冻融作用对土壤理化性质及风水蚀影响研究进展
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摘要
冻融侵蚀在我国分布范围广,是主要土壤侵蚀类型之一,而冻融作用与其他营力复合进行侵蚀的分布范围比单纯的冻融侵蚀更广,所造成的危害也更大.本文基于国内外已有研究成果,总结评述了冻融作用对土壤理化性质及风蚀和水蚀影响的相关研究进展.冻融条件下,土壤水分发生运移,结构被破坏,土壤孔隙度、容重、抗剪强度、团聚体稳定性和有机质等理化性质均发生变化,其变化趋势和幅度与土壤质地、冻融程度有关.冻融作用通过改变土壤理化性质,增加土壤可蚀性,从而影响土壤风蚀和水蚀发生及过程,导致侵蚀强度增大.目前,冻融研究以室内模拟为主,与野外实际冻融过程差异较大,且由于试验条件不同,得到的结论无法统一,甚至相反.因此,通过室内模拟与野外实测相结合,加强冻融条件下土壤侵蚀机理研究是下一步的重点,这对季节性冻融区解冻期侵蚀预报和防治具有重要意义.
Freeze-thaw erosion,one of the main types of soil erosion,is widely distributed in China.The distribution and harm of the combined erosion of freeze-thaw and other forces were greater than freeze-thaw erosion. We reviewed related research progress of the effects of freeze-thaw on soil physical and chemical properties,wind erosion,and water erosion,based on literatures from China and abroad. Under the condition of freeze-thaw,soil water was transported and soil structure was damaged. Soil porosity,bulk density,shear strength,aggregate stability and organic matter were all changed. The change tendency and amplitude were related to soil texture and the degree of freezethaw. The occurrence and process of soil wind erosion and water erosion were influenced by the condition of freeze-thaw. Soil erodibility and erosion intensity increased as a result of the changes of soil physical and chemical properties. At present,the research on freeze-thaw mainly based on indoor simulation,which was quite different from the actual freeze-thaw process in the field. The conclusions obtained were not unified or even contrary due to different test conditions. Therefore,through combining indoor simulation and field survey,to strengthen the research of soil erosion mechanism of freeze-thaw conditions was the focus of the future research,which was of great significance for forecasting and preventing of soil erosion in the periods of thawing and the regions of seasonal freeze-thaw.
Freeze-thaw erosion,one of the main types of soil erosion,is widely distributed in China.The distribution and harm of the combined erosion of freeze-thaw and other forces were greater than freeze-thaw erosion. We reviewed related research progress of the effects of freeze-thaw on soil physical and chemical properties,wind erosion,and water erosion,based on literatures from China and abroad. Under the condition of freeze-thaw,soil water was transported and soil structure was damaged. Soil porosity,bulk density,shear strength,aggregate stability and organic matter were all changed. The change tendency and amplitude were related to soil texture and the degree of freezethaw. The occurrence and process of soil wind erosion and water erosion were influenced by the condition of freeze-thaw. Soil erodibility and erosion intensity increased as a result of the changes of soil physical and chemical properties. At present,the research on freeze-thaw mainly based on indoor simulation,which was quite different from the actual freeze-thaw process in the field. The conclusions obtained were not unified or even contrary due to different test conditions. Therefore,through combining indoor simulation and field survey,to strengthen the research of soil erosion mechanism of freeze-thaw conditions was the focus of the future research,which was of great significance for forecasting and preventing of soil erosion in the periods of thawing and the regions of seasonal freeze-thaw.
引文
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