新疆雅满苏铁矿区碳酸盐岩地质地球化学特征及其对矿床成因的制约
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摘要
新疆雅满苏铁矿床赋存于下石炭统雅满苏组中,矿区发育火山岩、碳酸盐岩及矽卡岩,因此,研究碳酸盐岩与矽卡岩及成矿的关系对厘定矿床成因类型和指导找矿勘查具有重要的理论和实际意义。文章在野外地质剖面测制和调查研究的基础上,对矿区及外围碳酸盐岩进行了岩相学、主量元素、稀土元素及微量元素分析,探讨了矿区碳酸盐岩的地质、地球化学特征。研究结果表明,雅满苏铁矿区的碳酸盐岩含有浅海相生物化石、鲕粒结构及内碎屑构造,与火山岩互层产出,指示沉积作用及火山喷发活动发生于浅海环境;矿区碳酸盐岩岩石类型包括微晶灰岩、细晶灰岩、大理岩、含凝灰质大理岩、糜棱岩化碳酸盐岩和方解石构造片岩,它们的主量元素含量差别不大,说明在变质变形和成矿作用过程中没有主量元素组分的明显带入带出;稀土、微量元素含量除方解石构造片岩稍有降低外,其余岩性均变化不大,也表明变质变形和成矿作用过程中没有外来物质的明显加入,包括成矿物质;与矿体毗邻的碳酸盐岩为方解石构造片岩,没有发生矽卡岩化,表明该碳酸盐岩在构造及成矿作用过程中只发生了构造片理化和热液重结晶,没有发生接触交代。因此,雅满苏铁矿床不是狭义的矽卡岩(接触交代)型铁矿床,而是海相火山岩型铁矿床。研究区的矽卡岩并非是接触交代的产物,而应是火山热液交代含碳酸盐的火山岩而成。是否有下部地层中的碳酸盐岩提供成岩成矿物质还需要进一步研究。
The Yamansu iron deposit in Xinjiang is hosted in the lower Carboniferous Yamansu Formation.There are volcanic rocks,carbonatite and skarns in this iron deposit.Hence,the study of the relationship of carbonate rocks and skarns to metallogenisis has important theoretical and practical significance.Based on detailed field investigation,major elements analysis,REE analysis and trace elements analysis of carbonatite,the authors investigated the geological and geochemical features of the carbonatite in the Yamansu iron ore district and its periphery.The carbonatites,containing neritic facies fossil and ooids,are distributed with volcanic rocks alternately,suggesting that the sedimentation and volcanic eruption occurred in a shallow sea environment.The types of carbonatite include micrite,finely-crystalline limestone,marble,marble with tuffaceous,calc-mylonite and calcite-tectonic-schist.Little change of main elements shows that no main components were brought in or taken out.REE and microelements also show insignificant variation,except for calcite-tectonic-schists,whose total REE and other,trace elements are lower than those of other types of carbonate rocks.This also shows that no foreign materials( including metallogenetic materials) were brought in.The calcite-tectonic-schists,being adjacent to the orebodies,were not skarnized.The authors infer that,during the process of formation and mineralization,the carbonite was only affected by structural schistosity alteration and hydrothermal recrystallization without contact metasomatism.Hence,the Yamansu iron deposit is not a skarn deposit( contact-metasomatic deposit) in the narrow sense,but a marine volcanic type deposit.The skarns in the ore district were formed by metasomatism of volcanic hydrothermal solution rather than by contact metasomatic metamorphism.The problem whether the lower carbonate formation provided rock-forming and oreforming materials or not should be further studied.
The Yamansu iron deposit in Xinjiang is hosted in the lower Carboniferous Yamansu Formation.There are volcanic rocks,carbonatite and skarns in this iron deposit.Hence,the study of the relationship of carbonate rocks and skarns to metallogenisis has important theoretical and practical significance.Based on detailed field investigation,major elements analysis,REE analysis and trace elements analysis of carbonatite,the authors investigated the geological and geochemical features of the carbonatite in the Yamansu iron ore district and its periphery.The carbonatites,containing neritic facies fossil and ooids,are distributed with volcanic rocks alternately,suggesting that the sedimentation and volcanic eruption occurred in a shallow sea environment.The types of carbonatite include micrite,finely-crystalline limestone,marble,marble with tuffaceous,calc-mylonite and calcite-tectonic-schist.Little change of main elements shows that no main components were brought in or taken out.REE and microelements also show insignificant variation,except for calcite-tectonic-schists,whose total REE and other,trace elements are lower than those of other types of carbonate rocks.This also shows that no foreign materials( including metallogenetic materials) were brought in.The calcite-tectonic-schists,being adjacent to the orebodies,were not skarnized.The authors infer that,during the process of formation and mineralization,the carbonite was only affected by structural schistosity alteration and hydrothermal recrystallization without contact metasomatism.Hence,the Yamansu iron deposit is not a skarn deposit( contact-metasomatic deposit) in the narrow sense,but a marine volcanic type deposit.The skarns in the ore district were formed by metasomatism of volcanic hydrothermal solution rather than by contact metasomatic metamorphism.The problem whether the lower carbonate formation provided rock-forming and oreforming materials or not should be further studied.
引文
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Hou T,Zhang Z C,Santosh M,Encarnacion J,Zhu J and Luo W J.2014.Geochronology and geochemistry of submarine volcanic rocks in the Yamansu iron deposit,East Tianshan Mountains,NW China:Constraints on the metallogenesis[J].Ore Geology Reviews,56:487-502.
Jiang Z S,Zhang Z H,Wang Z H,Duan S G,Li F M and Tian J Q.2014.Geology,geochemistry,and geochronology of the Zhibo iron deposit in the western Tianshan,NW China:Constraints on metallogenesis and tectonic setting[J].Ore Geology Reviews,(57):406-424.
Li G R and Wu C Z.2013.Recent advances in skarn forming models and the Yamansu skarn related deposits[J].Geological Journal of China Universities,19(3):425-436(in Chinese with English abstract).
Li H M,Chen Y C,Li L X and Wang D H,et al.2012.Metallogeny of the iron deposits in China[M].Beijing:Geological Publishing House.1-246(in Chinese with English abstract).
Li H M,Ding J H,Li L X and Yao T.2014.The genesis of the skarn and the genetic type of the Yamansu iron deposit,eastern Tianshan,Xingjiang[J].Atca Geologica Sinica,88(12):2477-2489(in Chinese with English abstract).
Li J Y,Wang K Z,Li W Q,Guo H C,Song B,Wang Y,Mo S G,Zhao Z R,Zhu Z X and Pan C Z.2002.Tectonic evolution since the Late Paleozoic and mineral prospecting in eastern Tianshan Mountains NW China[J].Xinjiang Geology,20(4):295-301(in Chinese with English abstract).
Li J Y.2004.Late Neoproterozoic and Paleozoic tectonic framework and evolution of eastern Xinjiang,NW China[J].Geological Review,50(3):304-322(in Chinese with English abstract).
Liu D Q,Tang Y L and Zhou R H.1996.Deposit metallogenic series in Xinjiang,China[M].Beijing:Geological Publishing House.26-49(in Chinese).
Lu D R,Ji J S,Lu R S and Tao H X.1995.Geochemical characteristics and genesis of Yamansu iron deposit,Xinjiang[J].Northwestern Geology,16(1):15-19(in Chinese with English abstract).
Luo T,Liao Q A,Chen J P,Zhang X H,Guo D B and Hu Z C.2012.LA-ICP-MS Zircon U-Pb dating of the volcanic rocks from Yamansu formation in the eastern Tianshan,and its geological significance[J].Earth Science-Journal of China University of Geosciences,37(6):1338-1352(in Chinese with English abstract).
Maravic H V and Morteani G.1980.Petrology and geochemistry of the carbonatite and syenite complex of Lueshe(N.E.Zaire)[J].Lithos,(13):159-170.
No.6 Team of Xinjiang Geological Prospecting Bureau.2012.Supplementary exploration report of Yamansu iron deposit[R].(in Chinese).
Qin K Z,Fang T H,Wang S L,Zhu B Q,Yu H F and Xiu Q Y.2002.Plate tectonics division,evolution and metallogenic settings in eastern Tianshan Mountains,NW-China[J].Xinjiang Geology,20(4):302-308(in Chinese with English abstract).
Wang D H and Chen Y C.2001.A preliminary study on the metallogenic series type of Fe-Cu-Pb-Zn ore deposits related to submarine volcanism and its origin[J].Mineral Deposits,20(2):112-118(in Chinese with English abstract).
Wang L C,Wang Y T,Chen X F,Ma S Q,Wang Z H and Yu C F.2013.Mieralogy,mieral chemistry and genesis of the Hongyuntan iron deposit in East Tianshan Mountains,Xinjiang[J].Acta Petrologica et Mineralogica,32(4):431-449(in Chinese with English abstract).
Wang Z F,Tan Z X,Tan K B,Li J,Xie D K,Wu F,Shi X J and Lu WW.2012.Geologic feature and metallogenic model of Yamansu iron deposit,Hami,Xingjiang[J].Western-China Exploration Engineering,(10):177-180(in Chinese with English abstract).
Wang Z T.1980.A distussion on minerogenetic model of hongyuntan iron deposit in the northern Tianshan Mountain[J].Bulletin Chinese A-cademy of Geological Sciences,1(2):151-126(in Chinese with English abstract).
Xinjiang Geological Survey.2010.Report of iron resource assessment in Xinjiang[R].(in Chinese).
Xu L G,Mao J W,Yang F Q,Hennig D and Zheng J M.2010.Geology,geochemistry and age constraints on the Mengku skarn iron deposit in Xinjiang Altay,NW China[J].Asian Earth Sciences,39:423-440.
Yang F Q,Mao J W,Liu F,Chai F M,Guo Z L,Zhou G,Geng X Xand Gao J.2010.Geochronology and geochemistry of the granites from the Mengku iron deposit,Altay Mountains,northwest China:Implications for its tectonic setting and metallogenesis[J].Australian Journal of Earth Science,57(6):803-818.
Zhang H W and Xie L X.2001.New views on origin of Yamansu iron deposit in Xinjiang autonomous region[J].Journal of Changchun Institute of Technology(Natural Science edition),2(4):26-29(in Chinese with English abstract).
Zhang J and Zhang X Z.1996.Geologic-geochemical features of Yamasun iron deposit in Hami[J].Xinjiang Geology,14(2):170-180(in Chinese with English abstract).
Zhang Z H,Hong W,Jiang Z S,Duan S G,Li F M and Shi F P.2014.Geological characteristics and metallogenesis of iron deposits in western Tianshan,China[J].Ore Geology Reviews,(57):425-440.
A.B.Лапиь.1987.碳酸岩与大理岩相互作用的地球化学[J].刘铁庚,译.地质地球化学,15(10):38-44.
丁天府.1990.新疆雅满苏组层控型铁矿的地质特征[J].中国区域地质,(3):269-271.
董连慧,冯京,刘德权,屈迅,唐延龄,庄道泽,李凤鸣,杨在峰,涂其军.2013.新疆铁矿床成矿规律及成矿预测评价[M].北京:地质出版社.16-55.
郭峰.2011.碳酸盐岩沉积学[M].北京:石油工业出版社.121-250.
郭一华,强子同.1983.碳酸盐成岩环境的标志[J].矿物岩石,3(1):76-82.
黎广荣,吴昌志.2013.矽卡岩成因模式研究进展:兼论新疆雅满苏铁矿的成因[J].高校地质学报,19(3):425-436.
李厚民,陈毓川,李立兴,王登红,等.2012.中国铁矿成矿规律[M].北京:地质出版社.1-246.
李厚民,丁建华,李立兴,姚通.2014.东天山雅满苏铁矿床矽卡岩成因及矿床成因类型[J].地质学报,88(12):2477-2489.
李锦轶,王克卓,李文铅,郭华春,宋彪,王瑜,莫申国,赵子然,朱志新,潘成泽.2002.东天山晚古生代以来大地构造与矿产勘查[J].新疆地质,20(4):295-301.
李锦轶.2004.新疆东部新元古代晚期和古生代构造格局及其演变[J].地质论评,50(3):304-322.
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