农牧交错区化肥减量施用对马铃薯产量、品质和耐贮性的影响
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摘要
马铃薯种植中超量和长期施用化肥已造成产量、品质和耐贮性下降,为了充分利用农牧交错区产生的有机肥,提高马铃薯产量、品质和耐贮性,实现马铃薯产业可持续发展,研究了化肥减量施用和增施有机肥对马铃薯产量、品质和耐贮性的影响。结果表明,化肥减量施用和增施有机肥提高了马铃薯品质和耐贮性。处理2(50%常规施肥量+4 m3有机肥)的产量、蛋白质、淀粉、干物质、可溶性糖和VC含量最高,较对照(CK)分别提高了1.67%、15.66%、13.58%、11.63%、31.91%和21.17%,贮藏期软腐病、干腐病、环腐病和晚疫病发病率较低,较对照(CK)分别降低了44.72%、45.61%、50.14%和39.39%。建议在农牧交错区采用处理2来提高马铃薯产量、品质和耐贮性,降低化肥用量和施肥成本。
Yield, quality and storability of potato decreased due to over and long-term application of chemical fertilizer in planting. In order to make full use of the organic fertilizer produced in farming pastoral ecotone,increase the yield, quality and storability of potato, and realize sustainable development of potato industry, effects of chemical fertilizer reduction and organic fertilizer addition on yield, quality and storage tolerance of potato were studied. The result showed that, the quality and storage of potato increased by chemical fertilizer reduction and organic fertilizer addition. The yield, protein, starch, dry matter, reducing sugar and VC content of potato in treatment 2 group(50% conventional fertilizer application + 4 m3 organic fertilizer) were the highest in all treatments,which were increased by 1.67%, 15.66%, 13.58%, 11.63%, 31.91% and 21.17% respectively compared to CK, and the incidence of soft rot, dry rot, ring rot and late blight morbidity were lower during storage, which were decreased by 44.72%, 45.61%, 50.14% and 39.39% respectively compared to CK. The treatment two was suggested to increase yield, quality and storage tolerance and decrease chemical fertilizer application and cost in farming pastoral ecotone.
Yield, quality and storability of potato decreased due to over and long-term application of chemical fertilizer in planting. In order to make full use of the organic fertilizer produced in farming pastoral ecotone,increase the yield, quality and storability of potato, and realize sustainable development of potato industry, effects of chemical fertilizer reduction and organic fertilizer addition on yield, quality and storage tolerance of potato were studied. The result showed that, the quality and storage of potato increased by chemical fertilizer reduction and organic fertilizer addition. The yield, protein, starch, dry matter, reducing sugar and VC content of potato in treatment 2 group(50% conventional fertilizer application + 4 m3 organic fertilizer) were the highest in all treatments,which were increased by 1.67%, 15.66%, 13.58%, 11.63%, 31.91% and 21.17% respectively compared to CK, and the incidence of soft rot, dry rot, ring rot and late blight morbidity were lower during storage, which were decreased by 44.72%, 45.61%, 50.14% and 39.39% respectively compared to CK. The treatment two was suggested to increase yield, quality and storage tolerance and decrease chemical fertilizer application and cost in farming pastoral ecotone.
引文
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[19]李守强,田世龙,程建新,等.氮、磷、钾肥用量对陇薯6号产量和耐贮性的影响初探[J].农业科技通讯,2013(2):43-48.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1000-6400.2013.02.016.
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[22]张建平,程玉臣,哈斯.有机肥防治马铃薯早疫病试验[J].中国马铃薯,2012(5):291-294. DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1672-3635.2012.05.012.
[23]靳海波,王文丽,邱慧珍,等.生物有机肥GSJ-1对马铃薯土壤疮痂病病原菌分布影响及生防效果研究[J].干旱地区农业研究,2015,33(2):27-32. DOI:10.16302/j.cnki.1000-7601.2015.02.027.
[2]石立航,胡俊,蒙美莲,等.华北地区马铃薯贮藏病害种类调查及病原菌鉴定[J].内蒙古农业大学学报(自然科学版),2010(4):53-57.
[3]杨帅,闵凡祥,高云飞,等.新世纪中国马铃薯产业发展现状及存在问题[J].中国马铃薯,2014,28(5):311-316. DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1672-3635.2014.05.012.
[4]高振宁.保护生态环境,发展有机农业[J].农村生态环境,2001, 17(2):1-4. DOI:10. 3969/j. issn. 1673-4831. 2001.02.001.
[5]霍学显.提高马铃薯产量和耐贮性的农艺措施及环境控制技术[J].吉林农业,2014(6):88-89. DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1674-0432.2014.06.151.
[6]李凯年.发展绿色食品势在必行[J].中国食物与营养,2001,22(1):61-63.
[7]李合生,孙群,冯长春,等.植物生理生化实验原理和技术[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2015.
[8]段玉,妥德宝,赵沛义,等.马铃薯施肥肥效及养分利用率的研究[J].中国马铃薯,2008,22(4):197-200. DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1672-3635.2008.04.002.
[9]陈雷,李江,张若木,等.肥料增效剂在烟草减量施肥中的应用效果[J].湖南农业科学,2015(2):45-47.DOI:10.16498/j.cnki.hnnykx.2015.02.016.
[10]张书华,李士敏,周开芳,等.旱地周年间套作物大面积高产、超高产集成技术应用与可持续发展技术研究[J].贵州农业科学,2003,31(S1):3-20. DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1001-3601.2003.z1.001.
[11] KLEMEDTSSON L, BERG P, CLARHOLM M, et al.Microbial nitrogen transformation in the root environment of barley[J]. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 1987, 19(5):551-558. DOI:10.1016/0038-0717(87)90098-8.
[12] SINGH J S, RAGHUBANSHI A S, SINGH R S, et al.Microbial biomass act as a source of plant nutrients in dry tropical forest and savanna[J]. Nature, 1989, 338:499-500.
[13] SRIVASTAVA S C, SINGH J S. Microbial C, N and P in dry tropical forest soils:Effects of alternate land-uses and nutrient flux[J]. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 1991, 23(2):117-124. DOI:10.1016/0038-0717(91)90122-Z.
[14]张晓玲,潘振刚,周晓锋,等.自毒作用与连作障碍[J].土壤通报,2007,38(4):781-784. DOI:10.3321/j.issn:0564-3945.2007.04.033.
[15]何萍,杨金,周卫.腐殖酸复混肥对番茄产量、品质及生理活性的影响[J].土壤通报,1997,28(6):277-279.
[16] VEPSALAINEN M, KUKKONEN S, VEATBERG M. Application of soil enzyme activity test kit in a field experiment[J]. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 2001, 33(12-13):1665-1672. DOI:10.1016/S0038-0717(01)00087-6.
[17]穆俊祥,曹兴明,弓建国,等.氮磷钾和有机肥配合施用对马铃薯淀粉含量和产量的影响[J].土壤,2009,41(5):844-848.
[18]李鸣凤,王清林,鲁明星,等.有机水溶肥料与无机肥料配施对马铃薯产量、养分吸收和品质的影响[J].中国马铃薯,2014,28(6):340-347. DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1672-3635.2014.06.005.
[19]李守强,田世龙,程建新,等.氮、磷、钾肥用量对陇薯6号产量和耐贮性的影响初探[J].农业科技通讯,2013(2):43-48.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1000-6400.2013.02.016.
[20]许爱霞,巩明明,逢雷.氮磷钾配施对马铃薯产量及耐贮性的影响[J].中国马铃薯,2015,29(1):23-27. DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1672-3635.2015.01.006.
[21]郑新艳,韦巧婕,沈标.生物有机肥防治马铃薯青枯病的机制研究[J].南京农业大学学报,2013,36(2):70-76.
[22]张建平,程玉臣,哈斯.有机肥防治马铃薯早疫病试验[J].中国马铃薯,2012(5):291-294. DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1672-3635.2012.05.012.
[23]靳海波,王文丽,邱慧珍,等.生物有机肥GSJ-1对马铃薯土壤疮痂病病原菌分布影响及生防效果研究[J].干旱地区农业研究,2015,33(2):27-32. DOI:10.16302/j.cnki.1000-7601.2015.02.027.