不同追肥时期和追肥量对晚播冬小麦籽粒产量及产量构成因素的影响
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摘要
以晋太182冬小麦为试材,设置2个追肥时期(起身期、拔节期)和5个追肥量(0,75,150,225,300 kg/hm~2),研究不同追肥时期、不同追肥量对晚播冬小麦籽粒产量及产量构成因素的影响。结果表明,在追肥量水平相同时,起身期和拔节期追肥都有利于冬小麦籽粒产量提高。在同一追肥时期,追肥可改善小麦穗部性状,在0～300 kg/hm~2的追肥范围内,随着追肥量的增加冬小麦的穗粒质量、穗质量、穗粒数和千粒质量均增加,并且追肥量越多晚播冬小麦的产量越高;追肥量为0 kg/hm~2时,产量最低,为5 227.78 kg/hm~2;追肥量为300 kg/hm~2时,产量最高,达到6 244.44 kg/hm~2,与不追肥处理相比增产19.4%。追肥时期和追肥量互作对晚播冬小麦产量的影响表现为起身期不追肥产量最低,为5 166.67 kg/hm~2;起身期追施300 kg/hm~2产量最高,为6 288.89 kg/hm~2,与不追肥处理相比增产21.7%,与拔节期追施300 kg/hm~2相比增产1.4%。在0～300 kg/hm~2的追肥范围内,起身期和拔节期追肥均可提高晚播冬小麦的产量,其表现为随着追肥量的增加呈逐渐上升的趋势,最适施肥方式为起身期追施300 kg/hm~2尿素。
To study the effects of different topdressing stages and amounts on grain yield and yield components of late sowing winter wheat, in this paper, Jintai 182 winter wheat was used as the test material. There were two topdressing periods(standing stage, jointing stage)and five topdressing amounts(0,75, 150, 225, 300 kg/hm~2). The result showed that at the same rate of topdressing, both at the standing stage and at the jointing stage, the grain yield of winter wheat increased. Under the same condition of topdressing stage,topdressing was beneficial to the development of wheat ear. In the range of 0-300 kg/hm~2, the grain quality per ear, ear quality, number of grains per spike and 1 000-grain quality of winter wheat increased with the increase of topdressing amount. When topdressing amount was 0 kg/hm~2, the yield was the lowest, which was 5 227.78 kg/hm~2. When the topdressing amounts was 300 kg/hm~2, the yield reached the highest level, which was 6 244.44 kg/hm~2, compared with 0 kg/hm~2 of topdressing, the yield increased 19.4%. The effect of topdressing time and amount on the yield of late sowing winter wheat was as follows: the yield of no topdressing at the standing stage was the lowest,which was 5 166.67 kg/hm~2. At the standing stage, the yield of topdressing 300 kg/hm~2 was the highest, which was 6 288.89 kg/hm~2,compared with 0 kg/hm~2 of topdressing, the yield increased 21.7%. A yield of 1.4% was higher than that of topdressing 300 kg/hm~2 at jointing stage. Within the range of 0-300 kg/hm~2 topdressing, the yields of late sowing winter wheat at standing stage and jointing stage increase, and with the increase of topdressing amount, the trend is gradually rising. The optimum topdressing method is 300 kg/hm~2 urea at the standing stage.
To study the effects of different topdressing stages and amounts on grain yield and yield components of late sowing winter wheat, in this paper, Jintai 182 winter wheat was used as the test material. There were two topdressing periods(standing stage, jointing stage)and five topdressing amounts(0,75, 150, 225, 300 kg/hm~2). The result showed that at the same rate of topdressing, both at the standing stage and at the jointing stage, the grain yield of winter wheat increased. Under the same condition of topdressing stage,topdressing was beneficial to the development of wheat ear. In the range of 0-300 kg/hm~2, the grain quality per ear, ear quality, number of grains per spike and 1 000-grain quality of winter wheat increased with the increase of topdressing amount. When topdressing amount was 0 kg/hm~2, the yield was the lowest, which was 5 227.78 kg/hm~2. When the topdressing amounts was 300 kg/hm~2, the yield reached the highest level, which was 6 244.44 kg/hm~2, compared with 0 kg/hm~2 of topdressing, the yield increased 19.4%. The effect of topdressing time and amount on the yield of late sowing winter wheat was as follows: the yield of no topdressing at the standing stage was the lowest,which was 5 166.67 kg/hm~2. At the standing stage, the yield of topdressing 300 kg/hm~2 was the highest, which was 6 288.89 kg/hm~2,compared with 0 kg/hm~2 of topdressing, the yield increased 21.7%. A yield of 1.4% was higher than that of topdressing 300 kg/hm~2 at jointing stage. Within the range of 0-300 kg/hm~2 topdressing, the yields of late sowing winter wheat at standing stage and jointing stage increase, and with the increase of topdressing amount, the trend is gradually rising. The optimum topdressing method is 300 kg/hm~2 urea at the standing stage.
引文
[1]周雅清,李进华,朱临洪.气象因子变化对晋中农业的影响:晋中地区气候年代变化特点分析[J].山西气象,2000(2):29-31.
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[3]张振,于振文,张永丽,等.氮肥基追比例对测墒补灌小麦植株氮素利用及土壤氮素表观盈亏的影响[J].水土保持学报,2018,32(5):240-245.
[4]孟维伟,张正,徐杰,等.不同施氮量对玉米花生间作下茬小麦干物质积累及产量构成的影响[J].华北农学报,2018,33(4):175-180.
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[6]郭明明,赵广才,郭文善,等.追氮时期和施钾量对小麦氮素吸收运转的调控[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2016,22(3):590-597.
[7]吴金华,张西平,程瑞婷.不同生育时期追氮与多效唑化控对小麦品质和产量的影响[J].河北农业大学学报,2014,37(2):8-11.
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[9]杜世州,曹承富,张耀兰,等.淮北地区小麦超高产栽培适宜追氮时期研究[J].麦类作物学报,2010,30(2):337-341,352.
[10]吴安昌,黄正来,吴延华.追氮时期对不同小麦品种光合特性和产量的影响[J].麦类作物学报,2010,30(2):342-345.
[11]周奇,赵永敢,张存岭.氮肥基追比和追肥时期对小麦产量的影响[J].安徽农学通报(上半月刊),2009,15(3):92-95,113.
[12]蔡大同,王义炳,茆泽圣,等.不同生态条件下播期和氮肥对优质小麦产量和品质性状的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,1994(1):74-83.
[13]杨延兵,高荣岐,尹燕枰,等.不同品质类型冬小麦籽粒产量和品质性状对氮肥的响应[J].麦类作物学报,2004,24(2):97-102.
[14]李友军,付国占,刘丰明,等.拔节期重施氮肥对小麦群体质量和产量的影响[J].麦类作物学报,1997,17(5):43-47.
[15]张炳勇,崔日鲜.氮肥运筹对冬小麦光合特性和产量的影响[J].青岛农业大学学报(自然科学版),2010,27(3):195-199,204.
[16]胡文静,刘业宇,李东升,等.晚播条件下密度和施氮量对小麦产量及其构成因素的调控[J].金陵科技学院学报,2017,33(3):46-50.
[17]席晋飞,杨珍平,张定宇,等.肥密运筹对晋中晚播小麦籽粒产量及品质的影响[J].山西农业大学学报(自然科学版),2012,32(2):112-117.
[18]刘建华,牛俊义,闫志利.肥密水平对不同基因型冬小麦籽粒灌浆特性的影响[J].中国生态农业学报,2009,17(4):656-660.
[19]雷钧杰,宋敏.播种期与播种密度对小麦产量和品质影响的研究进展[J].新疆农业科学,2007(Z3):138-141.
[20]谢迎新,谢旭东,白雪莹,等.氮肥施用对豫南稻茬小麦群体质量指标及产量的影响[J].华北农学报,2017,32(1):165-170.
[21]张玉春,杨敏,周齐齐,等.不同氮肥用量条件下花后遮光对冬小麦干物质和氮素积累与转运的影响[J].华北农学报,2018,33(3):203-209.
[22]席吉龙,王珂,杨娜,等.施氮量对晋麦84号产量及土壤硝态氮、铵态氮的影响[J].山西农业科学,2018,46(10):1663-1667.
[2]赵满兴,周建斌,杨绒,等.不同施氮量对旱地不同品种冬小麦氮素累积、运输和分配的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2006,12(2):143-149.
[3]张振,于振文,张永丽,等.氮肥基追比例对测墒补灌小麦植株氮素利用及土壤氮素表观盈亏的影响[J].水土保持学报,2018,32(5):240-245.
[4]孟维伟,张正,徐杰,等.不同施氮量对玉米花生间作下茬小麦干物质积累及产量构成的影响[J].华北农学报,2018,33(4):175-180.
[5]李廷亮,谢英荷,洪坚平.施氮量对晋南旱地冬小麦光合特性、产量及氮素利用的影响[J].作物学报,2013,39(4):704-711.
[6]郭明明,赵广才,郭文善,等.追氮时期和施钾量对小麦氮素吸收运转的调控[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2016,22(3):590-597.
[7]吴金华,张西平,程瑞婷.不同生育时期追氮与多效唑化控对小麦品质和产量的影响[J].河北农业大学学报,2014,37(2):8-11.
[8]曹丽.追氮时期对小麦籽粒产量和谷蛋白积累的调控效应[D].泰安:山东农业大学,2012.
[9]杜世州,曹承富,张耀兰,等.淮北地区小麦超高产栽培适宜追氮时期研究[J].麦类作物学报,2010,30(2):337-341,352.
[10]吴安昌,黄正来,吴延华.追氮时期对不同小麦品种光合特性和产量的影响[J].麦类作物学报,2010,30(2):342-345.
[11]周奇,赵永敢,张存岭.氮肥基追比和追肥时期对小麦产量的影响[J].安徽农学通报(上半月刊),2009,15(3):92-95,113.
[12]蔡大同,王义炳,茆泽圣,等.不同生态条件下播期和氮肥对优质小麦产量和品质性状的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,1994(1):74-83.
[13]杨延兵,高荣岐,尹燕枰,等.不同品质类型冬小麦籽粒产量和品质性状对氮肥的响应[J].麦类作物学报,2004,24(2):97-102.
[14]李友军,付国占,刘丰明,等.拔节期重施氮肥对小麦群体质量和产量的影响[J].麦类作物学报,1997,17(5):43-47.
[15]张炳勇,崔日鲜.氮肥运筹对冬小麦光合特性和产量的影响[J].青岛农业大学学报(自然科学版),2010,27(3):195-199,204.
[16]胡文静,刘业宇,李东升,等.晚播条件下密度和施氮量对小麦产量及其构成因素的调控[J].金陵科技学院学报,2017,33(3):46-50.
[17]席晋飞,杨珍平,张定宇,等.肥密运筹对晋中晚播小麦籽粒产量及品质的影响[J].山西农业大学学报(自然科学版),2012,32(2):112-117.
[18]刘建华,牛俊义,闫志利.肥密水平对不同基因型冬小麦籽粒灌浆特性的影响[J].中国生态农业学报,2009,17(4):656-660.
[19]雷钧杰,宋敏.播种期与播种密度对小麦产量和品质影响的研究进展[J].新疆农业科学,2007(Z3):138-141.
[20]谢迎新,谢旭东,白雪莹,等.氮肥施用对豫南稻茬小麦群体质量指标及产量的影响[J].华北农学报,2017,32(1):165-170.
[21]张玉春,杨敏,周齐齐,等.不同氮肥用量条件下花后遮光对冬小麦干物质和氮素积累与转运的影响[J].华北农学报,2018,33(3):203-209.
[22]席吉龙,王珂,杨娜,等.施氮量对晋麦84号产量及土壤硝态氮、铵态氮的影响[J].山西农业科学,2018,46(10):1663-1667.