某汽车制造企业噪声作业工人听力损失影响因素分析
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摘要
[目的]了解某汽车制造企业接触噪声工人听力损失情况,探究职业性噪声听力损失的危险因素。[方法]选取某汽车制造企业暴露于职业性噪声超过一年的3411名工人为研究对象,对噪声作业工人开展问卷调查,对工作场所进行职业病危害因素检测。[结果]该企业有509人检出有听力损失,噪声性听力损失发生率为15.7%。听力损失组的接触噪声声级、接触噪声工龄、婚姻情况和工作班制情况与听力正常组相比较,差异均有统计学意义(P <0.05)。多因素logistic回归分析显示:年龄、接噪工龄、接触噪声声级增大,听力损失的风险增高(OR=1.09～1.54,P <0.01);相比三班制,单一班制和两班制是听力损失的独立危险因素(OR=2.19、2.43,P <0.01或0.05)。[结论]汽车制造企业工作场所噪声危害不容忽视。企业应加强工作场所噪声治理,为噪声作业工人开展定期职业健康体检,实行科学健康的工作班制。
[Objective] To understand the occurrence of hearing loss among occupationally noise-exposed workers in an automobile manufacturing enterprise,and to explore the risk factors. [Methods] A total of 3 411 workers who were exposed to occupational noise with time longer than 1 year in this enterprise were studied with questionnaire and their working environment was surveyed. [Results] Among 3 411 workers,509 workers were found with hearing loss and the incidence of noise-induced hearing loss in this enterprise was 15.7%. There were significant difference of noise exposure intensity and time,the workers' marriage status and arrangement of work shift between two groups(P < 0.05). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that except for the workers' age,noise exposure level and noise exposure time(OR = 1.09-1.54,P < 0.01),single shift or two shifts system was also an independent risk factor for hearing loss(OR = 2.19,2.43,P < 0.01 or 0.05) compared with three shifts system. [Conclusion] The noise hazard at workplaces in automobile manufacturing enterprises could not be ignored. Enterprises should strengthen the control of workplace noise,conduct regular occupational health examinations for noise-exposed workers,and develop a scientific and healthy work schedule.
[Objective] To understand the occurrence of hearing loss among occupationally noise-exposed workers in an automobile manufacturing enterprise,and to explore the risk factors. [Methods] A total of 3 411 workers who were exposed to occupational noise with time longer than 1 year in this enterprise were studied with questionnaire and their working environment was surveyed. [Results] Among 3 411 workers,509 workers were found with hearing loss and the incidence of noise-induced hearing loss in this enterprise was 15.7%. There were significant difference of noise exposure intensity and time,the workers' marriage status and arrangement of work shift between two groups(P < 0.05). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that except for the workers' age,noise exposure level and noise exposure time(OR = 1.09-1.54,P < 0.01),single shift or two shifts system was also an independent risk factor for hearing loss(OR = 2.19,2.43,P < 0.01 or 0.05) compared with three shifts system. [Conclusion] The noise hazard at workplaces in automobile manufacturing enterprises could not be ignored. Enterprises should strengthen the control of workplace noise,conduct regular occupational health examinations for noise-exposed workers,and develop a scientific and healthy work schedule.
引文
[1]罗晓丽,黄丽丽,顾靖,等.某汽车企业工人噪声暴露与听力损失关系研究[J].中华全科医学,2013,11(2):277-279.
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[11]焦洁,谷桂珍,陈国顺,等.人血清镁离子水平与噪声性听力损失发生风险的关系[J].中华劳动卫生职业病杂志,2016,34(12):884-888.
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[13]武珊珊,于金宁,何春宏,等.炼化行业噪声作业工人听力损失现状及影响因素[J].中华劳动卫生职业病杂志,2016,34(12):917-919.
[14]何军,赵雯弘,王思杰.某大型化工厂噪声从业人员听力损失情况调查[J].职业卫生与应急救援,2017,35(1):44-45,61.
[15]周强,钟皓成,彭艳,等.吸烟对职业噪声暴露人群的听力影响研究[J].中国眼耳鼻喉科杂志,2015,15(1):36-38.
[16]刘陶然,李夏,逄增昌,等.青岛农村地区中老年人听力损失情况及影响因素[J].中国公共卫生,2013,29(8):1147-1150.
[17]FRANSEN E,TOPSAKAL V,HENDRICKX J J,et al.Occupational noise,smoking,and a high body mass index are risk factors for agerelated hearing impairment and moderate alcohol consumption is protective:a european population-based multicenter study[J].JARO,2008,9(3):264-276.
[18]丛乃霞,刘贺,梁少辉.生物节律的研究进展[J].中国疗养医学,2016,25(8):809-812.
[19]SELVI Y,KANDEGER A,BOYSAN M,et al.The effects of individual biological rhythm differences on sleep quality,daytime sleepiness,and dissociative experiences[J].Psychiatry Res,2017,256:243-248.
[20]RIZK S A,SHARAF N E,MAHDY-ABDALLAH H,et al.Some health effects of aircraft noise with special reference to shift work[J].Toxicol Ind Health,2016,32(6),961-967.
[21]SCHRECKENBERG D,GRIEFAHN B,MEIS M.The associations between noise sensitivity,reported physical and mental health,perceived environmental quality,and noise annoyance[J].Noise Health,2010,12(46):7-16.
[2]孙贵范,邬堂春,牛侨,等.职业卫生与职业医学[M].7版.北京:人民卫生出版社,2012:217-220.
[3]石磊,张星.噪声对人体健康影响研究进展[J].中国职业医学,2015,42(2):225-228.
[4]郭桂梅,邓欢忠,韦献革,等.噪声对人体健康影响的研究进展[J].职业与健康,2016,32(5):713-716.
[5]陶志民,李嘉辉,邹文英,等.噪声性听力损失人群易感基因多态性研究进展[J].中国职业医学,2016,43(3):375-379.
[6]王致.汽车制造行业职业病预防控制与管理[M].北京:中国人民大学出版社,2015:1-7.
[7]中华人民共和国卫生部.工作场所物理因素测量第8部分:噪声:GBZ/T 189.8-2007[S].北京:人民卫生出版社,2007.
[8]中华人民共和国卫生部.职业性噪声聋的诊断:GBZ 49-2014[S].北京:人民卫生出版社,2014.
[9]苏艺伟,李艳华,郭尧平,等.2017年广州市某汽车厂职业病危害因素及职工健康状况[J].职业与健康,2018,34(17):2310-2313,2317.
[10]JAHANI L,MEHRPARVAR A H,ESMAILIDEHA J M,et al.The effect of atorvastatin on preventing noise-induced hearing loss:an experimental study[J].Int J Occup Environ Med,2016,7(1):15-21.
[11]焦洁,谷桂珍,陈国顺,等.人血清镁离子水平与噪声性听力损失发生风险的关系[J].中华劳动卫生职业病杂志,2016,34(12):884-888.
[12]LEI S,HUANG L,LIU Y,et al.Polymorphisms of heat shock protein 70genes(HSPA1A,HSPA1B and HSPA1L)and susceptibility of noiseinduced hearing loss in a Chinese population:a case-control study[J].PLos One,2017,12(2):e0171722.
[13]武珊珊,于金宁,何春宏,等.炼化行业噪声作业工人听力损失现状及影响因素[J].中华劳动卫生职业病杂志,2016,34(12):917-919.
[14]何军,赵雯弘,王思杰.某大型化工厂噪声从业人员听力损失情况调查[J].职业卫生与应急救援,2017,35(1):44-45,61.
[15]周强,钟皓成,彭艳,等.吸烟对职业噪声暴露人群的听力影响研究[J].中国眼耳鼻喉科杂志,2015,15(1):36-38.
[16]刘陶然,李夏,逄增昌,等.青岛农村地区中老年人听力损失情况及影响因素[J].中国公共卫生,2013,29(8):1147-1150.
[17]FRANSEN E,TOPSAKAL V,HENDRICKX J J,et al.Occupational noise,smoking,and a high body mass index are risk factors for agerelated hearing impairment and moderate alcohol consumption is protective:a european population-based multicenter study[J].JARO,2008,9(3):264-276.
[18]丛乃霞,刘贺,梁少辉.生物节律的研究进展[J].中国疗养医学,2016,25(8):809-812.
[19]SELVI Y,KANDEGER A,BOYSAN M,et al.The effects of individual biological rhythm differences on sleep quality,daytime sleepiness,and dissociative experiences[J].Psychiatry Res,2017,256:243-248.
[20]RIZK S A,SHARAF N E,MAHDY-ABDALLAH H,et al.Some health effects of aircraft noise with special reference to shift work[J].Toxicol Ind Health,2016,32(6),961-967.
[21]SCHRECKENBERG D,GRIEFAHN B,MEIS M.The associations between noise sensitivity,reported physical and mental health,perceived environmental quality,and noise annoyance[J].Noise Health,2010,12(46):7-16.