饲喂能源——甜高粱青贮
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摘要
饲用型甜高粱(青贮)具有抗旱、耐盐碱、耐瘠薄等特性,其生物产量高,水分利用效率好;将其加工成青贮饲料后品质与玉米青贮相当(或更优),可以搭配玉米青贮等其他草料饲喂奶牛,提高适口性,增加奶牛产奶量。培育甜高粱不仅可以解决饲草不足的问题,还能合理利用贫瘠土地资源,为农民带来经济效益。本文对饲用型甜高梁的生物学特性、饲喂价值进行了详细阐述,以期为甜高粱在我国不同地区的推广种植提供一定的依据和参考。
This topic deals with "silage": the effects of milk yield and quality of cows after feeding corn silage,sweet sorghum silage or mixed grain, combined with the rapidly development of dairy cow breeding industry in China,the application of silage feeding in dairy farming and the high cost of raising dairy cows, and so forth.It is concluded that:(1) Forage type sweet sorghum(silage) has high yield,WUE(water use efficiency),and has the characteristics of drought resistance, waterlogging resistance, salt-alkali resistance and barren resistance;(2)The quality of sweet sorghum silage feed, is equivalent to or better than corn(silage), and it can be used with other grasses such as corn silage to feed cows, improved the palatability and increased milk yield of Holstein cows.Cultivation of sweet sorghum can not only solve the problem of insufficient forage grass, but also rationally utilize barren land resources and bring economic benefits to farmers. Therefore, it is hoped for further silage feeding that provides the certain basis and reference for the promotion and planting of sweet sorghum in different regions of China.
This topic deals with "silage": the effects of milk yield and quality of cows after feeding corn silage,sweet sorghum silage or mixed grain, combined with the rapidly development of dairy cow breeding industry in China,the application of silage feeding in dairy farming and the high cost of raising dairy cows, and so forth.It is concluded that:(1) Forage type sweet sorghum(silage) has high yield,WUE(water use efficiency),and has the characteristics of drought resistance, waterlogging resistance, salt-alkali resistance and barren resistance;(2)The quality of sweet sorghum silage feed, is equivalent to or better than corn(silage), and it can be used with other grasses such as corn silage to feed cows, improved the palatability and increased milk yield of Holstein cows.Cultivation of sweet sorghum can not only solve the problem of insufficient forage grass, but also rationally utilize barren land resources and bring economic benefits to farmers. Therefore, it is hoped for further silage feeding that provides the certain basis and reference for the promotion and planting of sweet sorghum in different regions of China.
引文
[1]http://www.stats.gov.cn/.
[2]赵文哲,钱贵霞.奶牛规模化养殖的可持续性评价[J].中国人口·资源与环境, 2013, 23(159):435-438.
[3]王勇刚.青贮饲料在奶牛养殖中的应用及注意事项[J].现代畜牧科技, 2017:50-50.
[4]戴忠民,高凤菊,王友平,等.青贮玉米的育种及发展趋势[J].玉米科学, 2004, 12:9-11.
[5]陈柔屹.饲用玉米饲用品质及区域适应性分析[J].贵州农业科学. 2010, 38:10-12.
[6]刘希锋,曾庆辉,余涛.青贮玉米加工技术的研究与应用[J].农机化研究, 2007,1:38-40.
[7]刘春晓.青贮玉米利用价值及对奶牛产奶量的影响[J].草原与草业, 2004,1:4-5.
[8]李钢.混播对青贮玉米产量和品质的影响[J].草地学报, 2008,16:417-421.
[9]王俊红.中国奶牛养殖业现状及发展对策[J].科技致富向导,2011,1:7-8.
[10]卢庆善.甜高粱产业发展论坛[R].
[11]张彩霞,谢高地,李士美,等.中国能源作物甜高粱的空间适宜分布及乙醇生产潜力[J].生态学报, 2010, 30:4765-4770.
[12]Wu,X.etal.Featuresofsweetsorghumjuiceandtheir performance in ethanol fermentation[J]. Industrial Crops and Products, 2010, 31:164-170.
[13]刘晓辉,高士杰,杨明,等.浅谈甜高粱的利用价值[J].种子,2006, 25:98-99.
[14]Sun, X. Z., Minowa, T., Yamaguchi, K., Genchi, Y. Evaluation of energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions from poly(phenyllactic acid)production using sweet sorghum[J]. Journal of Cleaner Production, 2015, 87:208-215.
[15]孙清,敖永华,葛雯,等.甜高粱茎秆残渣生产蛋白饲料的研究[J].中国农业科学, 2001, 34:61-65.
[16]宾力,潘琦.甜高粱的研究和利用[J].中国糖料, 2008,4:58-61.
[17]Yu,J.,Zhang,T.,Zhong,J.,Zhang,etal.Biorefineryof sweetsorghumstem[J].BiotechnologyAdvances,2012,30:811-816.
[18]李春宏,张培通,郭文琦,等.甜高粱青贮饲料研究与利用现状及展望[J].江苏农业科学, 2014, 42:150-152.
[19]王艳秋.甜高粱的用途及其发展前景[J].园艺与种,2004,24:55-56.
[20]王建,赵健康,赵芳,等.日本饲用高粱青贮前后与玉米青贮的营养成分比较[J].黑龙江畜牧兽医, 2017,18:195-196.
[21]Danner, H., Holzer, M., Mayrhuber, E., et al. Acetic acid increases stability of silage under aerobic conditions[J]. Appl Environ Microbiol, 2003,69:562-567.
[22]马燕芬.影响奶牛产奶量的因素[J].中国奶牛, 2007:20-22.
[23]李春喜.青贮甜高粱与青贮玉米饲喂奶牛、羊及奶品质的比较研究[J].青海农林科技, 2014,2:8-11.
[24]王占锁,李波,李建峰,等.甜高粱青贮与玉米秸秆青贮喂奶牛对比试验[J].中国牛业科学, 2004, 30:23-24.
[25]柴庆伟.利用甜高粱秸秆榨汁后的皮渣替代玉米秸秆制取青贮饲料[D].石河子:石河子大学, 2010.
[26]李珊珊,李飞,白彦福,等.甜高粱饲用价值及饲喂奶牛技术[J].草业科学,2017, 34:1534-1541.
[27]方振华.两种不同类型的能量饲料对泌乳奶牛产奶性能及血液生化指标的影响[D].郑州:河南农业大学, 2008.
[28]邵丽玮,安永福,王晓芳,等.甜高粱的饲用价值及其在畜牧生产中的应用[J].养殖与饲料, 2016:42-45.
[29]Bahashwan, S. Effect of cold and hot seasons on fat, protein and lactose of Dhofari cow's milk[J]. Net Journal of Agricultural Science, 2014, 2:47-49.
[30]Li, N., Richoux, R., Boutinaud, M., et al. Erratum to:Role of somatic cells on dairy processes and products:a review[J]. Dairy Science and Technology, 2014, 94:517-538.
[31]Krishna, K. S. S., Suresh, K., Sreenu, M. et al. Prevalence of subclinical hypocalcaemia and subclinical ketosis in buffaloes[J].Buffalo Bulletin, 2014, 33:107-110.
[32]Podkówka, Z., Podkówka, L. Chemical composition and quality of sweet sorghum and maize silages[J]. Journal of Central European Agriculture, 2011,12(2):294-303.
[33]孙宝芳,孙丽荣,韩润英,等.全株青贮玉米与饲用高粱混贮在生产应用中的优势[J].饲料广角, 2015,4:36-37.
[34]柳茜,程晓,孙启忠,等.玉米与高粱混合青贮的研究[J].中国奶牛, 2016, 5:1-4.
[35]苟文龙,张新跃,李元华,等.多花黑麦草饲喂奶牛效果研究[J].草业科学, 2007, 24:72-75.
[36]王永慧.甜高粱和玉米青贮质量及其对奶牛的饲喂效果[J].安徽农业科学, 2015,15:127-128.
[37]李建平.不同饲用高粱品种的营养价值及其人工瘤胃降解动态的研究[D].晋中:山西农业大学, 2004.
[38]Ketterings, Q. M., Godwin, G., Cherney, J. H., et al. Potassium Management for Brown Midrib Sorghum × Suda ngrass as Replacement for Corn Silage in the North-eastern USA[J].Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science, 2010, 191:41-46.
[39]梁辛.饲用甜高粱饲喂青年奶水牛增质量的试验[J].饲料研究,2011,11:61-62.
[40]马涌,张福耀,赵威军,等.甜高粱育种思路探讨[J].山西农业科学, 2011,39(6):19-621.
[41]邹剑秋,王艳秋.我国甜高粱育种方向及高效育种技术[J].园艺与种苗, 2007, 27:403-404.
[42]侯晓静,沈益新,许能祥,等.不同添加物对稻草青贮品质及营养组成的影响[J].中国畜牧兽医文摘, 2012, 39:356-360.
[2]赵文哲,钱贵霞.奶牛规模化养殖的可持续性评价[J].中国人口·资源与环境, 2013, 23(159):435-438.
[3]王勇刚.青贮饲料在奶牛养殖中的应用及注意事项[J].现代畜牧科技, 2017:50-50.
[4]戴忠民,高凤菊,王友平,等.青贮玉米的育种及发展趋势[J].玉米科学, 2004, 12:9-11.
[5]陈柔屹.饲用玉米饲用品质及区域适应性分析[J].贵州农业科学. 2010, 38:10-12.
[6]刘希锋,曾庆辉,余涛.青贮玉米加工技术的研究与应用[J].农机化研究, 2007,1:38-40.
[7]刘春晓.青贮玉米利用价值及对奶牛产奶量的影响[J].草原与草业, 2004,1:4-5.
[8]李钢.混播对青贮玉米产量和品质的影响[J].草地学报, 2008,16:417-421.
[9]王俊红.中国奶牛养殖业现状及发展对策[J].科技致富向导,2011,1:7-8.
[10]卢庆善.甜高粱产业发展论坛[R].
[11]张彩霞,谢高地,李士美,等.中国能源作物甜高粱的空间适宜分布及乙醇生产潜力[J].生态学报, 2010, 30:4765-4770.
[12]Wu,X.etal.Featuresofsweetsorghumjuiceandtheir performance in ethanol fermentation[J]. Industrial Crops and Products, 2010, 31:164-170.
[13]刘晓辉,高士杰,杨明,等.浅谈甜高粱的利用价值[J].种子,2006, 25:98-99.
[14]Sun, X. Z., Minowa, T., Yamaguchi, K., Genchi, Y. Evaluation of energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions from poly(phenyllactic acid)production using sweet sorghum[J]. Journal of Cleaner Production, 2015, 87:208-215.
[15]孙清,敖永华,葛雯,等.甜高粱茎秆残渣生产蛋白饲料的研究[J].中国农业科学, 2001, 34:61-65.
[16]宾力,潘琦.甜高粱的研究和利用[J].中国糖料, 2008,4:58-61.
[17]Yu,J.,Zhang,T.,Zhong,J.,Zhang,etal.Biorefineryof sweetsorghumstem[J].BiotechnologyAdvances,2012,30:811-816.
[18]李春宏,张培通,郭文琦,等.甜高粱青贮饲料研究与利用现状及展望[J].江苏农业科学, 2014, 42:150-152.
[19]王艳秋.甜高粱的用途及其发展前景[J].园艺与种,2004,24:55-56.
[20]王建,赵健康,赵芳,等.日本饲用高粱青贮前后与玉米青贮的营养成分比较[J].黑龙江畜牧兽医, 2017,18:195-196.
[21]Danner, H., Holzer, M., Mayrhuber, E., et al. Acetic acid increases stability of silage under aerobic conditions[J]. Appl Environ Microbiol, 2003,69:562-567.
[22]马燕芬.影响奶牛产奶量的因素[J].中国奶牛, 2007:20-22.
[23]李春喜.青贮甜高粱与青贮玉米饲喂奶牛、羊及奶品质的比较研究[J].青海农林科技, 2014,2:8-11.
[24]王占锁,李波,李建峰,等.甜高粱青贮与玉米秸秆青贮喂奶牛对比试验[J].中国牛业科学, 2004, 30:23-24.
[25]柴庆伟.利用甜高粱秸秆榨汁后的皮渣替代玉米秸秆制取青贮饲料[D].石河子:石河子大学, 2010.
[26]李珊珊,李飞,白彦福,等.甜高粱饲用价值及饲喂奶牛技术[J].草业科学,2017, 34:1534-1541.
[27]方振华.两种不同类型的能量饲料对泌乳奶牛产奶性能及血液生化指标的影响[D].郑州:河南农业大学, 2008.
[28]邵丽玮,安永福,王晓芳,等.甜高粱的饲用价值及其在畜牧生产中的应用[J].养殖与饲料, 2016:42-45.
[29]Bahashwan, S. Effect of cold and hot seasons on fat, protein and lactose of Dhofari cow's milk[J]. Net Journal of Agricultural Science, 2014, 2:47-49.
[30]Li, N., Richoux, R., Boutinaud, M., et al. Erratum to:Role of somatic cells on dairy processes and products:a review[J]. Dairy Science and Technology, 2014, 94:517-538.
[31]Krishna, K. S. S., Suresh, K., Sreenu, M. et al. Prevalence of subclinical hypocalcaemia and subclinical ketosis in buffaloes[J].Buffalo Bulletin, 2014, 33:107-110.
[32]Podkówka, Z., Podkówka, L. Chemical composition and quality of sweet sorghum and maize silages[J]. Journal of Central European Agriculture, 2011,12(2):294-303.
[33]孙宝芳,孙丽荣,韩润英,等.全株青贮玉米与饲用高粱混贮在生产应用中的优势[J].饲料广角, 2015,4:36-37.
[34]柳茜,程晓,孙启忠,等.玉米与高粱混合青贮的研究[J].中国奶牛, 2016, 5:1-4.
[35]苟文龙,张新跃,李元华,等.多花黑麦草饲喂奶牛效果研究[J].草业科学, 2007, 24:72-75.
[36]王永慧.甜高粱和玉米青贮质量及其对奶牛的饲喂效果[J].安徽农业科学, 2015,15:127-128.
[37]李建平.不同饲用高粱品种的营养价值及其人工瘤胃降解动态的研究[D].晋中:山西农业大学, 2004.
[38]Ketterings, Q. M., Godwin, G., Cherney, J. H., et al. Potassium Management for Brown Midrib Sorghum × Suda ngrass as Replacement for Corn Silage in the North-eastern USA[J].Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science, 2010, 191:41-46.
[39]梁辛.饲用甜高粱饲喂青年奶水牛增质量的试验[J].饲料研究,2011,11:61-62.
[40]马涌,张福耀,赵威军,等.甜高粱育种思路探讨[J].山西农业科学, 2011,39(6):19-621.
[41]邹剑秋,王艳秋.我国甜高粱育种方向及高效育种技术[J].园艺与种苗, 2007, 27:403-404.
[42]侯晓静,沈益新,许能祥,等.不同添加物对稻草青贮品质及营养组成的影响[J].中国畜牧兽医文摘, 2012, 39:356-360.