综合营养干预对阿勒泰农牧区哈萨克族孕妇、乳母和婴幼儿营养改善的效果
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摘要
目的研究营养干预对阿勒泰市吉木乃县农牧区哈萨克族孕妇、乳母和婴幼儿贫血状况的改善效果。方法于2013—2015年,采用入户24小时回顾法进行膳食调查,以此结果分析目标人群膳食结构并获得营养素摄入水平。对全县孕妇、乳母及6月龄婴幼儿开展铁强化酱油、营养素补充剂和婴幼儿辅食营养补充品(营养包)的为期2.4年的营养干预。并利用血红蛋白便携式分析仪检测3个目标人群的血红蛋白值。结果吉木乃县孕妇、乳母和婴幼儿营养素摄入普遍低于推荐摄入量,其中母乳喂养婴幼儿中,达到最小可接受膳食合格率为42.1%,非母乳喂养婴幼儿中,达到最小可接受膳食合格率为25%。营养干预后不同监测时间(2014和2015年)孕妇、乳母、婴幼儿的贫血患病率均显著低于基线水平(2014年:孕妇χ~2=26.27,乳母χ~2=18.06,婴幼儿χ~2=44.46; 2015年:孕妇χ~2=35.62,乳母χ~2=25.05,婴幼儿χ~2=39.61;所有均P<0.001)。结论综合营养干预对改善哈萨克族孕妇、乳母及婴幼儿的营养状况具有改善作用。
OBJECTIVE To study the effect of nutritional intervention for Kazak's pregnant women, lactating women and infants in farming and stockbreeding region of Jeminay County, Altay City. METHODS 24 h record method was conducted to implement dietary survey, and results were used to analyze dietary structure and nutrient intake level of pregnant women, lactating women and infants. Pregnant women, lactating women and infants over 6 months were intervened with iron fortified soy sauce nutrients supplement and Yingyangbao(YYB) for 2.4 years. Hemoglobin was detected for pregnant women, lactating women and infants by using HemoCue analyzer. RESULTS The nutrient intakes of the pregnant women, lactating women and infants were averagely lower than that of the recommended levels. In these infants who received breast feeding, the least acceptability diet quality rate was 42.1%, and in other infants who didn't receive breast feeding, the rate was 25%. After intervention,anemia prevalence of pregnant women, lactating women and infants were significantly reduced compared with the base line levels at 2 survey time points(2014:pregnant women χ~2=26.27,lactating women χ~2=18.06,infants χ~2=44.46, 2015年:pregnant women χ~2=35.62,lactating women χ~2=25.05,infants χ~2=39.61;all P<0.001). CONCLUSION The nutrition intervention of whole covering could improve nutrition status of Kazak's pregnant women, lactating women and infants.
OBJECTIVE To study the effect of nutritional intervention for Kazak's pregnant women, lactating women and infants in farming and stockbreeding region of Jeminay County, Altay City. METHODS 24 h record method was conducted to implement dietary survey, and results were used to analyze dietary structure and nutrient intake level of pregnant women, lactating women and infants. Pregnant women, lactating women and infants over 6 months were intervened with iron fortified soy sauce nutrients supplement and Yingyangbao(YYB) for 2.4 years. Hemoglobin was detected for pregnant women, lactating women and infants by using HemoCue analyzer. RESULTS The nutrient intakes of the pregnant women, lactating women and infants were averagely lower than that of the recommended levels. In these infants who received breast feeding, the least acceptability diet quality rate was 42.1%, and in other infants who didn't receive breast feeding, the rate was 25%. After intervention,anemia prevalence of pregnant women, lactating women and infants were significantly reduced compared with the base line levels at 2 survey time points(2014:pregnant women χ~2=26.27,lactating women χ~2=18.06,infants χ~2=44.46, 2015年:pregnant women χ~2=35.62,lactating women χ~2=25.05,infants χ~2=39.61;all P<0.001). CONCLUSION The nutrition intervention of whole covering could improve nutrition status of Kazak's pregnant women, lactating women and infants.
引文
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[5] RAJVI M, ALYSSA C P, XIZI S, et al.Efficacy of iron-supplement bars to reduce anemia in urban Indian women:a cluster-randamized controlled trial[J]. Am J Clin Nutr, 2017,105(3):746-757.
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[8] 徐娇,霍军生, 孙静,等.国内外6～24月龄婴幼儿辅食营养包干预研究[J].中国食品卫生杂志,2017,29(5):550-555.
[9] WHO. Infant and young child feeding: model chapter for textbooks for medical students and allied health professionals[M].Geneva:WHO,2009:22.
[2] SETH A, ANNA L, HARRIET O, et al. Small-quantity, lipid-based nutrient supplements provided to women during pregnancy and 6 mo postpartum and to their infants from 6 mo of age increase the mean attaind length of 18-mo-old children in semi-unban Ghana:a randomized controlled trial[J]. Am J Clin Nutr, 2016,104(3):797-808.
[3] THOMAS H B. Iron requirements in pregnancy and strategies to meet them[J]. Am J Clin Nutr, 2000,72(1):257S-264S.
[4] 陈春明,陈君石.婴幼儿辅食营养补充品技术指南[M].北京:中国标准出版社,2015:4.
[5] RAJVI M, ALYSSA C P, XIZI S, et al.Efficacy of iron-supplement bars to reduce anemia in urban Indian women:a cluster-randamized controlled trial[J]. Am J Clin Nutr, 2017,105(3):746-757.
[6] PER A, LOTTA A, ULLA A, et al. The impact of lipid-based nutrient supplement provision to pregnant women on newborn size in rural Malawi:a randomized controlled trial[J]. Am J Clin Nutr, 2015,101(2):387-397.
[7] 徐娇,霍军生, 孙静,等.国内外贫困地区6-24月龄婴幼儿营养状况研究[J].中国食品卫生杂志,2017,29(4):427-433.
[8] 徐娇,霍军生, 孙静,等.国内外6～24月龄婴幼儿辅食营养包干预研究[J].中国食品卫生杂志,2017,29(5):550-555.
[9] WHO. Infant and young child feeding: model chapter for textbooks for medical students and allied health professionals[M].Geneva:WHO,2009:22.