浑河沈抚段多环芳烃的污染特征及风险评价
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摘要
为了研究沈抚新城城镇化建设进程中,浑河流域沈抚段河水和沉积物中多环芳烃(PAHs)的污染变化规律,于2015～2017年对17个点位进行样品采集,对16种USEPA优先控制PAHs进行分析,并对其污染特征、来源及风险进行调查和评估.结果表明,河水和沉积物中∑_(16)PAHs含量范围分别为15.64～2100.58ng/L,95.19～8444.21ng/g,均值分别呈现平水期>枯水期>丰水期、平水期≈丰水期>枯水期的季节特点.利用同分异构体比值法和主成分分析法对PAHs的污染来源进行解析,得出河水和沉积物中PAHs的主要来源都是燃烧源和交通源,但河水中PAHs的来源较沉积物中更为复杂,增加了石油源的输入和大气沉降的影响.风险熵值法和终生癌症风险增量模型表明河水和沉积物均存在中高等生态风险,河水整体处于较低的癌症风险水平.
In order to study the pollution change law of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs) of Shen-Fu section of the Hun river basin during the process of urbanization, river water and sediments samples at 17 points were collected from 2015 to 2017, and concentrations of 16 PAHs in the US EPA priority control list were analyzed. The results showed that the concentrations of ∑16PAHs in river water and sediments were in the range of 15.64～2100.58 ng/L and 95.19～8444.21 ng/g, respectively. The average value in river water and sediments indicated that seasonal characteristics were flat > dry > high water period and flat≈high > dry water period,separately. Based on isomer ratios and principal component analysis, PAHs in river water and sediments had similar major sources:combustion and vehicle emissions. Meanwhile, the sources of PAHs in river water were more complex as it had additional inputs from oil sources and atmospheric deposition. The risk quotient method and the incremental lifetime cancer risk model showed that there were medium and high ecological risks of river water and sediments, and the river water was at a relatively low cancer risk level.
In order to study the pollution change law of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs) of Shen-Fu section of the Hun river basin during the process of urbanization, river water and sediments samples at 17 points were collected from 2015 to 2017, and concentrations of 16 PAHs in the US EPA priority control list were analyzed. The results showed that the concentrations of ∑16PAHs in river water and sediments were in the range of 15.64～2100.58 ng/L and 95.19～8444.21 ng/g, respectively. The average value in river water and sediments indicated that seasonal characteristics were flat > dry > high water period and flat≈high > dry water period,separately. Based on isomer ratios and principal component analysis, PAHs in river water and sediments had similar major sources:combustion and vehicle emissions. Meanwhile, the sources of PAHs in river water were more complex as it had additional inputs from oil sources and atmospheric deposition. The risk quotient method and the incremental lifetime cancer risk model showed that there were medium and high ecological risks of river water and sediments, and the river water was at a relatively low cancer risk level.
引文
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[19]唐纳德·麦凯著,黄国兰,等译.环境多介质模型:逸度方法[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2007:52-67.Donald M,Huang G L,et al.Multimedia environmental models:The fugacity approach[M].Beijing:Chemical Industry Press,2007:52-67.
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[21]崔嵩,付强,李天霄,等.松花江干流PAHs的底泥-水交换行为及时空异质性[J].环境科学研究,2016,29(4):509-515.Cui S,Fu Q,Li T X,et al.Sediment-water exchange and spatialtemporal heterogeneity of PAHs in Songhua River[J].Research of Environmental Sciences,2016,29(4):509-515.
[22]陈素暖,何江涛,金爱芳,等.多环芳烃在不同灌区土壤剖面的分布特征研究[J].环境科学与技术,2010,33(10):10-14.Chen S N,He J T,Jin A F,et al.Distribution characteristics of PAHSin soil profiles of different irrigation areas[J].Environmental Science&Technology,2010,33(10):10-14.
[23]张天彬,万洪富,周健民,等.深圳表层土壤中多环芳烃的污染特征及来源[J].生态环境,2008,17(3):1032-1036.Zhang T B,Wan H F,Zhou J M,et al.Distribution and source of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs)in topsoil of Shenzhen[J].Ecology and Environment,2008,17(3):1032-1036.
[24]Yunker M B,Macdonald R W,Vingazan R,et al.PAHs in the Fraser River basin:a critical appraisal of PAH ratios as indicators of PAHsource and composition[J].Organic Geochemistry,2002,33(4):489-515.
[25]张娇,张龙军,宫敏娜.黄河口及近海表层沉积物中烃类化合物的组成和分布[J].海洋学报(中文版),2010,32(3):23-30.Zhang J,Zhang L J,Gong M N.The distribution of hydrocarbons in the surface sediments from the Yellow River estuary and adjacent area[J].Acta Oceanologica Sinica(Chinese version),2010,32(3):23-30.
[26]王成龙,邹欣庆,赵一飞,等.基于PMF模型的长江流域水体中多环芳烃来源解析及生态风险评价[J].环境科学,2016,37(10):3789-3797.Wang C L,Zou X Q,Zhao Y F,et al.Source apportionment and ecological risk assessment of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in Surface Water from Yangtze River,China:Based on PMF model[J].Environmental Science,2016,37(10):3789-3797.
[27]Kwon H O,Choi S D.Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs)in soils from a multi-industrial city,South Korea[J].Science of the Total Environment,2014,470-471:1494-1501.
[28]Wang C,Wu S,Zhou S L,et al.Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in soils from urban to rural areas in Nanjing:Concentration,source,spatial distribution,and potential human health risk[J].Science of the Total Environment,2015,527-528:375-383.
[29]Kalf D F,Crommentuijn T,Plassche E J.Environmental quality objectives for 10 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs)[J].Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety,1997,36(1):89-97.
[30]Cao Z,Liu J,Luan Y,et al.Distribution and ecosystem risk assessment of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the Luan River,China[J].Ecotoxicology,2010,19(5):827-837.
[31]Yu B,Xie X,Ma L Q,et al.Source,distribution,and health risk assessment of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in urban street dust from Tianjin,China[J].Environmental Science and Pollution Research,2014,21(4):2817-2825.
[32]Peng C,Chen W,Liao X,et al.Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in urban soils of Beijing:Status,sources,distribution and potential risk[J].Environmental Pollution,2011,159(3):802-808.
[2]倪进治,陈卫锋,杨红玉,等.福州市不同功能区土壤中多环芳烃的含量及其源解析[J].中国环境科学,2012,32(5):921-926.Ni J Z,Chen W F,Yang H Y,et al.Concentrations and sources of soil PAHs in various functional zones of Fuzhou City[J].China Environmental Science,2012,32(5):921-926.
[3]Mai B,Qi S,Zeng E Y,et al.Distribution of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the coastal region of Macao,China:Assessment of input sources and transport pathways using compositional analysis[J].Environmental Science&Technology,2003,37(21):4855-4863.
[4]Su M C,Christensen E R,Karls J F,et al.Apportionment of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon sources in lower Fox River,USA,sediments by a chemical mass balance model[J].Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry,2000,19(6):1481-1490.
[5]马万里,刘丽艳,齐虹,等.松花江水环境中多环芳烃的污染及致癌风险[J].哈尔滨工业大学学报,2014,46(6):44-49.Ma W L,Liu L Y,Qi H,et al.Pollution and cancer risk of PAHs in water environment of the Songhua River,China[J].Journal of Harbin Institute of Technology,2014,46(6):44-49.
[6]Zheng B,Wang L,Lei K,et al.Distribution and ecological risk assessment of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in water,suspended particulate matter and sediment from Daliao River estuary and the adjacent area,China[J].Chemosphere,2016,149:91-100.
[7]傅金祥,单敬敬,袁雅姝,等.浑河流域沈抚段氮素污染综合溯源研究[J].环境科学学报,2018,38(7):2560-2567.Fu J X,Shan J J,Yuan Y S,et al.Tracing to the sources of nitrogenous pollutants in Shenyang-Fushun section of Hun River Basin[J].Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae,2018,38(7):2560-2567.
[8]刘强,陈琳,周霄.MIKE11HD模型在浑河流域沈抚段区域的应用[J].科技展望,2015,25(29):64-65.Liu Q,Chen L,Zhou X.Application of MIKE11HD Model of ShenFu Section of the Hun River Basin[J].Technology Overlook,2015,25(29):64-65.
[9]张旭.黄河流域不同季节水相、沉积物和土壤中多环芳烃分布、来源和风险评价[D].北京:北京交通大学,2017.Zhang X.Distribution,sources and risk assessment of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in water,sediment and soil in different seasons of the Yellow River Basin[D].Beijing:Beijing Jiaotong University,2017.
[10]王辉,孙丽娜,刘哲,等.大辽河地表水中多环芳烃的污染水平及致癌风险评价[J].生态毒理学报,2015,10(4):187-194.Wang H,Sun L N,Liu Z,et a1.Pollution level and probabilistic cancer risk assessment of PAHs in surface water of Daliao River[J].Asian Journal of Ecotoxicology,2015,10(4):187-194.
[11]Rodrigo S V,William O D,Martha P,et al.Presence of PAHs in water and sediments of the Colombian Cauca River during heavy rain episodes,and implications for risk assessment[J].Science of the Total Environment,2016,540:455-465.
[12]Omar A M,Mahmoud H M.Risk assessment of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs)in River Nile up-and downstream of a densely populated area[J].Environmental Letters,2017,52(2):166-173.
[13]李琴.鄱阳湖生态经济区典型城市多介质中PAHs分布特征及风险[D].南昌:南昌大学,2016.Li Q.Multi-media distribution and risks of PAHs in the typical City of Poyang Lake ecological economic zone[D].Nanchang:Nanchang University,2016.
[14]许静,任明忠,杜国勇,等.北江表层沉积物中多环芳烃的分布与风险评价[J].环境科学,2009,30(11):3269-3275.Xu J,Ren M J,Du G Y.Content analysis and asessment of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in surface sediments from Beijiang River[J].Environmental Science,2009,30(11):3269-3275.
[15]Bertrand O,Mondamert L,Grosbois C,et al.Storage and source of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in sediments downstream of a major coal district in France[J].Environmental Pollution,2015,207(3):329-340.
[16]吕佳佩.辽河水环境中典型持久性有机污染物的污染特征研究[D].北京:中国环境科学研究院,2015.Lu J P.Pollution characteristics of representative persistent organic pollutants in the aquatic environment of Liaohe River[D].Beijing:Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences,2015.
[17]刘炎坤.上海市大气沉降物及PM2.5中多环芳烃的污染特征及溯源研究[D].上海:华东师范大学,2016.Liu Y K.Pollution characteristics and sources of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in atmospheric deposition and PM2.5 of Shanghai[D].Shanghai:East China Normal University,2016.
[18]徐洁.上海快速城市化进程对多环芳烃湖泊沉积演变的影响研究[D].上海:华东师范大学,2017.Xu J.Study on the effect of Shanghai rapid urbanization on sediment evolution of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons[D].Shanghai:East China Normal University,2017.
[19]唐纳德·麦凯著,黄国兰,等译.环境多介质模型:逸度方法[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2007:52-67.Donald M,Huang G L,et al.Multimedia environmental models:The fugacity approach[M].Beijing:Chemical Industry Press,2007:52-67.
[20]徐红,汪青,华德武,等.芜湖市沉积物-水体PAHs扩散行为研究[J].中国环境科学,2018,38(8):3094-3103.Xu H,Wang Q,Hua D W,et al.Sediment-water diffusion of PAHs in Wuhu city,China[J].China Environmental Science,2018,38(8):3094-3103.
[21]崔嵩,付强,李天霄,等.松花江干流PAHs的底泥-水交换行为及时空异质性[J].环境科学研究,2016,29(4):509-515.Cui S,Fu Q,Li T X,et al.Sediment-water exchange and spatialtemporal heterogeneity of PAHs in Songhua River[J].Research of Environmental Sciences,2016,29(4):509-515.
[22]陈素暖,何江涛,金爱芳,等.多环芳烃在不同灌区土壤剖面的分布特征研究[J].环境科学与技术,2010,33(10):10-14.Chen S N,He J T,Jin A F,et al.Distribution characteristics of PAHSin soil profiles of different irrigation areas[J].Environmental Science&Technology,2010,33(10):10-14.
[23]张天彬,万洪富,周健民,等.深圳表层土壤中多环芳烃的污染特征及来源[J].生态环境,2008,17(3):1032-1036.Zhang T B,Wan H F,Zhou J M,et al.Distribution and source of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs)in topsoil of Shenzhen[J].Ecology and Environment,2008,17(3):1032-1036.
[24]Yunker M B,Macdonald R W,Vingazan R,et al.PAHs in the Fraser River basin:a critical appraisal of PAH ratios as indicators of PAHsource and composition[J].Organic Geochemistry,2002,33(4):489-515.
[25]张娇,张龙军,宫敏娜.黄河口及近海表层沉积物中烃类化合物的组成和分布[J].海洋学报(中文版),2010,32(3):23-30.Zhang J,Zhang L J,Gong M N.The distribution of hydrocarbons in the surface sediments from the Yellow River estuary and adjacent area[J].Acta Oceanologica Sinica(Chinese version),2010,32(3):23-30.
[26]王成龙,邹欣庆,赵一飞,等.基于PMF模型的长江流域水体中多环芳烃来源解析及生态风险评价[J].环境科学,2016,37(10):3789-3797.Wang C L,Zou X Q,Zhao Y F,et al.Source apportionment and ecological risk assessment of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in Surface Water from Yangtze River,China:Based on PMF model[J].Environmental Science,2016,37(10):3789-3797.
[27]Kwon H O,Choi S D.Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs)in soils from a multi-industrial city,South Korea[J].Science of the Total Environment,2014,470-471:1494-1501.
[28]Wang C,Wu S,Zhou S L,et al.Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in soils from urban to rural areas in Nanjing:Concentration,source,spatial distribution,and potential human health risk[J].Science of the Total Environment,2015,527-528:375-383.
[29]Kalf D F,Crommentuijn T,Plassche E J.Environmental quality objectives for 10 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs)[J].Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety,1997,36(1):89-97.
[30]Cao Z,Liu J,Luan Y,et al.Distribution and ecosystem risk assessment of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the Luan River,China[J].Ecotoxicology,2010,19(5):827-837.
[31]Yu B,Xie X,Ma L Q,et al.Source,distribution,and health risk assessment of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in urban street dust from Tianjin,China[J].Environmental Science and Pollution Research,2014,21(4):2817-2825.
[32]Peng C,Chen W,Liao X,et al.Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in urban soils of Beijing:Status,sources,distribution and potential risk[J].Environmental Pollution,2011,159(3):802-808.