磁铁矿中硅的赋存状态研究进展:兼论新疆雅满苏铁矿床中磁铁矿晶体化学特征
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摘要
磁铁矿广泛出现于各种类型的岩石中,具有反尖晶石结构。Si与Fe无论是从离子半径还是从电子的获取能力上均存在较大区别,然而无论是利用电子探针分析还是湿化学法,很多研究均表明:磁铁矿晶体中含有一定数量的硅。目前,硅是否类似于Al、Mg、Ti等元素,以类质同象的方式进入磁铁矿晶格目前尚不明确。已有研究表明Si在磁铁矿中的含量对磁铁矿的生成环境(成矿环境)有较大的指示意义:热液环境中生成的磁铁矿晶体的SiO_2的含量可达6.19 wt%,而在一些正岩浆型的磁铁矿中,SiO_2的含量常常低于电子探针的检出限。结合实际研究资料,尝试阐明新疆哈密地区雅满苏矽卡岩型矿床磁铁矿晶体中硅的可能赋存状态。研究表明,新疆雅满苏矽卡岩型磁铁矿矿床中的磁铁矿中SiO_2的含量相对较高,而且Si的含量与Fe~(3+)含量呈明显的线性负相关关系;穆斯堡尔谱结果亦指示Si替换了四面体上Fe~(3+)的位置,并且在八面体位置上四极分裂愈大,类质同象替代愈加广泛。
Magnetite,which has an inverse spinel structure,occurs widely from hydrothermal to magmatic rocks. As has been known for long time,it carries some foreign elements such as Al and Ti,even silicon. Silicon and iron are quite different,either from the ionic radii or electron-obtaining ability. However,both electron microprobe data and wet chemical methods analyses show that magnetite contains certain amount of silicon. Whether the silicon is similar to Al,Mg and Ti,entering into the magnetite lattice,is not clear. Studies have shown that silicon content in magnetite may be related to diagenetic environment. In the hydrothermal environment,silicon content may be up to 6. 19 wt%; whereas in magmatic ones,it seems that silicon content is mostly under detection limit. The aim of this study is to identify the status of silicon in magnetite and decipher the relations between silicon content and diagenetic environments. Study on the Yamansu skarn-type magnetite shows that( 1) silicon content in magnetite from Yanmansu skarn-type deposit is relatively high and the contents of Si and Fe~(3+)have obvious negative linear relationship;( 2) Mssbauer spectrum results also indicate that Si replaces theposition of Fe~(3+)in the tetrahedron and the more quadruple splitting in the octahedral,the more widely isomorphous substitution.
Magnetite,which has an inverse spinel structure,occurs widely from hydrothermal to magmatic rocks. As has been known for long time,it carries some foreign elements such as Al and Ti,even silicon. Silicon and iron are quite different,either from the ionic radii or electron-obtaining ability. However,both electron microprobe data and wet chemical methods analyses show that magnetite contains certain amount of silicon. Whether the silicon is similar to Al,Mg and Ti,entering into the magnetite lattice,is not clear. Studies have shown that silicon content in magnetite may be related to diagenetic environment. In the hydrothermal environment,silicon content may be up to 6. 19 wt%; whereas in magmatic ones,it seems that silicon content is mostly under detection limit. The aim of this study is to identify the status of silicon in magnetite and decipher the relations between silicon content and diagenetic environments. Study on the Yamansu skarn-type magnetite shows that( 1) silicon content in magnetite from Yanmansu skarn-type deposit is relatively high and the contents of Si and Fe~(3+)have obvious negative linear relationship;( 2) Mssbauer spectrum results also indicate that Si replaces theposition of Fe~(3+)in the tetrahedron and the more quadruple splitting in the octahedral,the more widely isomorphous substitution.
引文
胡浩,段壮.2014.鄂东程潮铁矿床磁铁矿的微量元素组成及其矿床成因意义[J].岩石学报,30(5):1292-1306.
贾群子.1991.从磁铁矿的标型特征论天湖铁矿的成因[J].西北地质,(1):19-25.
金永君.2004.穆斯堡尔谱法及其应用[J].物理与工程,14(5):49-51.
黎广荣,吴昌志.2013.矽卡岩成因模式研究进展:兼论新疆雅满苏铁矿的成因[J].高校地质学报,19(3):425-436.
李锦轶,王克卓,李文铅,等.2002.东天山晚古生代以来大地构造与矿产勘查[J].新疆地质,20(4):295-301.
林师整.1982.磁铁矿矿物化学成因及演化的探讨[J].矿物学报,(3):8-16.
卢登蓉,姬金生,吕仁生,等.1995.新疆雅满苏铁矿地球化学特征及矿床成因[J].西北地质,(1):15-19.
王筱明,周云簾.1987.天然磁铁矿类质同象替代的穆斯堡尔谱的研究[J].华东地质学院学报,(3):43-47.
王兴保.2005.雅满苏铁矿床地质特征及成因浅析[J].地质找矿论丛,20(B08):125-128.
吴功保,黄民智,唐绍华.1985.天然磁铁矿中铁的占位分布和类质同象替代的穆斯堡尔研究[J].矿物学报,(2):75-80.
徐国风,邵洁涟.1979.磁铁矿标型特征及其实际意义[J].地质与勘探,(3):30-37.
徐海斌.2004.穆斯堡尔效应及分析在磁性材料研制中的应用[J].现代冶金,32(3):23-25.
张江,张相周.1996.哈密雅满苏铁矿床地质地球化学特征[J].新疆地质,(2):170-180.
郑国东.2008.基于穆斯堡尔谱技术的铁化学种及其在相关表生地球科学研究中的应用[J].矿物岩石地球化学通报,27(2):161-168.
郑裕芳,余正,卢敬业,等.1986.磁铁矿的穆斯堡尔谱研究[J].矿物学报,(1):94-98+103.
Akimoto S.1954.Thermo-magnetic study of ferromagnetic minerals contained in igneous rocks[J].Journal of Geomagnetism and Geoelectricity,6(1):1-14.
Azevedo R C S,Sousa R G,Macedo W A A,et al.2014.Combining mesoporous silica-magnetite and thermally-sensitive polymers for applications in hyperthermia[J].Journal of Sol-Gel Science and Technology,72(2):208-218.
Bowles J F W,Waughan D J,Hawie R A,et al.2011.Rock-forming Minerals Vol.5A:Non-silicates:oxides,Hydroxides and sulphides-2edition[M].Geological Society of London,401-437.
Byrappa K,Yoshimura M and Byrappa K.2001.Handbook of hydrothermal technology-a technology for crystal growth and materials processing[J].William Andrew.
Cieslak J,Dubiel S M,Orewczyk J,et al.1997.M9ssbauer-effect study of Ca-substituted magnetites[J].Journal De Physique IV,7(1):C1-589-C1-590.
Coker V S,Pearce C I,Lang C,et al.2007.Cation site occupancy of biogenic magnetite compared to polygenic ferrite spinels determined by X-ray magnetic circular dichroism[J].European Journal of Mineralogy,19(5):707-716.
Dare SAS,Barnes S J and Beaudoin G.2012a.Variation in trace element content of magnetite crystallized from a fractionating sulfide iquid,Sudbury,Canada:Implicaions for provenance discrimination[J].Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta,88(7):27-50.
Dubiel S M,Cieslak J,Orewczyk J,et al.1998.M9ssbauer-effect study of calciomagnetites[J].Acta Physica Polonica,93(3):547-561.
Dupuis C and Beaudoin G.2011.Discriminant diagrams for iron oxide trace element fingerprinting of mineral deposit types[J].Mineralium Deposita,46(4):319-335.
Dyar M D,Agresti D G,Schaefer M W,et al.2006.M9ssbauer spectroscopy of earth and planetary materials[J].Annual Review of Earth&Planetary Sciences,34(1):83-125.
Harrison R J,Dove M T,Knight K S,et al.1999.In-situ neutron diffraction study of non-convergent cation ordering in the(Fe3O4)(sub 1-x)(Mg Al2O4)x spinel solid solution[J].American Mineralogist,84(4):555-563.
Hu H,Li J W,Lentz D,et al.2014.Dissolution-reprecipitation process of magnetite from the Chengchao iron deposit:Insights into ore genesis and implication for insituchemical analysis of magnetite[J].Ore Geology,57(1):393-405.
Huberty J M,Konishi H,Heck P R,et al.2012.Silician magnetite from the Dales Gorge Member of the Brockman Iron Formation,Hamersley Group,Western Australia[J].American Mineralogist,97(1):26-37.
Li G,Wu C Z and Branquet Y.2014.Comment on“Geochronology and geochemistry of submarine volcanic rocks in the Yamansu iron deposit,Eastern Tianshan Mountains,NW China:Constraints on the metallogenesis”by Tong Hou,Zhaochong Zhang,M.Santosh,John Encarnacion,Jiang Zhu,Wenjuan Luo[Ore Geology Review,56(2014):487-502]"[J].Ore Geology Reviews,63(0):343-345.
Li G.2012.Iron ore deposits in the eastern Tianshan Orogenic Belt(China):the magnetite-skarn-magmatism association[D].Ph Dthesis,University of Orleans.
Mao J,Goldfarb R,Wang Y,et al.2005.Late Paleozoic base and precious metal deposits,East Tianshan,Xinjiang,China:Characteristics and geodynamic setting[J].Episodes,28(1):23-36.
Nell J and Wood B J.1989.Thermodynamic properties in a multicomponent solid-solution involving cation disorder Fe3O4-Mg Fe2O4-Fe Al2O4-Mg Al2O4spinel[J].American Mineralogist,74:1000-1015
Newberry N G,Peacor D R,Essene E J,et al.1982.Silicon in magnetite:High resolution microanalysis of magnetite-ilmenite intergrowths[J].Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology,80(4):334-340.
O’Neil H S C and Navrotsky A.1984.Cation distributions and thermodynamic properties of binary spinel solid solutions[J].American Mineralogist,69(7-8):733-753.
Pang K N,Zhou M F,Lindsley D,et al.2008.Origin of Fe-Ti Oxide Ores in Mafic Intrusions:Evidence from the Panzhihua Intrusion,SWChina[J].Journal of Petrology,49(2):295-313.
Pattrick R A D,Gerrit V D L,Henderson C M B,et al.2002.Cation site occupancy in spinel ferrites studied by X-ray magnetic circular dichroism:developing a method for mineralogists[J].European Journal of Mineralogy,14(6):1095-1102.
Pearce C I,Henderson C M B,Telling N D,et al.2010.Fe site occupancy in magnetite-ulv9spinel solid solutions:A new approach using X-ray magnetic circular dichroism[J].American Mineralogist,95(4):425-439.
Pearce C I,Henderson M B,Pattrick R A D,et al.2006.Direct determination of cation site occupancies in natural ferrite spinels by L2,3 X-ray absorption spectroscopy and X-ray magnetic circular dichroism[J].American Mineralogist,91(5-6):880-893.
Shiga Y.1989.Further study on silician magnetite[J].Mining Geology,39:305-309.
Shimazaki H.2008.On the occurrence of silician magnetites[J].Resource Geology,48(1):23-29.
Singoyi B,Danyushevsky L,Davidson G J,et al.2006.Determination of Trace Elements in Magnetites from Hydrothermal Deposits Using the LA-ICP-MS Technique[M].Denver,USA:SEG Keystone Conference.
Sorescu M,Mihaila-Tarabasanu D and Diamandescu L.1998.Structure and Magnetic Properties of Co,Ni,Mn,Cr and Cu Substituted Magnetites[M].Mrs Proceedings,517.
Von Gruenewaldt G,Klemm D D,Henckel J,et al.1985.Exsolution features in titanomagnetites from massive magnetite layers and their host rocks of the upper zone,eastern Bushveld Complex[J].Econ.Geol.,80(4):1049-1061.
Wechsler B A,Lindsley D H and Prewitt C T.1984.Crystal structure and cation distribution in titanomagnetites(Fe(sub 3-x)TixO4)[J].American Mineralogist,69(7-8):754-770.
Westendorp R W,Watkinson D H and Jonasson I R.1991.Siliconbearing zoned magnetite crystals and the evolution of hydrothermal fluids at the Ansil Cu-Zn mine,Rouyn-Noranda,Quebec[J].Economic Geology,86(5):1110-1114.
Xu H F,Shen Z H,Konishi H,et al.2014.Si-magnetite Nanoprecipitates in silician magnetite from banded iron formation:Z-contrast imaging and ab initio study[J].American Mineralogish,99(11-12):2196-2202.
(1)八一钢铁公司内部地质报告,1977;XBGMR,1993.
贾群子.1991.从磁铁矿的标型特征论天湖铁矿的成因[J].西北地质,(1):19-25.
金永君.2004.穆斯堡尔谱法及其应用[J].物理与工程,14(5):49-51.
黎广荣,吴昌志.2013.矽卡岩成因模式研究进展:兼论新疆雅满苏铁矿的成因[J].高校地质学报,19(3):425-436.
李锦轶,王克卓,李文铅,等.2002.东天山晚古生代以来大地构造与矿产勘查[J].新疆地质,20(4):295-301.
林师整.1982.磁铁矿矿物化学成因及演化的探讨[J].矿物学报,(3):8-16.
卢登蓉,姬金生,吕仁生,等.1995.新疆雅满苏铁矿地球化学特征及矿床成因[J].西北地质,(1):15-19.
王筱明,周云簾.1987.天然磁铁矿类质同象替代的穆斯堡尔谱的研究[J].华东地质学院学报,(3):43-47.
王兴保.2005.雅满苏铁矿床地质特征及成因浅析[J].地质找矿论丛,20(B08):125-128.
吴功保,黄民智,唐绍华.1985.天然磁铁矿中铁的占位分布和类质同象替代的穆斯堡尔研究[J].矿物学报,(2):75-80.
徐国风,邵洁涟.1979.磁铁矿标型特征及其实际意义[J].地质与勘探,(3):30-37.
徐海斌.2004.穆斯堡尔效应及分析在磁性材料研制中的应用[J].现代冶金,32(3):23-25.
张江,张相周.1996.哈密雅满苏铁矿床地质地球化学特征[J].新疆地质,(2):170-180.
郑国东.2008.基于穆斯堡尔谱技术的铁化学种及其在相关表生地球科学研究中的应用[J].矿物岩石地球化学通报,27(2):161-168.
郑裕芳,余正,卢敬业,等.1986.磁铁矿的穆斯堡尔谱研究[J].矿物学报,(1):94-98+103.
Akimoto S.1954.Thermo-magnetic study of ferromagnetic minerals contained in igneous rocks[J].Journal of Geomagnetism and Geoelectricity,6(1):1-14.
Azevedo R C S,Sousa R G,Macedo W A A,et al.2014.Combining mesoporous silica-magnetite and thermally-sensitive polymers for applications in hyperthermia[J].Journal of Sol-Gel Science and Technology,72(2):208-218.
Bowles J F W,Waughan D J,Hawie R A,et al.2011.Rock-forming Minerals Vol.5A:Non-silicates:oxides,Hydroxides and sulphides-2edition[M].Geological Society of London,401-437.
Byrappa K,Yoshimura M and Byrappa K.2001.Handbook of hydrothermal technology-a technology for crystal growth and materials processing[J].William Andrew.
Cieslak J,Dubiel S M,Orewczyk J,et al.1997.M9ssbauer-effect study of Ca-substituted magnetites[J].Journal De Physique IV,7(1):C1-589-C1-590.
Coker V S,Pearce C I,Lang C,et al.2007.Cation site occupancy of biogenic magnetite compared to polygenic ferrite spinels determined by X-ray magnetic circular dichroism[J].European Journal of Mineralogy,19(5):707-716.
Dare SAS,Barnes S J and Beaudoin G.2012a.Variation in trace element content of magnetite crystallized from a fractionating sulfide iquid,Sudbury,Canada:Implicaions for provenance discrimination[J].Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta,88(7):27-50.
Dubiel S M,Cieslak J,Orewczyk J,et al.1998.M9ssbauer-effect study of calciomagnetites[J].Acta Physica Polonica,93(3):547-561.
Dupuis C and Beaudoin G.2011.Discriminant diagrams for iron oxide trace element fingerprinting of mineral deposit types[J].Mineralium Deposita,46(4):319-335.
Dyar M D,Agresti D G,Schaefer M W,et al.2006.M9ssbauer spectroscopy of earth and planetary materials[J].Annual Review of Earth&Planetary Sciences,34(1):83-125.
Harrison R J,Dove M T,Knight K S,et al.1999.In-situ neutron diffraction study of non-convergent cation ordering in the(Fe3O4)(sub 1-x)(Mg Al2O4)x spinel solid solution[J].American Mineralogist,84(4):555-563.
Hu H,Li J W,Lentz D,et al.2014.Dissolution-reprecipitation process of magnetite from the Chengchao iron deposit:Insights into ore genesis and implication for insituchemical analysis of magnetite[J].Ore Geology,57(1):393-405.
Huberty J M,Konishi H,Heck P R,et al.2012.Silician magnetite from the Dales Gorge Member of the Brockman Iron Formation,Hamersley Group,Western Australia[J].American Mineralogist,97(1):26-37.
Li G,Wu C Z and Branquet Y.2014.Comment on“Geochronology and geochemistry of submarine volcanic rocks in the Yamansu iron deposit,Eastern Tianshan Mountains,NW China:Constraints on the metallogenesis”by Tong Hou,Zhaochong Zhang,M.Santosh,John Encarnacion,Jiang Zhu,Wenjuan Luo[Ore Geology Review,56(2014):487-502]"[J].Ore Geology Reviews,63(0):343-345.
Li G.2012.Iron ore deposits in the eastern Tianshan Orogenic Belt(China):the magnetite-skarn-magmatism association[D].Ph Dthesis,University of Orleans.
Mao J,Goldfarb R,Wang Y,et al.2005.Late Paleozoic base and precious metal deposits,East Tianshan,Xinjiang,China:Characteristics and geodynamic setting[J].Episodes,28(1):23-36.
Nell J and Wood B J.1989.Thermodynamic properties in a multicomponent solid-solution involving cation disorder Fe3O4-Mg Fe2O4-Fe Al2O4-Mg Al2O4spinel[J].American Mineralogist,74:1000-1015
Newberry N G,Peacor D R,Essene E J,et al.1982.Silicon in magnetite:High resolution microanalysis of magnetite-ilmenite intergrowths[J].Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology,80(4):334-340.
O’Neil H S C and Navrotsky A.1984.Cation distributions and thermodynamic properties of binary spinel solid solutions[J].American Mineralogist,69(7-8):733-753.
Pang K N,Zhou M F,Lindsley D,et al.2008.Origin of Fe-Ti Oxide Ores in Mafic Intrusions:Evidence from the Panzhihua Intrusion,SWChina[J].Journal of Petrology,49(2):295-313.
Pattrick R A D,Gerrit V D L,Henderson C M B,et al.2002.Cation site occupancy in spinel ferrites studied by X-ray magnetic circular dichroism:developing a method for mineralogists[J].European Journal of Mineralogy,14(6):1095-1102.
Pearce C I,Henderson C M B,Telling N D,et al.2010.Fe site occupancy in magnetite-ulv9spinel solid solutions:A new approach using X-ray magnetic circular dichroism[J].American Mineralogist,95(4):425-439.
Pearce C I,Henderson M B,Pattrick R A D,et al.2006.Direct determination of cation site occupancies in natural ferrite spinels by L2,3 X-ray absorption spectroscopy and X-ray magnetic circular dichroism[J].American Mineralogist,91(5-6):880-893.
Shiga Y.1989.Further study on silician magnetite[J].Mining Geology,39:305-309.
Shimazaki H.2008.On the occurrence of silician magnetites[J].Resource Geology,48(1):23-29.
Singoyi B,Danyushevsky L,Davidson G J,et al.2006.Determination of Trace Elements in Magnetites from Hydrothermal Deposits Using the LA-ICP-MS Technique[M].Denver,USA:SEG Keystone Conference.
Sorescu M,Mihaila-Tarabasanu D and Diamandescu L.1998.Structure and Magnetic Properties of Co,Ni,Mn,Cr and Cu Substituted Magnetites[M].Mrs Proceedings,517.
Von Gruenewaldt G,Klemm D D,Henckel J,et al.1985.Exsolution features in titanomagnetites from massive magnetite layers and their host rocks of the upper zone,eastern Bushveld Complex[J].Econ.Geol.,80(4):1049-1061.
Wechsler B A,Lindsley D H and Prewitt C T.1984.Crystal structure and cation distribution in titanomagnetites(Fe(sub 3-x)TixO4)[J].American Mineralogist,69(7-8):754-770.
Westendorp R W,Watkinson D H and Jonasson I R.1991.Siliconbearing zoned magnetite crystals and the evolution of hydrothermal fluids at the Ansil Cu-Zn mine,Rouyn-Noranda,Quebec[J].Economic Geology,86(5):1110-1114.
Xu H F,Shen Z H,Konishi H,et al.2014.Si-magnetite Nanoprecipitates in silician magnetite from banded iron formation:Z-contrast imaging and ab initio study[J].American Mineralogish,99(11-12):2196-2202.
(1)八一钢铁公司内部地质报告,1977;XBGMR,1993.