磴口县引种胡杨的生长规律及其评价
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摘要
胡杨是优良的绿化树种和荒漠地区主要造林树种,多年来许多地方引种栽培,但成林不多。为探究内蒙古磴口县引种胡杨的生长状况,采用树干解析和模型模拟方法研究了引种胡杨的树高、胸径和材积等生长规律,以此对磴口县乃至巴彦淖尔盟胡杨引种工作进行客观评价。结果表明,磴口县的胡杨长势良好,树高、胸径和材积等呈现慢-快-慢的"S"型曲线。树高速生期早于胸径与材积,树干形数随年龄增加逐渐减小。比较发现,引种胡杨第16年后树高开始超过额济纳天然胡杨的平均树高,但胸径小于额济纳同龄天然胡杨。引种胡杨的材积速生期多出现在第10年以后,较天然胡杨出现时间至少晚5a,其成熟期也晚于额济纳天然胡杨。研究认为磴口县乃至巴彦淖尔盟的气候环境适合胡杨生长,其生长状态优于额济纳天然林。
Populus euphraticais an excellent and main afforestation species in desert area.It has been introduced to many places over years,but the forest establishment is poor.In order to explore the growth regularity of P.euphraticain Dengkou County,Inner Mongolia,this paper used the trunk analysis and model simulation method to study the growth regularities of tree height,diameter at breast height(DBH)and volume of P.euphratica,then to make an objective evaluation.The results showed that P.euphraticain Dengkou County grew well.The tree height,DBH,volume and other parameters all presented "S"curve trends:slow,fast,and slow.The fast growing period of the tree height was earlier than DBH and volume.The number of stem form gradually decreased with age.Moreover,it was found that after planted for 16 years,the height began to exceed the height of natural P.euphraticain Ejina,while the DBH of the planted tree was smaller than natural one.The rapid growing period of planted P.euphraticaappeared at the 10 th year after planted,at least 5years later than that of natural one.It was concluded that the climatic environment of Dengkou County and Bayannaoer was suitable for the growth of P.euphratica,and its growth status was better than natural forest in Ejina.
Populus euphraticais an excellent and main afforestation species in desert area.It has been introduced to many places over years,but the forest establishment is poor.In order to explore the growth regularity of P.euphraticain Dengkou County,Inner Mongolia,this paper used the trunk analysis and model simulation method to study the growth regularities of tree height,diameter at breast height(DBH)and volume of P.euphratica,then to make an objective evaluation.The results showed that P.euphraticain Dengkou County grew well.The tree height,DBH,volume and other parameters all presented "S"curve trends:slow,fast,and slow.The fast growing period of the tree height was earlier than DBH and volume.The number of stem form gradually decreased with age.Moreover,it was found that after planted for 16 years,the height began to exceed the height of natural P.euphraticain Ejina,while the DBH of the planted tree was smaller than natural one.The rapid growing period of planted P.euphraticaappeared at the 10 th year after planted,at least 5years later than that of natural one.It was concluded that the climatic environment of Dengkou County and Bayannaoer was suitable for the growth of P.euphratica,and its growth status was better than natural forest in Ejina.
引文
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[2]徐红江.胡杨幼苗引种栽培试验[J].黑龙江农业科学,2017(3):91-96.
[3]王海珍,韩路.胡杨异形叶光合作用对光强与CO2浓度的响应[J].植物生态学报,2014,38(10):1099-1109.WANG H Z,HAN L.Photosynthetic responses of the heteromorphic leaves in Populus euphratica to light intensityand CO2concentration[J].Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology,2014,38(10):1099-1109.(in Chinese)
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[5]韩路,王家强.塔里木河上游胡杨种群结构与动态[J].生态学报,2014,34(16):4640-4651.HAN L,WANG J Q.The population structure and dynamics of populus euphratica at the upper reaches of the Tarim River[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2014,34(16):4640-4651.(in Chinese)
[6]赵春彦,司建华,冯起,等.胡杨树干液流特征及其与环境因子的关系[J].中国沙漠,2014,34(3):718-724.ZHAO C Y,SI J H,FENG Q,et al.Xylem sap flow of populus euphraticain relation to environmental factors in the lower reaches of Heihe river[J].Journal of Desert Research,2014,34(3):718-724.(in Chinese)
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[8]王世绩.全球胡杨林的现状及保护和恢复对策[J].世界林业研究,1996,9(6):37-43.
[9]凌朝文.华北沿海盐碱地引种胡杨的初步研究[J].林业科学,1963,8(3):248-255.LING C W.A preliminary study on introduction of Populus euphratica in coastal saline land of north China[J].Scientia Silvae Sinicae,1963,8(3):248-255.(in Chinese)
[10]赵安平,赵秀平,刘跃文.胡杨树在黄河口盐碱地适应性研究[J].科技信息,2009(5):365-365.
[11] LI Z,WU N,LIU T,et al.Effect of arbuscular mycorrhizal inoculation on water status and photosynthesis of Populus cathayana males and females under water stress[J].Physiologia Plantarum,2015,155(2):192-204.
[12]柴树峰.胡杨引种与嫁接技术研究[J].山西林业科技,2009,38(3):21-22.
[13]沈英滨,吴恒德,王玉红,等.胡杨引种栽培技术试验研究[J].现代农业科技,2009(23):209-210.
[14]霍成刚.胡杨引种试验研究[J].内蒙古林业,2014(12):29.
[15]高君亮,张景波,孙非,等.内蒙古磴口县10种园林绿化树种滞尘能力研究[J].干旱区资源与环境,2013,8(27):176-180.GAO J L,ZHANG J B,SUN F,et al.Dust-retention ability of tree species in Dengkou County,Inner Mongolia[J].Journal of Arid Land Resources and Environment,2013,8(27):176-180.(in Chinese)
[16]舒扬,刘兆刚,杨素芝.内蒙古磴口县沙化地区主要草本植物空间分布格局及抽样技术[J].东北林业大学学报,2008,9(36):42-47.SHU Y,LIU Z G,YANG S Z.Spatial distribution pattern and sampling technique for main herbaceous plants in desert land of Inner Mongolia[J].Journal of Northeast Forestry University,2008,9(36):42-47.(in Chinese)
[17]孟宪宇.测树学[M].3版.北京:中国林业出版社,2006.
[18]张更新.树干解析中各龄阶高几种推断方法的探讨[J].内蒙古林学院学报,1996,12(4):24-31.
[19]何智英.树干解析中不同方法推断树高误差的探讨[J].林业科学,1988,24(2):204-208.
[20]周火明,毛燕,鲁丛平,等.白花泡桐树干解析研究[J].安徽林业科技,2016,42(3):16-19.
[21] HUNT E R,LAVINGNE M B.Factorscontrolling the decline of net primary production vrith stand age for balsam fir in new-foundland assessed using an ecosystem simulation model[J].Ecological Modeling,1999,122:161-164.
[22]向志民,何敏.几种杨树生长进程动态分析[J].西北林学院学报,1994,9(2):82-86.XIANG Z M,HE M.Dynamic analysis on the growth processes of populous[J].Journal of Northwest Forestry University,1994,9(2):82-86.(in Chinese)
[23]徐宏远,陈章水.不同密度I-69杨树生长规律的研究[J].林业科学研究,1994,7(1):61-66.
[24]金之庆,高亮之,译.农业中的数学模型[M].北京:农业出版社,1991.
[25] MENDES B R,CALEGARIO N,VOLPATO C E S,et al.Development of individual tree growth model based on defferential equations[J].Cerne,2006,12(3):254-255.
[26]苑延华.关于Logistic模型参数估计的比较[J].黑龙江科技学院学报,2008(6):474-477.
[27]陈占仙,张明铁,张秋良.额济纳胡杨生长规律的研究[J].内蒙古农业大学学报,2009,30(4):65-69.
[28]王立明,张秋良,殷继燕.额济纳胡杨林生长规律及生物生产力的研究[J].干旱区资源与环境,2003,17(2):94-99.
[29]金骅,苏永红,马小红,等.额济纳胡杨林土壤呼吸日间变化研究[J].华北农学报,2016,31(Supp.1):375-380.
[30]高润宏,董智,张昊,等.额济纳绿洲胡杨林更新及群落生物多样性动态[J].生态学报,2005,25(5):1019-1025.
[31]周洪华,李卫红,李玉朋,等.基于树木年轮技术的塔里木河下游河岸胡杨林生态需水量研究[J].生态学报,2017,37(22):7576-7584.ZHOU H H,LI W H,LI Y P,et al.Estimation of ecological water demand of a desert riparian forest using tree rings of Populus euphraticain the lower Tarim River[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2017,37(22):7576-7584.(in Chinese)
[32] CHEN Y,CHEN Y,XU C,et al.Effects of ecological water conveyance on groundwater dynamics and riparian vegetation in the lower reaches of Tarim River,China[J].Hydrological Processes,2010,24(2):170-177.
[33]玉米提·哈力克,柴政,罗淑政,等.新疆塔里木河下游胡杨树高生长量及其空间分布研究[J].干旱区资源与环境,2008,22(5):187-191.HALIK U,CHAI Z,LUO S Z,et al.Study on the height volume growth of Populus euphratica and spatial distribution in lower reaches of Tarim River,Xinjiang[J].Journal of Arid Land Resources&Environment,2008,22(5):187-191.(in Chinese)
[2]徐红江.胡杨幼苗引种栽培试验[J].黑龙江农业科学,2017(3):91-96.
[3]王海珍,韩路.胡杨异形叶光合作用对光强与CO2浓度的响应[J].植物生态学报,2014,38(10):1099-1109.WANG H Z,HAN L.Photosynthetic responses of the heteromorphic leaves in Populus euphratica to light intensityand CO2concentration[J].Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology,2014,38(10):1099-1109.(in Chinese)
[4] HAO X,CHEN Y,LI W,et al.Hydraulic lift in Populus euphratica Oliv.from the desert riparian vegetation of the Tarim River basin[J].Journal of Arid Environments,2010,74(8):905-911.
[5]韩路,王家强.塔里木河上游胡杨种群结构与动态[J].生态学报,2014,34(16):4640-4651.HAN L,WANG J Q.The population structure and dynamics of populus euphratica at the upper reaches of the Tarim River[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2014,34(16):4640-4651.(in Chinese)
[6]赵春彦,司建华,冯起,等.胡杨树干液流特征及其与环境因子的关系[J].中国沙漠,2014,34(3):718-724.ZHAO C Y,SI J H,FENG Q,et al.Xylem sap flow of populus euphraticain relation to environmental factors in the lower reaches of Heihe river[J].Journal of Desert Research,2014,34(3):718-724.(in Chinese)
[7]王世绩,陈炳浩,李护群.胡杨林[M].北京:中国环境科学出版社,1995:23-127.
[8]王世绩.全球胡杨林的现状及保护和恢复对策[J].世界林业研究,1996,9(6):37-43.
[9]凌朝文.华北沿海盐碱地引种胡杨的初步研究[J].林业科学,1963,8(3):248-255.LING C W.A preliminary study on introduction of Populus euphratica in coastal saline land of north China[J].Scientia Silvae Sinicae,1963,8(3):248-255.(in Chinese)
[10]赵安平,赵秀平,刘跃文.胡杨树在黄河口盐碱地适应性研究[J].科技信息,2009(5):365-365.
[11] LI Z,WU N,LIU T,et al.Effect of arbuscular mycorrhizal inoculation on water status and photosynthesis of Populus cathayana males and females under water stress[J].Physiologia Plantarum,2015,155(2):192-204.
[12]柴树峰.胡杨引种与嫁接技术研究[J].山西林业科技,2009,38(3):21-22.
[13]沈英滨,吴恒德,王玉红,等.胡杨引种栽培技术试验研究[J].现代农业科技,2009(23):209-210.
[14]霍成刚.胡杨引种试验研究[J].内蒙古林业,2014(12):29.
[15]高君亮,张景波,孙非,等.内蒙古磴口县10种园林绿化树种滞尘能力研究[J].干旱区资源与环境,2013,8(27):176-180.GAO J L,ZHANG J B,SUN F,et al.Dust-retention ability of tree species in Dengkou County,Inner Mongolia[J].Journal of Arid Land Resources and Environment,2013,8(27):176-180.(in Chinese)
[16]舒扬,刘兆刚,杨素芝.内蒙古磴口县沙化地区主要草本植物空间分布格局及抽样技术[J].东北林业大学学报,2008,9(36):42-47.SHU Y,LIU Z G,YANG S Z.Spatial distribution pattern and sampling technique for main herbaceous plants in desert land of Inner Mongolia[J].Journal of Northeast Forestry University,2008,9(36):42-47.(in Chinese)
[17]孟宪宇.测树学[M].3版.北京:中国林业出版社,2006.
[18]张更新.树干解析中各龄阶高几种推断方法的探讨[J].内蒙古林学院学报,1996,12(4):24-31.
[19]何智英.树干解析中不同方法推断树高误差的探讨[J].林业科学,1988,24(2):204-208.
[20]周火明,毛燕,鲁丛平,等.白花泡桐树干解析研究[J].安徽林业科技,2016,42(3):16-19.
[21] HUNT E R,LAVINGNE M B.Factorscontrolling the decline of net primary production vrith stand age for balsam fir in new-foundland assessed using an ecosystem simulation model[J].Ecological Modeling,1999,122:161-164.
[22]向志民,何敏.几种杨树生长进程动态分析[J].西北林学院学报,1994,9(2):82-86.XIANG Z M,HE M.Dynamic analysis on the growth processes of populous[J].Journal of Northwest Forestry University,1994,9(2):82-86.(in Chinese)
[23]徐宏远,陈章水.不同密度I-69杨树生长规律的研究[J].林业科学研究,1994,7(1):61-66.
[24]金之庆,高亮之,译.农业中的数学模型[M].北京:农业出版社,1991.
[25] MENDES B R,CALEGARIO N,VOLPATO C E S,et al.Development of individual tree growth model based on defferential equations[J].Cerne,2006,12(3):254-255.
[26]苑延华.关于Logistic模型参数估计的比较[J].黑龙江科技学院学报,2008(6):474-477.
[27]陈占仙,张明铁,张秋良.额济纳胡杨生长规律的研究[J].内蒙古农业大学学报,2009,30(4):65-69.
[28]王立明,张秋良,殷继燕.额济纳胡杨林生长规律及生物生产力的研究[J].干旱区资源与环境,2003,17(2):94-99.
[29]金骅,苏永红,马小红,等.额济纳胡杨林土壤呼吸日间变化研究[J].华北农学报,2016,31(Supp.1):375-380.
[30]高润宏,董智,张昊,等.额济纳绿洲胡杨林更新及群落生物多样性动态[J].生态学报,2005,25(5):1019-1025.
[31]周洪华,李卫红,李玉朋,等.基于树木年轮技术的塔里木河下游河岸胡杨林生态需水量研究[J].生态学报,2017,37(22):7576-7584.ZHOU H H,LI W H,LI Y P,et al.Estimation of ecological water demand of a desert riparian forest using tree rings of Populus euphraticain the lower Tarim River[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2017,37(22):7576-7584.(in Chinese)
[32] CHEN Y,CHEN Y,XU C,et al.Effects of ecological water conveyance on groundwater dynamics and riparian vegetation in the lower reaches of Tarim River,China[J].Hydrological Processes,2010,24(2):170-177.
[33]玉米提·哈力克,柴政,罗淑政,等.新疆塔里木河下游胡杨树高生长量及其空间分布研究[J].干旱区资源与环境,2008,22(5):187-191.HALIK U,CHAI Z,LUO S Z,et al.Study on the height volume growth of Populus euphratica and spatial distribution in lower reaches of Tarim River,Xinjiang[J].Journal of Arid Land Resources&Environment,2008,22(5):187-191.(in Chinese)