,2008,60(1):46-49.]
[12]吉力力·阿不都外力.干旱区湖泊与盐尘暴[M].北京:中国环境科学出版社,2012.[Jili Abuduwaili.Lakes of Arid Land and Salt-dust Storms[M].Beijing:China Environmental Science Press,2012.]
[13]顾卫,蔡雪鹏,谢峰,等.植被覆盖与沙尘暴日数分布关系的探讨---以内蒙古中西部地区为例[J].地球科学进展,2002,17(2):273-277.[Gu Wei,Cai Xuepeng,Xie Feng,et al.Study on relationship between vegetation cover and distribution of days of sandstorm[J].Advance in Earth Sciences,2002,17(2):273-277.]
[14]陈思宇,黄建平,李景鑫,等.塔克拉玛干沙漠和戈壁沙尘起沙、传输和沉降的对比研究[J].中国科学:地球科学,2017,47(8):939-957.[Cheng Siyu,Huang Jianping,Li Jinxin,et al.Comparison of dust emissions,transport,and deposition between the Taklimakan Desert and Gobi Desert from 2007 to 2011[J].Scientia Sinica(Terrae),2017,47(8):939-957.]
[15]宋阳,刘连友,严平,等.中国北方5种下垫面对沙尘暴的影响研究[J].水土保持学报,2005,19(6):15-19.[Song Yang,Liu Lianyou,Yan Ping,et al.Influence of five types underlying surface on sand-Dust storm in Northern China[J].Journal of Soil Water Conservation,2005,19(6):15-19.]
[16]Pye K,Tsoar H.The mechanics and geological implications of dust transport and deposition in deserts with particular reference to loess formation and dune sand diagenesis in the northern Negev,Israel[J].Geological Society London Special Publications,1987,35(1):139-156.
[17]Mahowald,Natalie M.Ephemeral lakes and desert dust sources[J].Geophysical Research Letters,2003,30(2):1 074.
[18]Washington R,Todd M,Middleton N J,et al.Dust-storm source areas determined by the yotal ozone monitoring spectrometer and surface observations[J].Annals of the Association of American Geographers,2015,93(2):297-313.
[19]TegenIna.Impact of vegetation and preferential source areas on global dust aerosol:Results from a model study[J].Journal of Geophysical Research,2002,107(D21):4 576.
[20]朱震达,吴正,刘恕,等.中国沙漠概论[M].北京:科学出版社,1980:64-73.[Zhu Zhenda,Wu Zheng,Liu Shu,et al.Introduction to Chinese Deserts[M].Beijing:Science Press,1980:64-73.]
[21]袁国波.21世纪以来内蒙古沙尘暴特征及成因[J].中国沙漠,2017,37(6):1 204-1 209.[Yuan Guobo.Characteristics and cause of the sandstorm in Inner Mongolia in 2001-2015[J].Journal of Desert Research,2017,37(6):1 204-1 209.]
[22]元天刚,陈思宇,康丽泰,等.1961-2010年中国北方沙尘源区沙尘强度时空分布特征及变化趋势[J].干旱气象,2016,34(6):927-935.[Yuan Tiangang,Cheng Siyu,Kang Litai,et al.Temporal and spatial distribution characteristics and change trends of dust intensity in dust source regions of Northern China during1961-2010[J].Journal of Arid Meteorology,2016,34(6):927-935.]
[23]张凯,高会旺,张仁健,等.我国沙尘的来源、移动路径及对东部海域的影响[J].地球科学进展,2005,20(6):627-636.[Zhang Kai,Gao Huiwang,Zhang Renjian,et al.Sources and movement routes of sand-dust aerosols and their impact probabilities on China seas in 2000-2002[J].Advance in Earth Sciences,2005,20(6):627-636.]
[24]Wang H,Jia X.Field observations of windblown sand and dust in the takimakan desert,NW China,and insights into modern dust sources[J].Land Degradation&Development,2013,24(4):323-333.
[25]Wang Haibing,Jia Xiaopeng,Li Kuan,et al.Horizontal wind erosion flux and potential dust emission in arid andsemiarid regions of China:A major source area for East Asia dust storms[J].Catena,2015,133:373-384.
[2]Mctainsh G,Strong C.The role of aeolian dust in ecosystems[J].Geomorphology,2007,89(1-2):39-54.
[3]Uno I,Eguchi K,Yumimoto K,et al.Asian dust transported one full circuit around the globe[J].Nature Geoscience,2009,2(8):557-560.
[4]Notaro M,Yu Y,Kalashnikova O V.Regime shift in Arabian dust activity,triggered by persistent Fertile Crescent drought[J].Journal of Geophysical Research,2015,120(19):10 229-10 249.
[5]蒋雨荷,王式功,靳双龙,等.中国北方一次强沙尘暴天气过程的大气污染效应[J].干旱区研究,2018,35(6):1 344-1 351.[Jiang Yuhe,Wang Shigong,Jin Shuanglong,et al.Air pollution in a strong sandstorm in North China[J].Arid Zone Research,2018,35(6):1 344-1 351.]
[6]周成龙,杨兴华,钟昕洁,等.塔克拉玛干沙漠腹地沙尘天气特征[J].干旱区研究,2017,34(2):324-329.[Zhou Chenglong,Yang Xinghua,Zhong Xinjie,et al.Dust weather in hinterland of Taklamakan Desert[J].Arid Zone Research,2017,34(2):324-329.]
[7]延昊,王长耀,牛铮,等.东亚沙尘源地、沙尘输送路径的遥感研究[J].地理科学进展,2002,21(1):90-94.[Yan Hao,Wang Changyao,Niu Zheng,et al.Remote sensing study of tracks and source areas of Eastern Asian Dust[J].Progress in Geography,2002,21(1):90-94.]
[8]王存忠,牛生杰,王兰宁.中国50 a来沙尘暴变化特征[J].中国沙漠,2010,30(4):933-939.[Wang Cunzhong,Niu Shengjie,Wang Lanning.Spatial and temporal pattern of sand-dust storms in China During 1958-2007[J].Journal of Desert Research,2010,30(4):933-939.]
[9]冯鑫媛,王式功,程一帆,等.中国北方中西部沙尘暴气候特征[J].中国沙漠,2010,30(2):394-399.[Feng Xinyuan,Wang Shigong,Chen Yifan,et al.Climatic characteristics of dust storms in the middle and West of Northern China[J].Journal of Desert Research,2010,30(2):394-399.]
[10]钱正安,宋敏红,李万元.近50年来中国北方沙尘暴的分布及变化趋势分析[J].中国沙漠,2002,22(2):106-111.[Qian Zhengan,Song Minhong,Li Wanyuan.Analyses on distributive variation and forecast of sand-dust storms in recent 50 years in North China[J].Journal of Desert Research,2002,22(2):106-111.]
[11]韩同林.京津地区沙尘暴与盐碱尘暴浅析[J].科学,2008,60(1):46-49.[Han Tonglin.Analysis of dust storm and saline-alkali dust storm in Beijing and Tianjin area[J].Science,2008,60(1):46-49.]
[12]吉力力·阿不都外力.干旱区湖泊与盐尘暴[M].北京:中国环境科学出版社,2012.[Jili Abuduwaili.Lakes of Arid Land and Salt-dust Storms[M].Beijing:China Environmental Science Press,2012.]
[13]顾卫,蔡雪鹏,谢峰,等.植被覆盖与沙尘暴日数分布关系的探讨---以内蒙古中西部地区为例[J].地球科学进展,2002,17(2):273-277.[Gu Wei,Cai Xuepeng,Xie Feng,et al.Study on relationship between vegetation cover and distribution of days of sandstorm[J].Advance in Earth Sciences,2002,17(2):273-277.]
[14]陈思宇,黄建平,李景鑫,等.塔克拉玛干沙漠和戈壁沙尘起沙、传输和沉降的对比研究[J].中国科学:地球科学,2017,47(8):939-957.[Cheng Siyu,Huang Jianping,Li Jinxin,et al.Comparison of dust emissions,transport,and deposition between the Taklimakan Desert and Gobi Desert from 2007 to 2011[J].Scientia Sinica(Terrae),2017,47(8):939-957.]
[15]宋阳,刘连友,严平,等.中国北方5种下垫面对沙尘暴的影响研究[J].水土保持学报,2005,19(6):15-19.[Song Yang,Liu Lianyou,Yan Ping,et al.Influence of five types underlying surface on sand-Dust storm in Northern China[J].Journal of Soil Water Conservation,2005,19(6):15-19.]
[16]Pye K,Tsoar H.The mechanics and geological implications of dust transport and deposition in deserts with particular reference to loess formation and dune sand diagenesis in the northern Negev,Israel[J].Geological Society London Special Publications,1987,35(1):139-156.
[17]Mahowald,Natalie M.Ephemeral lakes and desert dust sources[J].Geophysical Research Letters,2003,30(2):1 074.
[18]Washington R,Todd M,Middleton N J,et al.Dust-storm source areas determined by the yotal ozone monitoring spectrometer and surface observations[J].Annals of the Association of American Geographers,2015,93(2):297-313.
[19]TegenIna.Impact of vegetation and preferential source areas on global dust aerosol:Results from a model study[J].Journal of Geophysical Research,2002,107(D21):4 576.
[20]朱震达,吴正,刘恕,等.中国沙漠概论[M].北京:科学出版社,1980:64-73.[Zhu Zhenda,Wu Zheng,Liu Shu,et al.Introduction to Chinese Deserts[M].Beijing:Science Press,1980:64-73.]
[21]袁国波.21世纪以来内蒙古沙尘暴特征及成因[J].中国沙漠,2017,37(6):1 204-1 209.[Yuan Guobo.Characteristics and cause of the sandstorm in Inner Mongolia in 2001-2015[J].Journal of Desert Research,2017,37(6):1 204-1 209.]
[22]元天刚,陈思宇,康丽泰,等.1961-2010年中国北方沙尘源区沙尘强度时空分布特征及变化趋势[J].干旱气象,2016,34(6):927-935.[Yuan Tiangang,Cheng Siyu,Kang Litai,et al.Temporal and spatial distribution characteristics and change trends of dust intensity in dust source regions of Northern China during1961-2010[J].Journal of Arid Meteorology,2016,34(6):927-935.]
[23]张凯,高会旺,张仁健,等.我国沙尘的来源、移动路径及对东部海域的影响[J].地球科学进展,2005,20(6):627-636.[Zhang Kai,Gao Huiwang,Zhang Renjian,et al.Sources and movement routes of sand-dust aerosols and their impact probabilities on China seas in 2000-2002[J].Advance in Earth Sciences,2005,20(6):627-636.]
[24]Wang H,Jia X.Field observations of windblown sand and dust in the takimakan desert,NW China,and insights into modern dust sources[J].Land Degradation&Development,2013,24(4):323-333.
[25]Wang Haibing,Jia Xiaopeng,Li Kuan,et al.Horizontal wind erosion flux and potential dust emission in arid andsemiarid regions of China:A major source area for East Asia dust storms[J].Catena,2015,133:373-384.