辽河和闽江水系中华绒螯蟹扣蟹在成蟹阶段的养殖性能比较
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摘要
2018年3—11月,将体质量(7.83±0.72)g和(7.53±0.39)g的雌雄辽河水系中华绒螯蟹Eriocheir sinensis扣蟹和体质量(5.06±0.74)g和(5.21±0.49)g雌雄闽江水系中华绒螯蟹扣蟹饲养在42m×35m×1.2m、种植伊乐藻Elodea nuttallii的两口池塘中,密度约为1.2～1.3只/m2,常规方法养殖,比较辽河和闽江水系绒螯蟹扣蟹在成蟹阶段的养殖性能。结果显示:辽河蟹平均终体质量大于闽江蟹,成活率和产量较高;3—5月和7—9月闽江蟹增重率(WGR)和特定生长率(SGR)高于辽河蟹。辽河雌蟹全部完成生殖蜕壳时间早于闽江蟹一个月,而雄蟹则提前半个月左右。9—11月,闽江蟹性腺指数(GSI)增加量高于辽河蟹。11月初辽河蟹总可食率(TEY)显著高于闽江蟹(P<0.05),但出肉率(MY)无显著差异(P>0.05)。闽江蟹中体质量<50g的雌蟹和≥200g的雄蟹的百分比较高。综上所述,辽河蟹全部完成生殖蜕壳时间早于闽江蟹。虽然闽江蟹性腺发育较晚,但其性腺发育速度较快。本实验为进一步挖掘优异种质资源和新品种培育奠定了理论和实践基础。
Female and male juvenile Chinese mitten handed crab(Eriocheir sinensis)derived from Liaohe River [Liaohe crab, with body weight of(7.83±0.72)g and(7.53±0.39)g] and derived from Minjiang River [with body weight of(5.06±0.74)g and(5.21±0.49)g] were reared in two 42 m ×35 m ×1.2 m ponds planted with aquatic plant Elodea nuttallii at a stocking density of1.2～1.3/m2 from March to November 2018 to investigate the effect of juvenile Chinese mitten handed crab from different rivers on culture performance in food crab culture. The results showed that Liaohe crab had higher average final body weight than Minjiang crab did, thus higher survival rate and yield, even though Minjiang crab had slightly higher weight growth rate(WGR)and specific growth rate(SGR)from March to May and from July to September than Liaohe crab did. There was one month earlier puberty molting in female Liaohe crab than that in female Minjiang crab and about half a month earlier in male Liaohe crab than that in male Minjiang crab.Minjiang crab had higher increase in gonadosomatic index(GSI)from September to November than Liaohe crab did, while Liaohe crab had significantly higher total edible yield(TEY)in early November than Minjiang crab did, without significant difference in meat yield(MY)(P > 0.05). The higher percentage of female crab with body weight less than 50 g and male crab with body weight more than 200 g was observed in Minjiang crab. In conclusion, Liaohe crab all completed puberty molting earlier than Minjiang crab, which had late gonadal development, with rapid developmental rate. The findings provide a theoretical and practical foundation for further development of excellent germplasm resources and breeding.
Female and male juvenile Chinese mitten handed crab(Eriocheir sinensis)derived from Liaohe River [Liaohe crab, with body weight of(7.83±0.72)g and(7.53±0.39)g] and derived from Minjiang River [with body weight of(5.06±0.74)g and(5.21±0.49)g] were reared in two 42 m ×35 m ×1.2 m ponds planted with aquatic plant Elodea nuttallii at a stocking density of1.2～1.3/m2 from March to November 2018 to investigate the effect of juvenile Chinese mitten handed crab from different rivers on culture performance in food crab culture. The results showed that Liaohe crab had higher average final body weight than Minjiang crab did, thus higher survival rate and yield, even though Minjiang crab had slightly higher weight growth rate(WGR)and specific growth rate(SGR)from March to May and from July to September than Liaohe crab did. There was one month earlier puberty molting in female Liaohe crab than that in female Minjiang crab and about half a month earlier in male Liaohe crab than that in male Minjiang crab.Minjiang crab had higher increase in gonadosomatic index(GSI)from September to November than Liaohe crab did, while Liaohe crab had significantly higher total edible yield(TEY)in early November than Minjiang crab did, without significant difference in meat yield(MY)(P > 0.05). The higher percentage of female crab with body weight less than 50 g and male crab with body weight more than 200 g was observed in Minjiang crab. In conclusion, Liaohe crab all completed puberty molting earlier than Minjiang crab, which had late gonadal development, with rapid developmental rate. The findings provide a theoretical and practical foundation for further development of excellent germplasm resources and breeding.
引文
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[2] Sui L Y, Zhang F M, Wang X M, et al. Genetic diversity and population structure of the Chinese mitten crab Eriocheir sinensis, in its native range[J]. Marine Biology, 2009, 156(8):1573-1583.
[3] Chen D W, Zhang M. Non-volatile taste active compounds in the meat of Chinese mitten crab(Eriocheir sinensis)[J]. Food Chemistry, 2007, 104(3):1200-1205.
[4] Cheng Y X, Wu X G, Yang X Z, et al. Current trends in hatchery techniques and stock enhancement for Chinese mitten crab, Eriocheir japonica sinensis[J]. Reviews in Fisheries Science, 2008, 16(1-3):377-384.
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[7]徐德昆,林乐峰.不同水系河蟹幼蟹的养成效果分析[J].水产养殖,1997(1):26-27.
[8]羊茜,占家智.辽河蟹与长江蟹生长速度的对比试验[J].淡水渔业,1999,29(10):40-42.
[9]李晨虹,李思发,邢益于,等.池养长江蟹、辽河蟹生长性能及其遗传-环境交互作用分析[J].水生生物学报,2002,26(4):335-341.
[10]王武,王成辉,马旭洲.河蟹生态养殖[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2013:59-84.
[11] He J, Wu X G, Li J Y, et al. Comparison of the culture performance and profitability of wild-caught and captive pond-reared Chinese mitten crab(Eriocheir sinensis)juveniles reared in grow-out ponds:implications for seed selection and genetic selection programs[J]. Aquaculture,2014, 434:48-56.
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[14]杨业华,马正强,张天真,等.普通遗传学[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2000:264-268.
[15]邵元健.质量性状和数量性状含义的辨析[J].生物学杂志,2006,23(4):55-57.
[16]何杰,吴旭干,龙晓文,等.长江水系中华绒螯蟹野生和养殖群体选育子一代养殖性能和性腺发育的比较[J].海洋与湖沼,2015,46(4):808-818.
[17]王亚威,姜晓东,吴旭干,等.中华绒螯蟹二龄早熟和晚熟群体选育第三代在扣蟹阶段的养殖性能评价[J].上海海洋大学学报,2016,25(5):668-674.
[18]王海宁,姜晓东,吴旭干,等.中华绒螯蟹二龄早熟和晚熟品系第三代成蟹可食率和生化组成的比较研究[J].上海海洋大学学报,2018,27(4):487-493.
[19]苏刚.河蟹养殖中的高温期管理[J].科学养鱼,2012(7):87.
[20] Golam K. Studies on molting, molting frequency and growth of shrimp(Penaeus monodon)fed on natural and compounded diets[J]. Asian Fisheries Science, 1993, 6(2):203-211.
[21] Kobayashi S. Molting growth patterns of the Japanese mitten crab Eriocheir japonica(De Haan)under laboratory-reared conditions[J]. Journal of Crustacean Biology,2012, 32(5):753-761.
[22]杨思谅.节肢动物生物学[M].北京:科学出版社,1985:24-188.
[23]李应森,李思发,王江玲,等.长江和辽河水系中华绒螯蟹湖泊放养生长性能的比较[J].水产科学,2001,20(5):1-3.
[24] Wu X G, Cheng Y X, Sui L Y, et al. Effect of dietary supplementation of phospholipids and highly unsaturated fatty acids on reproductive performance and offspring quality of Chinese mitten crab, Eriocheir sinensis(H. Milne-Edwards), female broodstock[J]. Aquaculture, 2007, 273(4):602-613.
[25]潘杰,吴旭干,赵恒亮,等.三种投喂模式对河蟹二龄成蟹养殖性能的影响[J].淡水渔业,2016,46(2):87-93.
[2] Sui L Y, Zhang F M, Wang X M, et al. Genetic diversity and population structure of the Chinese mitten crab Eriocheir sinensis, in its native range[J]. Marine Biology, 2009, 156(8):1573-1583.
[3] Chen D W, Zhang M. Non-volatile taste active compounds in the meat of Chinese mitten crab(Eriocheir sinensis)[J]. Food Chemistry, 2007, 104(3):1200-1205.
[4] Cheng Y X, Wu X G, Yang X Z, et al. Current trends in hatchery techniques and stock enhancement for Chinese mitten crab, Eriocheir japonica sinensis[J]. Reviews in Fisheries Science, 2008, 16(1-3):377-384.
[5]农业农村部渔业渔政管理局.中国渔业统计年鉴[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2018:34.
[6]赵恒亮.池塘养殖条件下中华绒螯蟹长江、黄河和辽河3个地理种群成蟹形态学、养殖性能和营养品质的比较研究[D].上海:上海海洋大学,2016:1-2.
[7]徐德昆,林乐峰.不同水系河蟹幼蟹的养成效果分析[J].水产养殖,1997(1):26-27.
[8]羊茜,占家智.辽河蟹与长江蟹生长速度的对比试验[J].淡水渔业,1999,29(10):40-42.
[9]李晨虹,李思发,邢益于,等.池养长江蟹、辽河蟹生长性能及其遗传-环境交互作用分析[J].水生生物学报,2002,26(4):335-341.
[10]王武,王成辉,马旭洲.河蟹生态养殖[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2013:59-84.
[11] He J, Wu X G, Li J Y, et al. Comparison of the culture performance and profitability of wild-caught and captive pond-reared Chinese mitten crab(Eriocheir sinensis)juveniles reared in grow-out ponds:implications for seed selection and genetic selection programs[J]. Aquaculture,2014, 434:48-56.
[12]刘祖洞.遗传学(第二版)[M].北京:高等教育出版社,1990:253-263.
[13]盛志廉,陈瑶生.数量遗传学[M].北京:科学出版社,1994:152-166.
[14]杨业华,马正强,张天真,等.普通遗传学[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2000:264-268.
[15]邵元健.质量性状和数量性状含义的辨析[J].生物学杂志,2006,23(4):55-57.
[16]何杰,吴旭干,龙晓文,等.长江水系中华绒螯蟹野生和养殖群体选育子一代养殖性能和性腺发育的比较[J].海洋与湖沼,2015,46(4):808-818.
[17]王亚威,姜晓东,吴旭干,等.中华绒螯蟹二龄早熟和晚熟群体选育第三代在扣蟹阶段的养殖性能评价[J].上海海洋大学学报,2016,25(5):668-674.
[18]王海宁,姜晓东,吴旭干,等.中华绒螯蟹二龄早熟和晚熟品系第三代成蟹可食率和生化组成的比较研究[J].上海海洋大学学报,2018,27(4):487-493.
[19]苏刚.河蟹养殖中的高温期管理[J].科学养鱼,2012(7):87.
[20] Golam K. Studies on molting, molting frequency and growth of shrimp(Penaeus monodon)fed on natural and compounded diets[J]. Asian Fisheries Science, 1993, 6(2):203-211.
[21] Kobayashi S. Molting growth patterns of the Japanese mitten crab Eriocheir japonica(De Haan)under laboratory-reared conditions[J]. Journal of Crustacean Biology,2012, 32(5):753-761.
[22]杨思谅.节肢动物生物学[M].北京:科学出版社,1985:24-188.
[23]李应森,李思发,王江玲,等.长江和辽河水系中华绒螯蟹湖泊放养生长性能的比较[J].水产科学,2001,20(5):1-3.
[24] Wu X G, Cheng Y X, Sui L Y, et al. Effect of dietary supplementation of phospholipids and highly unsaturated fatty acids on reproductive performance and offspring quality of Chinese mitten crab, Eriocheir sinensis(H. Milne-Edwards), female broodstock[J]. Aquaculture, 2007, 273(4):602-613.
[25]潘杰,吴旭干,赵恒亮,等.三种投喂模式对河蟹二龄成蟹养殖性能的影响[J].淡水渔业,2016,46(2):87-93.