固体废弃物堆肥过程中氮素转化及损失控制策略研究
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摘要
好氧堆肥是一种有效处理城市固体废弃物的方法,不但操作简便,且能将废弃物转化为有机肥。而氮素作为重要的营养元素,其转化与损失是衡量堆肥效率的重要标准。在堆肥过程中,堆体中的氮素以有机氮、铵态氮、硝态氮等形态存在并相互转化,在转化过程中不可避免会产生氨气,而氨气的挥发是固体废弃物堆肥过程中氮素损失的主要途径。结合国内外专家学者的研究对污泥及餐厨垃圾好氧堆肥过程中氮素的转化过程、损失因素、损失机理及控制其损失的措施进行总结,并对城市固体废弃物好氧堆肥过程进行展望,以期为该领域的研究提供科学参考。
Aerobic composting is a method that can effectively treat municipal solid wastes. It is not only easy to operate but also could convert wastes into organic fertilizers, thus turning wastes into treasures. Nitrogen, as an important nutrition element in the process of aerobic composting, its transformation and loss are important criteria to measure the composting efficiency. In the composting process, nitrogen in the compost piles exists in the form of organic nitrogen, ammonium nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen, etc. and could transform mutually. During the transformation process, there will be inevitable ammonia, while the volatilization of ammonia is the main way of nitrogen loss during composting of solid wastes. In this paper, according to the researches made by researchers in the world on aerobic composting process of sludge and food wastes, the nitrogen conversion process, loss factors, loss mechanisms and measures to control the loss were summarized, and the future prospects for aerobic composting process of urban solid wastes were put forward, aiming to provide certain scientific reference for future researches in this area.
Aerobic composting is a method that can effectively treat municipal solid wastes. It is not only easy to operate but also could convert wastes into organic fertilizers, thus turning wastes into treasures. Nitrogen, as an important nutrition element in the process of aerobic composting, its transformation and loss are important criteria to measure the composting efficiency. In the composting process, nitrogen in the compost piles exists in the form of organic nitrogen, ammonium nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen, etc. and could transform mutually. During the transformation process, there will be inevitable ammonia, while the volatilization of ammonia is the main way of nitrogen loss during composting of solid wastes. In this paper, according to the researches made by researchers in the world on aerobic composting process of sludge and food wastes, the nitrogen conversion process, loss factors, loss mechanisms and measures to control the loss were summarized, and the future prospects for aerobic composting process of urban solid wastes were put forward, aiming to provide certain scientific reference for future researches in this area.
引文
[1] 杨延梅,席北斗,刘鸿亮,等. 餐厨垃圾堆肥理化特性变化规律研究[J]. 环境科学研究,2007,20(2):72-77.
[2] 赵梦竹,潘燕辉,马金珠,等. 餐厨垃圾和污泥联合好氧堆肥中的氮素转化及损失[J]. 兰州大学学报,2016,52(3):301-306.
[3] 单爱丽,王帆,严红. 城市生活垃圾好氧堆肥中氨气变化及其影响[J]. 环境工程,2010,28(3):91-94.
[4] 胡佳佳,白相玉,刘汉湖,等. 国内外城市剩余污泥处置与利用现状[J]. 徐州工程学院学报,2009,24(2):45-49.
[5] 严建华,王飞,谢小青,等. 城镇污水处理厂污泥减量、无害化与综合利用关键技术研究与工程示范[J]. 给水排水,2013,49(10):9-13.
[6] 王振兴,徐琪,董伟强,等. 城市生活污泥蚯蚓堆肥过程中重金属形态变化特征[J]. 环境工程,2017,35(11):120-124.
[7] 蔡旺炜,陈俐慧,王为木,等. 我国城市厨余垃圾好氧堆肥研究综述[J]. 中国土壤与肥料,2014,6:8-13.
[8] Barrington S, Choinière D, Trigui M, et al. Effect of carbonsource on compost nitrogen and carbon losses[J]. Bioresource Technology, 2002, 83(3): 189-194.
[9] 李云蓓. 碳源调控对污泥堆肥过程氮素损失的影响及其作用机制[D].哈尔滨:哈尔滨工业大学,2014.
[10] 杨延梅. 添加剂对厨余垃圾堆肥氮素转化与氮素损失的影响[J]. 生态与农村环境学报,2012,28(3):282-287.
[11] Wei Y, Li J, Shi D, et al. Environmental challenges impeding the composting of biodegradable municipal solid waste: a critical review[J]. Resources Conservation & Recycling, 2017, 122: 51-65.
[12] 徐栋,沈东升,冯华军. 厨余垃圾的特性及处理技术研究进展[J]. 科技通报,2011,27(1):130-135.
[13] 刘盛萍. 生物垃圾快速好氧堆肥的研究[D].合肥:合肥工业大学,2006.
[14] 逯延军,吴星五. 城市生活垃圾和污泥混合堆肥中氮素变化规律研究[J]. 环境污染与防治,2008(2):59-63.
[15] 徐灵,王成端,姚岚. 污泥堆肥过程中主要性质及氮素转变[J]. 生态环境学报,2008,17(2):602-605.
[16] 贾程,张增强,张永涛. 污泥堆肥过程中氮素形态的变化[J]. 环境科学学报,2008,28(11):2269-2276.
[17] Guardia A, Petiot C, Rogeau D, et al. Influence of aeration rate onnitrogen dynamics during composting[J].Waste Management, 2008, 28(3): 575-587.
[18] 张红玉. 通风量对厨余垃圾堆肥腐熟度和氨气排放的影响[J]. 环境工程,2013,31(增刊1):483-486.
[19] 杨延梅,张相锋,杨志峰,等. 厨余好氧堆肥中的氮素转化与氮素损失研究[J]. 环境科学与技术,2006,29(12):54-56.
[20] 洪磊,肖学贵. 污泥堆肥过程中氮素损失及控制方法[J]. 河南农业,2016(11):19-20.
[21] 杨延梅,杨志峰,张相锋,等. 底物含氮量对厨余堆肥氮素转化及其损失的影响研究[J]. 环境科学学报,2007,27(6):993-999.
[22] 牛明芬,王昊,庞小平,等. 玉米秸秆的粒径与投加量对猪粪好氧堆肥的影响[J]. 环境科学与技术,2010,33(增刊2):159-161.
[23] Onwosi C, Igbokwe V, Odimba J N, et al. Composting technology in waste stabilization: on the methods, challenges and future prospects[J]. Journal of Environmental Management, 2017,190(4): 140-157.
[24] Sánchez-Monedero M A, Roig A, Paredes C, et al. Nitrogen transformation during organic waste composting by the Rutgers system and its effects on pH, EC and maturity of the composting mixtures[J]. Bioresource Technology, 2001, 78(3): 301-308.
[25] Zhou Y, Selvam A, Wong J W C. Effect of Chinese medicinal herbal residues on microbial communitysuccession and anti-pathogenic properties during co-composting with food waste [J]. Bioresource Technology, 2016, 217(10): 190-199.
[26] 翁洵,王炎,郑孟菲,等. 堆肥过程中氮素转化及保氮措施研究进展[J]. 中国农学通报,2017,33(27):26-32.
[27] 文惠敏. 污泥堆肥过程中温室气体排放和氮素损失控制工艺优化研究[D]. 哈尔滨:哈尔滨工业大学,2017.
[28] He Y, Xie K, Xu P, et al. Evolution of microbial community diversity and enzymatic activity during composting[J]. Research in Microbiology, 2013, 164: 189-198.
[29] Sommer S G. Effect of composting on nutrient loss and nitrogen availability of cattle deep litter[J]. European Journal of Agronomy, 2001, 14(2): 123-133.
[30] 周少奇,李端. 污泥堆肥过程中氮素损失机理及保氮技术[J]. 土壤,2003,35(6):481-484.
[31] 马丽红,黄懿梅,李学章,等. 牛粪堆肥化中氮素形态与微生物生理群的动态变化和耦合关系[J]. 农业环境科学学报,2009,28(12):2674-2679.
[32] 郭炜,于洪久,于春生,等. 生物质炭对城市污泥堆肥过程中氮素转化的影响[J]. 黑龙江农业科学,2016(11):34-37.
[33] 胡伟桐,余雅琳,李喆,等. 不同调理剂对生物沥浸污泥堆肥氮素损失的影响[J]. 农业环境科学学报,2015,34(12):2379-2385.
[34] Du X Y, Liu J L, Huang G H, et al. Formation of struvite crystals in a simulated food waste aerobic composting process[J]. Chemical Research in Chinese Universities, 2010, 26(2): 210-216.
[35] Wang S, Zeng Y. Ammonia emission mitigation in food waste composting: a review[J]. Bioresource Technology, 2018, 248(1): 13-19.
[36] 武一奇. 污泥好氧堆肥工艺条件对氮素损失的影响研究[D]. 哈尔滨:哈尔滨工业大学,2016.
[2] 赵梦竹,潘燕辉,马金珠,等. 餐厨垃圾和污泥联合好氧堆肥中的氮素转化及损失[J]. 兰州大学学报,2016,52(3):301-306.
[3] 单爱丽,王帆,严红. 城市生活垃圾好氧堆肥中氨气变化及其影响[J]. 环境工程,2010,28(3):91-94.
[4] 胡佳佳,白相玉,刘汉湖,等. 国内外城市剩余污泥处置与利用现状[J]. 徐州工程学院学报,2009,24(2):45-49.
[5] 严建华,王飞,谢小青,等. 城镇污水处理厂污泥减量、无害化与综合利用关键技术研究与工程示范[J]. 给水排水,2013,49(10):9-13.
[6] 王振兴,徐琪,董伟强,等. 城市生活污泥蚯蚓堆肥过程中重金属形态变化特征[J]. 环境工程,2017,35(11):120-124.
[7] 蔡旺炜,陈俐慧,王为木,等. 我国城市厨余垃圾好氧堆肥研究综述[J]. 中国土壤与肥料,2014,6:8-13.
[8] Barrington S, Choinière D, Trigui M, et al. Effect of carbonsource on compost nitrogen and carbon losses[J]. Bioresource Technology, 2002, 83(3): 189-194.
[9] 李云蓓. 碳源调控对污泥堆肥过程氮素损失的影响及其作用机制[D].哈尔滨:哈尔滨工业大学,2014.
[10] 杨延梅. 添加剂对厨余垃圾堆肥氮素转化与氮素损失的影响[J]. 生态与农村环境学报,2012,28(3):282-287.
[11] Wei Y, Li J, Shi D, et al. Environmental challenges impeding the composting of biodegradable municipal solid waste: a critical review[J]. Resources Conservation & Recycling, 2017, 122: 51-65.
[12] 徐栋,沈东升,冯华军. 厨余垃圾的特性及处理技术研究进展[J]. 科技通报,2011,27(1):130-135.
[13] 刘盛萍. 生物垃圾快速好氧堆肥的研究[D].合肥:合肥工业大学,2006.
[14] 逯延军,吴星五. 城市生活垃圾和污泥混合堆肥中氮素变化规律研究[J]. 环境污染与防治,2008(2):59-63.
[15] 徐灵,王成端,姚岚. 污泥堆肥过程中主要性质及氮素转变[J]. 生态环境学报,2008,17(2):602-605.
[16] 贾程,张增强,张永涛. 污泥堆肥过程中氮素形态的变化[J]. 环境科学学报,2008,28(11):2269-2276.
[17] Guardia A, Petiot C, Rogeau D, et al. Influence of aeration rate onnitrogen dynamics during composting[J].Waste Management, 2008, 28(3): 575-587.
[18] 张红玉. 通风量对厨余垃圾堆肥腐熟度和氨气排放的影响[J]. 环境工程,2013,31(增刊1):483-486.
[19] 杨延梅,张相锋,杨志峰,等. 厨余好氧堆肥中的氮素转化与氮素损失研究[J]. 环境科学与技术,2006,29(12):54-56.
[20] 洪磊,肖学贵. 污泥堆肥过程中氮素损失及控制方法[J]. 河南农业,2016(11):19-20.
[21] 杨延梅,杨志峰,张相锋,等. 底物含氮量对厨余堆肥氮素转化及其损失的影响研究[J]. 环境科学学报,2007,27(6):993-999.
[22] 牛明芬,王昊,庞小平,等. 玉米秸秆的粒径与投加量对猪粪好氧堆肥的影响[J]. 环境科学与技术,2010,33(增刊2):159-161.
[23] Onwosi C, Igbokwe V, Odimba J N, et al. Composting technology in waste stabilization: on the methods, challenges and future prospects[J]. Journal of Environmental Management, 2017,190(4): 140-157.
[24] Sánchez-Monedero M A, Roig A, Paredes C, et al. Nitrogen transformation during organic waste composting by the Rutgers system and its effects on pH, EC and maturity of the composting mixtures[J]. Bioresource Technology, 2001, 78(3): 301-308.
[25] Zhou Y, Selvam A, Wong J W C. Effect of Chinese medicinal herbal residues on microbial communitysuccession and anti-pathogenic properties during co-composting with food waste [J]. Bioresource Technology, 2016, 217(10): 190-199.
[26] 翁洵,王炎,郑孟菲,等. 堆肥过程中氮素转化及保氮措施研究进展[J]. 中国农学通报,2017,33(27):26-32.
[27] 文惠敏. 污泥堆肥过程中温室气体排放和氮素损失控制工艺优化研究[D]. 哈尔滨:哈尔滨工业大学,2017.
[28] He Y, Xie K, Xu P, et al. Evolution of microbial community diversity and enzymatic activity during composting[J]. Research in Microbiology, 2013, 164: 189-198.
[29] Sommer S G. Effect of composting on nutrient loss and nitrogen availability of cattle deep litter[J]. European Journal of Agronomy, 2001, 14(2): 123-133.
[30] 周少奇,李端. 污泥堆肥过程中氮素损失机理及保氮技术[J]. 土壤,2003,35(6):481-484.
[31] 马丽红,黄懿梅,李学章,等. 牛粪堆肥化中氮素形态与微生物生理群的动态变化和耦合关系[J]. 农业环境科学学报,2009,28(12):2674-2679.
[32] 郭炜,于洪久,于春生,等. 生物质炭对城市污泥堆肥过程中氮素转化的影响[J]. 黑龙江农业科学,2016(11):34-37.
[33] 胡伟桐,余雅琳,李喆,等. 不同调理剂对生物沥浸污泥堆肥氮素损失的影响[J]. 农业环境科学学报,2015,34(12):2379-2385.
[34] Du X Y, Liu J L, Huang G H, et al. Formation of struvite crystals in a simulated food waste aerobic composting process[J]. Chemical Research in Chinese Universities, 2010, 26(2): 210-216.
[35] Wang S, Zeng Y. Ammonia emission mitigation in food waste composting: a review[J]. Bioresource Technology, 2018, 248(1): 13-19.
[36] 武一奇. 污泥好氧堆肥工艺条件对氮素损失的影响研究[D]. 哈尔滨:哈尔滨工业大学,2016.