葡光互补栽培对吐鲁番无核白葡萄果实品质的影响
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摘要
为了找到合适的光伏板密度,为葡光互补新型栽培模式的推广提供依据,设置葡光互补栽培钢架未安装光伏板(CK)、光伏板间隔1.5 m(C1)、光伏板间隔1.0 m(C2)、光伏板间隔0.5 m(C3)和传统小棚架葡萄园(NEA)共5个处理,测定葡光互补栽培模式和传统小棚架下无核白果实的外观品质和内在品质,并使用方差分析和主成分分析法比较各处理果实品质的差异。结果表明,与CK相比,无论是光伏板遮阴还是传统的低矮小棚架对无核白果实的外观品质均无显著影响,但显著降低了葡萄果实的可溶性固形物、果糖和葡萄糖含量。通过主成分分析发现,按照各处理的果实品质综合得分由高到低排序为:CK,C2,NEA,C3,C1。处理CK和C2的综合得分分别为75.88、75.16,分别排名第1位、第2位,明显高于NEA的综合得分(50.45),C3和C1处理的综合得分分别为47.86、45.30,与NEA综合得分相近。因此,在综合考量葡萄品质和光伏板发电效益的情况下,在吐鲁番地区宜选择光伏板间隔1.0 m的葡光互补栽培模式进行推广。
In order to find suitable density of photovoltaic panels, and to provide some bases for a new extending cultivation mode of grape-photovoltaic panel complementation, appearance quality and internal quality of Thompson Seedless Grape fruits were determined under grape-photovoltaic panels complementation cultivation model and small traditional trellis, and differences of fruit quality between each treatment were compared by variance analysis and principal component analysis. The five treatments were no photovoltaic panel on trellis(CK), photovoltaic panel spacing of 1.5 m(C1), photovoltaic panel spacing of 1.0 m(C2), photovoltaic panel spacing of 0.5 m(C3), and small traditional trellis(NEA), respectively. The results showed that compared with CK, both photovoltaic panel shading and small traditional trellis had no significant effects on appearance quality of Thompson Seedless Grape fruits, but significantly reduced contents of soluble solids, fructose and glucose in fruits. The results of principal component analysis showed that, the order of each treatment based on comprehensive scores of fruit quality from high to low was CK, C2, NEA,C3, C1. The comprehensive scores of CK and C2 treatments were 75.88 and 75.16, ranking the first and the second respectively, which were significantly higher than the comprehensive score(50.45) of NEA treatment. The comprehensive scores of C3 and C1 treatments were 47.86 and 45.30, which were similar to the comprehensive score of NEA treatment.Therefore, through comprehensively considering grape quality and photovoltaic panel power generation benefits, it was recommended to extend the cultivation model of grape-photovoltaic panels complementation with photovoltaic panel spacing of 1.0 m in Turpan.
In order to find suitable density of photovoltaic panels, and to provide some bases for a new extending cultivation mode of grape-photovoltaic panel complementation, appearance quality and internal quality of Thompson Seedless Grape fruits were determined under grape-photovoltaic panels complementation cultivation model and small traditional trellis, and differences of fruit quality between each treatment were compared by variance analysis and principal component analysis. The five treatments were no photovoltaic panel on trellis(CK), photovoltaic panel spacing of 1.5 m(C1), photovoltaic panel spacing of 1.0 m(C2), photovoltaic panel spacing of 0.5 m(C3), and small traditional trellis(NEA), respectively. The results showed that compared with CK, both photovoltaic panel shading and small traditional trellis had no significant effects on appearance quality of Thompson Seedless Grape fruits, but significantly reduced contents of soluble solids, fructose and glucose in fruits. The results of principal component analysis showed that, the order of each treatment based on comprehensive scores of fruit quality from high to low was CK, C2, NEA,C3, C1. The comprehensive scores of CK and C2 treatments were 75.88 and 75.16, ranking the first and the second respectively, which were significantly higher than the comprehensive score(50.45) of NEA treatment. The comprehensive scores of C3 and C1 treatments were 47.86 and 45.30, which were similar to the comprehensive score of NEA treatment.Therefore, through comprehensively considering grape quality and photovoltaic panel power generation benefits, it was recommended to extend the cultivation model of grape-photovoltaic panels complementation with photovoltaic panel spacing of 1.0 m in Turpan.
引文
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[26]刘敏,成正龙,张晋升,等.遮阳网对酿酒葡萄果实及葡萄酒品质的影响[J].西北植物学报,2017,37(9):1764-1772.
[27]蒯传化,刘三军,吴国良,等.葡萄日灼病阈值温度及主要影响因子分析[J].园艺学报,2009,36(8):1093-1098.
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[2]贺普超.葡萄学[M].北京:中国农业出版社,1999.
[3]廖康.新疆葡萄生产现状和发展方向[J].新疆农业大学学报,2002,25(4):54-56.
[4]张睿佳,李瑛,虞秀明,等.高温胁迫与外源油菜素内酯对‘巨峰’葡萄叶片光合生理和果实品质的影响[J].果树学报,2015,32(4):590-596.
[5]吴月燕.高温胁迫对藤稔葡萄生长结果的影响[J].果树学报,2001,18(5):280-283.
[6]KADOWAKI M,YANO A,FUMITO I,et al.Effects of greenhouse photovoltaic array shading on welsh onion growth[J].Biosystems Engineering,2012(3):290-297.
[7]束胜,余炅桦,陶美奇,等.光伏温室对普通白菜生长、光合作用及品质的影响[J].中国蔬菜,2017(4):44-47.
[8]赵雪,邹志荣,许红军,等.光伏日光温室夏季光环境及其对番茄生长的影响[J].西北农林科技大学学报(自然科学版),2013,41(12):93-99.
[9]王立舒,李琳,梁秋艳,等.温室聚光光伏/温差联合发电系统的设计与性能试验[J].农业工程学报,2015,31(14):8-15.
[10]冯朝卿,郑宏飞,王瑞.利用多余光照光伏发电的温室透明覆盖材料的研制[J].农业工程学报,2014,30(8):135-141.
[11]高俊凤.植物生理学实验指导[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2006.
[12]刘笑宏,孙永江,孙红,等.不同叶幕类型对‘摩尔多瓦’葡萄果穗微域环境及果实品质的影响[J].中国农业科学,2016,49(21):4246-4254.
[13]栗进朝,段罗顺,张晓申.避雨对葡萄病害和光照强度的影响[J].果树学报,2009,26(6):847-850.
[14]孟祥真,石惠娴,徐得天.光伏发电技术在温室中的应用形式研究[J].安徽农业科学,2017,45(27):219-238.
[15]赵轶洁,孟宪学,王聚博.探索“渔光互补”发展光伏农业:以鄂州20MWp农业光伏科技示范园为例[J].安徽农业科学,2015,43(22):360-362.
[16]程建徽,魏灵珠,雷鸣,等.不同滤光膜袋对‘红地球’葡萄果实品质的影响[J].果树学报,2015,32(1):87-93.
[17]杨柳青,杨帆,杨琳.不同光照条件对有柄石韦的形态和生理特性的影响[J].经济林研究,2016,34(2):109-113.
[18]何科佳,王中炎,王仁才.夏季遮荫对猕猴桃生长发育的影响[J].湖南农业科学,2007(1):41-43.
[19]闫静,王德炉,郝家孝,等.光照强度对贵州兔眼蓝莓果实品质的影响[J].经济林研究,2017,35(4):118-123.
[20]EMILY G T,PAGE E R,SWANTON C J.Shade avoidance in soybean reduces branching and increases plant-to-plant variability in biomass and yield per plant[J].Weed Science,2011,59:43-49.
[21]钱龙梁,薛源,曹福亮,等.生物遮阴对银杏幼苗生长的影响[J].中南林业科技大学学报,2018,38(10):21-26.
[22]韩忠明,赵淑杰,刘翠晶,等.遮阴对3年生东北铁线莲生长特性及品质的影响[J].生态学报,2011,31(20):1005-1012.
[23]郝建博,陈海江,曹洪波,等.遮荫对燕红桃光合作用及果实品质的影响[J].河南农业科学,2014,43(9):116-120.
[24]吕晋慧,李艳锋,王玄,等.遮阴处理对金莲花生长发育和生理响应的影响[J].中国农业科学,2013,46(9):1772-1780.
[25]梁曼曼,李惠,李寒,等.遮阴处理对‘绿岭’核桃品质及产量的影响[J].经济林研究,2017,35(3):174-178.
[26]刘敏,成正龙,张晋升,等.遮阳网对酿酒葡萄果实及葡萄酒品质的影响[J].西北植物学报,2017,37(9):1764-1772.
[27]蒯传化,刘三军,吴国良,等.葡萄日灼病阈值温度及主要影响因子分析[J].园艺学报,2009,36(8):1093-1098.
[28]何科佳,王中炎,王仁才.夏季遮阴对猕猴桃园生态因子和光合作用的影响[J].果树学报,2007,24(5):616-619.