机载SAR影像定向中像点粗差的拟准检定方法
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摘要
结合距离-多普勒模型,推导了SAR(synthetic aperture radar)影像定向中像点坐标粗差对误差方程的影响,分析了像点坐标粗差探测的必要性和难点;依据粗差的拟准检定法,针对SAR影像定向中的像点坐标粗差检定问题,设计了具体的解算流程和策略,首次将粗差的拟准检定法运用到机载SAR影像定向中。并分别利用模拟和实测数据进行了系统性的实验,结果表明,该方法不仅能够准确探测出多个粗差的位置,而且能够估计出粗差的大小。与SAR影像定向通常采用的最小二乘方法相比,该方法能够明显提高SAR影像定向参数的解算精度以及后续的立体定位精度,对于修复受粗差影响的SAR影像数据具有重要意义。
This paper focuses on the detection of gross error in airborne SAR image coordinates during the process of orientation parameter calculation and stereo positioning. Firstly, based on the range Doppler model, a preliminary discussion is conducted to investigate the impact of image coordinate gross error on the error equations. Secondly, after analyzing the necessity and difficulty of gross detection, based on the quasi-accurate detection, a specific calculation scheme and strategy for orientation parameter calculation is proposed. For the first time, quasi-accurate detection is applied to SAR image orientation. Finally, a series of experiments with both simulated data and real airborne SAR images are carried out to validate the proposed scheme and strategy. The experimental results show that the proposed scheme in this paper is able to detect and calculate the gross errors in image coordinates. Compared to the classical least-square estimation usually used in image orientation, a higher accuracy of both orientation parameters and the subsequent stereo positioning are achieved. The research in this paper is particularly meaningful to improve the quality of the SAR data affected by gross errors in situations where control points are not enough.
This paper focuses on the detection of gross error in airborne SAR image coordinates during the process of orientation parameter calculation and stereo positioning. Firstly, based on the range Doppler model, a preliminary discussion is conducted to investigate the impact of image coordinate gross error on the error equations. Secondly, after analyzing the necessity and difficulty of gross detection, based on the quasi-accurate detection, a specific calculation scheme and strategy for orientation parameter calculation is proposed. For the first time, quasi-accurate detection is applied to SAR image orientation. Finally, a series of experiments with both simulated data and real airborne SAR images are carried out to validate the proposed scheme and strategy. The experimental results show that the proposed scheme in this paper is able to detect and calculate the gross errors in image coordinates. Compared to the classical least-square estimation usually used in image orientation, a higher accuracy of both orientation parameters and the subsequent stereo positioning are achieved. The research in this paper is particularly meaningful to improve the quality of the SAR data affected by gross errors in situations where control points are not enough.
引文
[1] Jin Guowang. Research on Key Processing Techniques for Deriving Accurate DEM from InSAR[D]. Zhengzhou: Information Engineering University, 2007(靳国旺. InSAR获取高精度DEM关键处理技术研究[D]. 郑州:信息工程大学, 2007)
[2] Zhang Hongmin. Research on Technologies of Accurate Positioning with SAR Images[D]. Zhengzhou: Information Engineering University, 2013(张红敏. SAR影像高精度定位技术研究[D]. 郑州:信息工程大学, 2013)
[3] Zhang Hongmin, Jin Guowang, Xu Qing,et al. Accurate Positioning with Stereo SAR Images and One Ground Control Point[J]. Journal of Radars, 2014, 3(1):85-91(张红敏, 靳国旺, 徐青, 等. 利用单个地面控制点的SAR图像高精度立体定位[J]. 雷达学报, 2014, 3(1): 85-91)
[4] Wang Mengmeng, Huang Guoman, Hua Fenfen, et al. Joint Calibration Method of Airborne Dual-antenna Interferometric SAR[J]. Acta Geodaetica et Cartographica Sinica, 2014, 43(12): 1 259-1 265(王萌萌, 黄国满, 花奋奋, 等. 机载双天线InSAR联合定标算法[J]. 测绘学报, 2014, 43(12): 1 259-1 265)
[5] Gisinger C, Balss U, Pail R, et al. Precise Three-Dimensional Stereo Localization of Corner Reflectors and Persistent Scatterers with TerraSAR-X [J]. IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing, 2015, 53(4): 1 782-1 802
[6] Frankot R T, Hensley S, Shafer S. Noise Resistant Estimation Techniques for SAR Image Registration and Stereo Matching[C].Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium,Pasadena,California,USA,1994
[7] Yague-Martinez N, Eineder M, Brcic R, et al. TanDEM-X Mission: SAR Image Coregistration Aspects[C]. 8th European Conference on Synthetic Aperture Radar, Aachen, Germany, 2010
[8] Shi Lei, Li Pingxiang, Yang Jie. SAR Imagery Registration Based on SIFT and Data Snooping [J]. Geomatics and Information Science of Wuhan University, 2010, 35(11): 1 296-1 299(史磊, 李平湘, 杨杰. 利用SIFT与粗差探测进行SAR影像配准[J]. 武汉大学学报·信息科学版, 2010, 35(11): 1 296-1 299)
[9] Liao M, Wang T, Lu L, et al. Reconstruction of DEMs from ERS-1/2 TanDEM Data in Mountainous Area Facilitated by SRTM Data[J]. IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing, 2007, 45(7): 2 325-2 335
[10] Ou Jikun. Quasi-Accurate Detection of Gross Error[J]. Acta Geodaetica et Cartographica Sinica, 1999, 28(1): 15-20(欧吉坤. 粗差的拟准检定法 (QUAD 法)[J]. 测绘学报, 1999, 28(1): 15-20)
[11] Chai Yanju. Theory, Application and Program Design of Quasi-Accurate Detection[D]. Wuhan:Institute of Geodesy and Geophysics,Unirersity of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 2002(柴艳菊. 拟准检定法的理论、应用及程序设计[D]. 武汉:中国科学院研究生院(测量与地球物理研究所), 2002)
[12] Han Baoming, Ou Jikun. Detecting and Repairing the Gross Errors and Cycle Slips by QUAD Method[J]. Geomatics and Information Science of Wuhan University, 2002, 27(3): 246-250(韩保民, 欧吉坤. 用拟准检定法探测和修复GPS数据中的粗差和周跳[J]. 武汉大学学报·信息科学版, 2002, 27(3): 246-250)
[13] Han Baoming, Ou Jikun, Qu Guoqing. A Comprehensive Kalman Filtering and Its Application to GPS-based Orbit Determination for LEOs[J]. Geomatics and Information Science of Wuhan University, 2005, 30(6): 493-496(韩保民,欧吉坤,曲国庆. 一种新的综合Kalman滤波及其在星载GPS低轨卫星定轨中的应用[J]. 武汉大学学报·信息科学版, 2005, 30(6): 493-496)
[14] Gui Qingming, Li Xinna. Bayesian Unmasking Method for Positioning Multiple Blunder[J]. Geomatics and Information Science of Wuhan University, 2010, 35(1): 1-5(归庆明, 李新娜. 多个粗差定位的抗掩盖型Bayes方法[J]. 武汉大学学报· 信息科学版, 2010, 35(1): 1-5)
[15] Zhang Qianqian, Gui Qingming, Wang Yanting. Multiple Outlier Detection in Observations Including Leverage Points with Outliers by Bayes Method[J]. Geomatics and Information Science of Wuhan University, 2012, 37(5): 582-585(张倩倩,归庆明,王延停. 处理高杠杆异常值的抗隐差型Bayes方法[J]. 武汉大学学报·信息科学版, 2012, 37(5): 582-585)
[16] Wang Yanting, Gui Qingming. Bayes Unmasking Method to Detection of Gross Errors Together with Influence Analysis[J]. Geomatics and Information Science of Wuhan University, 2012, 37(9): 1 055-1 058(王延停,归庆明. 结合影响分析的抗隐差型Bayes粗差探测方法[J]. 武汉大学学报·信息科学版, 2012, 37(9): 1 055-1 058)
[2] Zhang Hongmin. Research on Technologies of Accurate Positioning with SAR Images[D]. Zhengzhou: Information Engineering University, 2013(张红敏. SAR影像高精度定位技术研究[D]. 郑州:信息工程大学, 2013)
[3] Zhang Hongmin, Jin Guowang, Xu Qing,et al. Accurate Positioning with Stereo SAR Images and One Ground Control Point[J]. Journal of Radars, 2014, 3(1):85-91(张红敏, 靳国旺, 徐青, 等. 利用单个地面控制点的SAR图像高精度立体定位[J]. 雷达学报, 2014, 3(1): 85-91)
[4] Wang Mengmeng, Huang Guoman, Hua Fenfen, et al. Joint Calibration Method of Airborne Dual-antenna Interferometric SAR[J]. Acta Geodaetica et Cartographica Sinica, 2014, 43(12): 1 259-1 265(王萌萌, 黄国满, 花奋奋, 等. 机载双天线InSAR联合定标算法[J]. 测绘学报, 2014, 43(12): 1 259-1 265)
[5] Gisinger C, Balss U, Pail R, et al. Precise Three-Dimensional Stereo Localization of Corner Reflectors and Persistent Scatterers with TerraSAR-X [J]. IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing, 2015, 53(4): 1 782-1 802
[6] Frankot R T, Hensley S, Shafer S. Noise Resistant Estimation Techniques for SAR Image Registration and Stereo Matching[C].Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium,Pasadena,California,USA,1994
[7] Yague-Martinez N, Eineder M, Brcic R, et al. TanDEM-X Mission: SAR Image Coregistration Aspects[C]. 8th European Conference on Synthetic Aperture Radar, Aachen, Germany, 2010
[8] Shi Lei, Li Pingxiang, Yang Jie. SAR Imagery Registration Based on SIFT and Data Snooping [J]. Geomatics and Information Science of Wuhan University, 2010, 35(11): 1 296-1 299(史磊, 李平湘, 杨杰. 利用SIFT与粗差探测进行SAR影像配准[J]. 武汉大学学报·信息科学版, 2010, 35(11): 1 296-1 299)
[9] Liao M, Wang T, Lu L, et al. Reconstruction of DEMs from ERS-1/2 TanDEM Data in Mountainous Area Facilitated by SRTM Data[J]. IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing, 2007, 45(7): 2 325-2 335
[10] Ou Jikun. Quasi-Accurate Detection of Gross Error[J]. Acta Geodaetica et Cartographica Sinica, 1999, 28(1): 15-20(欧吉坤. 粗差的拟准检定法 (QUAD 法)[J]. 测绘学报, 1999, 28(1): 15-20)
[11] Chai Yanju. Theory, Application and Program Design of Quasi-Accurate Detection[D]. Wuhan:Institute of Geodesy and Geophysics,Unirersity of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 2002(柴艳菊. 拟准检定法的理论、应用及程序设计[D]. 武汉:中国科学院研究生院(测量与地球物理研究所), 2002)
[12] Han Baoming, Ou Jikun. Detecting and Repairing the Gross Errors and Cycle Slips by QUAD Method[J]. Geomatics and Information Science of Wuhan University, 2002, 27(3): 246-250(韩保民, 欧吉坤. 用拟准检定法探测和修复GPS数据中的粗差和周跳[J]. 武汉大学学报·信息科学版, 2002, 27(3): 246-250)
[13] Han Baoming, Ou Jikun, Qu Guoqing. A Comprehensive Kalman Filtering and Its Application to GPS-based Orbit Determination for LEOs[J]. Geomatics and Information Science of Wuhan University, 2005, 30(6): 493-496(韩保民,欧吉坤,曲国庆. 一种新的综合Kalman滤波及其在星载GPS低轨卫星定轨中的应用[J]. 武汉大学学报·信息科学版, 2005, 30(6): 493-496)
[14] Gui Qingming, Li Xinna. Bayesian Unmasking Method for Positioning Multiple Blunder[J]. Geomatics and Information Science of Wuhan University, 2010, 35(1): 1-5(归庆明, 李新娜. 多个粗差定位的抗掩盖型Bayes方法[J]. 武汉大学学报· 信息科学版, 2010, 35(1): 1-5)
[15] Zhang Qianqian, Gui Qingming, Wang Yanting. Multiple Outlier Detection in Observations Including Leverage Points with Outliers by Bayes Method[J]. Geomatics and Information Science of Wuhan University, 2012, 37(5): 582-585(张倩倩,归庆明,王延停. 处理高杠杆异常值的抗隐差型Bayes方法[J]. 武汉大学学报·信息科学版, 2012, 37(5): 582-585)
[16] Wang Yanting, Gui Qingming. Bayes Unmasking Method to Detection of Gross Errors Together with Influence Analysis[J]. Geomatics and Information Science of Wuhan University, 2012, 37(9): 1 055-1 058(王延停,归庆明. 结合影响分析的抗隐差型Bayes粗差探测方法[J]. 武汉大学学报·信息科学版, 2012, 37(9): 1 055-1 058)