甘肃漳县墩坪墓地2015年发掘简报
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摘要
墩坪墓地位于甘肃省漳县县城西15公里、漳河北岸三岔镇北的二级台地上。2015年,甘肃省文物考古研究所等单位在墩坪墓地抢救性发掘了东周墓43座。墓葬形制有竖穴土坑墓、竖穴土坑偏室墓、带斜坡墓道的竖穴土坑墓和洞室墓四类,以前两者为主。葬式多为单人仰身直肢葬,头东脚西。随葬铜、铁、陶、骨器等。铜器包括车马器、兵器、工具等,陶器较少。墓中皆盛行殉牲。根据出土器物和葬俗特征判断,墩坪墓地的主体年代为春秋晚期至战国中期,个别墓葬年代可晚到战国晚期至秦统一,这类墓葬很有可能是秦人西进的体现。
The Dunping Cemetery is located on the secondary terrace of the north bank of the Zhang River to the north of Sancha Town 15 km to the west of the Zhangxian County seat, Gansu Province. In 2015,Gansu Provincial Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology excavated 43 burials of the Eastern Zhou Period in this cemetery. These burials could be classified into four forms, which are vertical earthen shaft pit burials, earthen cave burials with vertical earthen shaft passage and sideway cave chamber, vertical earthen shaft pit burials with ramp passage, and earthen cave burials, and the former two take the majority. The occupants of these burials are mostly interred in single extended supine position heading east; the grave goods unearthed from these burials included bronzes, iron wares, pottery wares, bone implements, etc.; the bronzes are mainly chariot and horse fittings, weapons, tools, etc.; pottery wares take a very small proportion.Animal victims are popular in these burials. The unearthed artifacts and funeral customs of these burials show that the date of the main body of the Dunping Cemetery was from the late Spring-and-Autumn to the mid Warring-States Periods, and that of some of the burials might be as late as the late Warring-States Period to the unification of the Qin Dynasty; the burials represented by these ones are very probably the reflection of the westward advance of the Qin people.
The Dunping Cemetery is located on the secondary terrace of the north bank of the Zhang River to the north of Sancha Town 15 km to the west of the Zhangxian County seat, Gansu Province. In 2015,Gansu Provincial Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology excavated 43 burials of the Eastern Zhou Period in this cemetery. These burials could be classified into four forms, which are vertical earthen shaft pit burials, earthen cave burials with vertical earthen shaft passage and sideway cave chamber, vertical earthen shaft pit burials with ramp passage, and earthen cave burials, and the former two take the majority. The occupants of these burials are mostly interred in single extended supine position heading east; the grave goods unearthed from these burials included bronzes, iron wares, pottery wares, bone implements, etc.; the bronzes are mainly chariot and horse fittings, weapons, tools, etc.; pottery wares take a very small proportion.Animal victims are popular in these burials. The unearthed artifacts and funeral customs of these burials show that the date of the main body of the Dunping Cemetery was from the late Spring-and-Autumn to the mid Warring-States Periods, and that of some of the burials might be as late as the late Warring-States Period to the unification of the Qin Dynasty; the burials represented by these ones are very probably the reflection of the westward advance of the Qin people.
引文
[1]四川省文物考古研究院等《什邡城关战国秦汉墓地》,第259页,文物出版社,2006年。
[2]陕西省考古研究所《陇县店子秦墓》,第107页,三秦出版社,1998年。
[3]雍城考古队《陕西凤翔高庄秦墓地发掘简报》,《考古与文物》1981年第1期。
[4]宁夏文物考古研究所等《宁夏固原杨郎青铜文化墓地》,《考古学报》1993年第1期。
[5]陕西省考古研究院《西安尤家庄秦墓》,第51~54页,陕西科学技术出版社,2008年。
[6]同[2],第98页。
[7]早期秦文化联合考古队等《张家川马家塬战国墓地2008-2009年发掘简报》,《文物》2010年第10期。
[8]《史记·秦本纪第五》,第202页,中华书局,1973年。
[2]陕西省考古研究所《陇县店子秦墓》,第107页,三秦出版社,1998年。
[3]雍城考古队《陕西凤翔高庄秦墓地发掘简报》,《考古与文物》1981年第1期。
[4]宁夏文物考古研究所等《宁夏固原杨郎青铜文化墓地》,《考古学报》1993年第1期。
[5]陕西省考古研究院《西安尤家庄秦墓》,第51~54页,陕西科学技术出版社,2008年。
[6]同[2],第98页。
[7]早期秦文化联合考古队等《张家川马家塬战国墓地2008-2009年发掘简报》,《文物》2010年第10期。
[8]《史记·秦本纪第五》,第202页,中华书局,1973年。