非理想航迹城市建筑群MIMO下视阵列SAR三维仿真
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摘要
在缺少真实下视阵列合成孔径雷达(synthetic aperture radar, SAR)系统而带来数据获取和成像算法研究等困难的当下,下视阵列SAR三维仿真的研究具有重要意义。为了还原载机平台真实的飞行航迹,验证阵列SAR技术在高层建筑物密集城区的地形测绘能力,摒弃传统仿真研究基于匀速直线运动的假设,以高度骤变的城市建筑物为对象,分析构建了多输入多输出(multiple input multiple output,MIMO)下视阵列SAR非理想航迹运动误差模型,提出了非理想航迹城市建筑群MIMO下视阵列SAR三维距离多谱勒成像算法。利用航空平台的航迹与姿态建模仿真技术,以及快速高效的回波仿真技术对成像算法进行了仿真实验,验证了方法的正确性和有效性。
In the era of absence of realistic downward-looking array synthetic aperture radar(SAR)system,the difficulties in data acquisition and further imaging algorithms research have been brought about.So the research of downward-looking array SAR three-dimensional(3 D)simulation has great significance.In order to restore the aircraft's real flight path and to verify the topographical mapping ability of array SAR technology in high-rise buildings,the traditional simulation research based on the assumption of uniform linear motion is abandoned.And the non-ideal trajectory motion error model of MIMO(multiple input multiple output)downward-looking array SAR is analyzed and constructed with high-abrupt urban buildings.The 3 Drange-Doppler(RD)imaging algorithm of urban buildings MIMO downward-looking array SAR under non-ideal trajectory is proposed.Then the flight path and attitude modeling simulation technique of the aeronautical platform,and a fast and efficient echo simulation technique are used to carry out simulation experiments.The correctness and effectiveness of the imaging algorithm are verified by the imaging results.
In the era of absence of realistic downward-looking array synthetic aperture radar(SAR)system,the difficulties in data acquisition and further imaging algorithms research have been brought about.So the research of downward-looking array SAR three-dimensional(3 D)simulation has great significance.In order to restore the aircraft's real flight path and to verify the topographical mapping ability of array SAR technology in high-rise buildings,the traditional simulation research based on the assumption of uniform linear motion is abandoned.And the non-ideal trajectory motion error model of MIMO(multiple input multiple output)downward-looking array SAR is analyzed and constructed with high-abrupt urban buildings.The 3 Drange-Doppler(RD)imaging algorithm of urban buildings MIMO downward-looking array SAR under non-ideal trajectory is proposed.Then the flight path and attitude modeling simulation technique of the aeronautical platform,and a fast and efficient echo simulation technique are used to carry out simulation experiments.The correctness and effectiveness of the imaging algorithm are verified by the imaging results.
引文
[1] Jin Guowang, Xu Qing, Zhang Hongmin. Synthetic Aperture Radar Interferometry[M]. Beijing: National Defense Industry Press, 2014(靳国旺, 徐青, 张红敏. 合成孔径雷达干涉测量[M].北京:国防工业出版社, 2014)
[2] Jin Guowang. Research on Key Processing Technique for Deriving Accurate DEM from InSAR[D]. Zhengzhou: Information Engineering University, 2007(靳国旺. InSAR获取高精度DEM关键处理技术研究[D]. 郑州:信息工程大学, 2007)
[3] Liu Hui, Li Geshuang. Antenna Configuration Design of MIMO Downward-Looking Array SAR of Unmanned Aerial Vehicle[J]. Bulletin of Surve-ying and Mapping, 2016(12): 39-43(刘辉, 李葛爽. 无人机MIMO下视阵列SAR天线构型设计[J]. 测绘通报, 2016(12): 39-43)
[4] Liu Hui, Xu Qing, Jin Guowang, et al. MIMO Antenna Polynomial Weighted Average Design Method of Downward-Looking Array SAR[J]. Internatio-nal Journal of Antennas and Propagation, 2017(3): 1-18
[5] Du Lei. Study on Model, Algorithm and Experiment for Downward-Looking Synthetic Aperture Radar Three-Dimensional Imaging Based on Linear Array Antennas [D]. Beijing: Institute of Electro-nics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 2010(杜磊. 阵列天线下视合成孔径雷达三维成像模型、方法与实验研究[D]. 北京:中国科学院电子学研究所, 2010)
[6] Wang Yinbo. Research on Key Technologies of New Three-Dimensional Array SAR[D]. Chengdu: University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, 2009(王银波. 新型阵列三维SAR关键技术研究[D]. 成都:电子科技大学, 2009)
[7] Gierull C H. On a Concept for an Airborne Downward-Looking Imaging Radar[J]. International Journal of Electronics and Communications, 1999, 53(6): 295-304
[8] Giret R, Jeuland H, Enert P. A Study of a 3D-SAR Concept for a Millimeter-Wave Imaging Radar Onboard an UAV[C]. European Radar Conference 2004, Amsterdam, Netherland, 2004
[9] Nouvel J, Jeuland H, Bonin G, et al. A Ka-band Imaging Radar: DRIVE On board ONERA Motorglider[C]. IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium, Denver, USA, 2006
[10] Klare J, Brenner A R, Ender J H G. A New Airborne Radar for 3D Imaging: Image Formation Using the ARTINO Principle[C]. The 6th European Conference on Synthetic Aperture Radar, Dresden, Germany, 2006
[11] Klare J. A New Airborne Radar for 3D Imaging - Simulation Study of ARTINO[C]. The 6th Euro-pean Conference on Synthetic Aperture Radar, Dresden, Germany, 2006
[12] Li Weihua. Linear 3D SAR Imaging Principle and Algorithm Research Based on PCA Principle[D]. Chengdu: University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, 2009(李伟华. 基于PCA原理的线阵三维SAR成像原理与算法研究[D]. 成都:电子科技大学, 2009)
[13] Du Lei, Wang Yanping, Hong Wen, et al. Three-Dimensional Imaging Algorithm for Synthetic Aperture Radar with Linear Array Antennas Based on Elevation Angle Compression Principle[J]. Journal of the Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, 2010, 27(6): 800-808(杜磊, 王彦平, 洪文, 等. 基于俯仰角压缩的阵列天线合成孔径雷达三维成像算法研究[J]. 中国科学院研究生院学报, 2010, 27(6): 800-808)
[14] Peng Xueming, Wang Yanping, Tan Weixian, et al. Airborne Downward-Looking MIMO 3D-SAR Imaging Algorithm Based on Cross-Track Thinned Array[J]. Journal of Eletronics and Information Technology, 2012, 34(4): 943-949(彭学明, 王彦平, 谭维贤, 等. 基于跨航向稀疏阵列的机载下视MIMO 3D-SAR 三维成像算法[J]. 电子与信息学报, 2012,34(4): 943-949)
[15] Teng Xiumin, Li Daojing. Downward-Looking 3D Imaging Processing for Airborne Cross-Track Sparse Array Radar[J]. Journal of Electronics and Information Technology, 2012, 34(6): 1 311-1 317(滕秀敏, 李道京. 机载交规稀疏阵列天线雷达的下视三维成像处理[J]. 电子与信息学报, 2012, 34(6): 1 311-1 317)
[16] Peng Xueming, Wang Yanping, Tan Weixian, et al. Fast Wavenumber Domain Imaging Algorithm for Airborne Downward-Looking Array 3D-SAR Based on Region of Interest Pick[J]. Journal of Eletronics and Information Technology, 2013, 35(7): 1 526-1 531(彭学明, 王彦平, 谭维贤, 等. 基于感兴趣区域搜寻的机载下视阵列3D SAR波数域快速成像方法[J]. 电子与信息学报, 2013, 35(7): 1 526-1 531)
[17] Li Xueshi, Sun Guangcai, Xu Gang, et al. A New Method of Downward-Looking 3D-SAR Based on Compressed Sensing[J]. Journal of Electronics and Information Technology, 2012, 34(5): 1 017-1 023(李学仕, 孙光才, 徐刚, 等. 基于压缩感知的下视三维成像新方法[J]. 电子与信息学报, 2012, 34(5): 1 017-1 023)
[18] Luo Yuchuan. Array SAR 3D Imaging Method Based on Compressed Sensing[D]. Chengdu: University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, 2015(罗煜川. 基于压缩感知的阵列SAR三维成像方法研究[D]. 成都:电子科技大学, 2015)
[19] Shi Jun, Zhang Xiaoling, Wei Shunjun, et al. An Optimal DEM Reconstruction Method for Linear Array Synthetic Aperture Radar Based on Variational Model[J]. Journal of Radars, 2015, 4(1):20-28(师君, 张晓玲, 韦顺军, 等. 基于变分模型的阵列三维SAR最优DEM重建方法[J]. 雷达学报, 2015, 4(1): 20-28)
[20] Zhao Yichao, Zhu Yutao, Yang Meng, et al. Linear Array SAR Imaging Method Based on Redundant Compressive Sampling[J]. Modern Electronics Technique, 2015, 38(16): 76-80(赵逸超, 朱宇涛, 杨猛, 等. 基于压缩冗余采样的线阵三维SAR成像方法[J]. 现代电子技术, 2015, 38(16):76-80)
[21] Liu Yongtan. Radar Imaging Technology[M]. Harbin: Harbin Institute of Technology Press, 1999(刘永坦. 雷达成像技术[M]. 哈尔滨: 哈尔滨工业大学出版社, 1999)
[22] Bao Zheng, Xing Mengdao, Wang Tong. Radar Ima-ging Technology[M]. Beijing: Publishing House of Electronics Industry, 2005(保铮, 邢孟道, 王彤. 雷达成像技术[M]. 北京:电子工业出版社, 2005)
[2] Jin Guowang. Research on Key Processing Technique for Deriving Accurate DEM from InSAR[D]. Zhengzhou: Information Engineering University, 2007(靳国旺. InSAR获取高精度DEM关键处理技术研究[D]. 郑州:信息工程大学, 2007)
[3] Liu Hui, Li Geshuang. Antenna Configuration Design of MIMO Downward-Looking Array SAR of Unmanned Aerial Vehicle[J]. Bulletin of Surve-ying and Mapping, 2016(12): 39-43(刘辉, 李葛爽. 无人机MIMO下视阵列SAR天线构型设计[J]. 测绘通报, 2016(12): 39-43)
[4] Liu Hui, Xu Qing, Jin Guowang, et al. MIMO Antenna Polynomial Weighted Average Design Method of Downward-Looking Array SAR[J]. Internatio-nal Journal of Antennas and Propagation, 2017(3): 1-18
[5] Du Lei. Study on Model, Algorithm and Experiment for Downward-Looking Synthetic Aperture Radar Three-Dimensional Imaging Based on Linear Array Antennas [D]. Beijing: Institute of Electro-nics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 2010(杜磊. 阵列天线下视合成孔径雷达三维成像模型、方法与实验研究[D]. 北京:中国科学院电子学研究所, 2010)
[6] Wang Yinbo. Research on Key Technologies of New Three-Dimensional Array SAR[D]. Chengdu: University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, 2009(王银波. 新型阵列三维SAR关键技术研究[D]. 成都:电子科技大学, 2009)
[7] Gierull C H. On a Concept for an Airborne Downward-Looking Imaging Radar[J]. International Journal of Electronics and Communications, 1999, 53(6): 295-304
[8] Giret R, Jeuland H, Enert P. A Study of a 3D-SAR Concept for a Millimeter-Wave Imaging Radar Onboard an UAV[C]. European Radar Conference 2004, Amsterdam, Netherland, 2004
[9] Nouvel J, Jeuland H, Bonin G, et al. A Ka-band Imaging Radar: DRIVE On board ONERA Motorglider[C]. IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium, Denver, USA, 2006
[10] Klare J, Brenner A R, Ender J H G. A New Airborne Radar for 3D Imaging: Image Formation Using the ARTINO Principle[C]. The 6th European Conference on Synthetic Aperture Radar, Dresden, Germany, 2006
[11] Klare J. A New Airborne Radar for 3D Imaging - Simulation Study of ARTINO[C]. The 6th Euro-pean Conference on Synthetic Aperture Radar, Dresden, Germany, 2006
[12] Li Weihua. Linear 3D SAR Imaging Principle and Algorithm Research Based on PCA Principle[D]. Chengdu: University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, 2009(李伟华. 基于PCA原理的线阵三维SAR成像原理与算法研究[D]. 成都:电子科技大学, 2009)
[13] Du Lei, Wang Yanping, Hong Wen, et al. Three-Dimensional Imaging Algorithm for Synthetic Aperture Radar with Linear Array Antennas Based on Elevation Angle Compression Principle[J]. Journal of the Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, 2010, 27(6): 800-808(杜磊, 王彦平, 洪文, 等. 基于俯仰角压缩的阵列天线合成孔径雷达三维成像算法研究[J]. 中国科学院研究生院学报, 2010, 27(6): 800-808)
[14] Peng Xueming, Wang Yanping, Tan Weixian, et al. Airborne Downward-Looking MIMO 3D-SAR Imaging Algorithm Based on Cross-Track Thinned Array[J]. Journal of Eletronics and Information Technology, 2012, 34(4): 943-949(彭学明, 王彦平, 谭维贤, 等. 基于跨航向稀疏阵列的机载下视MIMO 3D-SAR 三维成像算法[J]. 电子与信息学报, 2012,34(4): 943-949)
[15] Teng Xiumin, Li Daojing. Downward-Looking 3D Imaging Processing for Airborne Cross-Track Sparse Array Radar[J]. Journal of Electronics and Information Technology, 2012, 34(6): 1 311-1 317(滕秀敏, 李道京. 机载交规稀疏阵列天线雷达的下视三维成像处理[J]. 电子与信息学报, 2012, 34(6): 1 311-1 317)
[16] Peng Xueming, Wang Yanping, Tan Weixian, et al. Fast Wavenumber Domain Imaging Algorithm for Airborne Downward-Looking Array 3D-SAR Based on Region of Interest Pick[J]. Journal of Eletronics and Information Technology, 2013, 35(7): 1 526-1 531(彭学明, 王彦平, 谭维贤, 等. 基于感兴趣区域搜寻的机载下视阵列3D SAR波数域快速成像方法[J]. 电子与信息学报, 2013, 35(7): 1 526-1 531)
[17] Li Xueshi, Sun Guangcai, Xu Gang, et al. A New Method of Downward-Looking 3D-SAR Based on Compressed Sensing[J]. Journal of Electronics and Information Technology, 2012, 34(5): 1 017-1 023(李学仕, 孙光才, 徐刚, 等. 基于压缩感知的下视三维成像新方法[J]. 电子与信息学报, 2012, 34(5): 1 017-1 023)
[18] Luo Yuchuan. Array SAR 3D Imaging Method Based on Compressed Sensing[D]. Chengdu: University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, 2015(罗煜川. 基于压缩感知的阵列SAR三维成像方法研究[D]. 成都:电子科技大学, 2015)
[19] Shi Jun, Zhang Xiaoling, Wei Shunjun, et al. An Optimal DEM Reconstruction Method for Linear Array Synthetic Aperture Radar Based on Variational Model[J]. Journal of Radars, 2015, 4(1):20-28(师君, 张晓玲, 韦顺军, 等. 基于变分模型的阵列三维SAR最优DEM重建方法[J]. 雷达学报, 2015, 4(1): 20-28)
[20] Zhao Yichao, Zhu Yutao, Yang Meng, et al. Linear Array SAR Imaging Method Based on Redundant Compressive Sampling[J]. Modern Electronics Technique, 2015, 38(16): 76-80(赵逸超, 朱宇涛, 杨猛, 等. 基于压缩冗余采样的线阵三维SAR成像方法[J]. 现代电子技术, 2015, 38(16):76-80)
[21] Liu Yongtan. Radar Imaging Technology[M]. Harbin: Harbin Institute of Technology Press, 1999(刘永坦. 雷达成像技术[M]. 哈尔滨: 哈尔滨工业大学出版社, 1999)
[22] Bao Zheng, Xing Mengdao, Wang Tong. Radar Ima-ging Technology[M]. Beijing: Publishing House of Electronics Industry, 2005(保铮, 邢孟道, 王彤. 雷达成像技术[M]. 北京:电子工业出版社, 2005)