嘉陵江不同江段蛇鮈的食性分析
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摘要
2015年和2016年的10—11月,在嘉陵江上游(广元)、中游(蓬安)、下游(合川)采集210尾蛇鮈Saurogobio dabryi,采用传统镜检法对其食性进行研究。结果表明:嘉陵江蛇鮈属于杂食性鱼类,饵料生物包括5大类(79小类);聚类分析表明,出现率(F%)、数量百分比(N%)和相对重要性指数(IRI%)在衡量食物对嘉陵江蛇鮈的重要性方面表现一致,但基于质量百分比(W%)的食物重要性结果与前三者之间的差异有统计学意义。4种指数显示,上游和中游江段蛇鮈均以动物性饵料为主,为偏肉食性的杂食性鱼类,下游江段蛇鮈以藻类为主,为偏植食性的杂食性鱼类。选用W%对其食性进行不同江段之间比较,聚类分析表明中游与上游和下游存在显著差异(d> 0. 3); Schoener重叠指数比较显示,不同江段蛇鮈摄食的饵料生物存在空间差异(C_(xy)<0. 60)。研究认为蛇鮈的食性具有较强的地域性和可塑性,可能是对不同江段水生生态环境适应的结果。
The samples of stomach content of Saurogobio dabryi were collected at different reaches in Jialing River from October to November of 2015 and 2016,and the food composition was investigated based on the analysis of stomach contents. The results showed that S. dabryi was an omnivorous fish,and 5 broad diet categories( 79 small diet categories) were identified. Cluster analysis showed that the occurrence rate( F%),numerical percentage( N%) and percent index of relative importance( IRI%) were consistent in measuring the contribution of each food category to S. dabryi. However,there was a significant difference between the food importance results based on weight percentage( W%) and the top three. Based on the 4 indices determined above,the dominant composition of animal bait in the stomach content of S. dabryi from the upper and midstream indicated that S. dabryi was carnivorous omnivorous in these reaches. By constrast,S. dabryi from the downstream was found to be phytophagous omnivorous according to the dominant composition of algae in the stomach content. Comparison of W% among the S. dabryi from different reaches revealed significant differences between the food composition of the middle reaches with that of the upstream and downstream( d > 0. 3). The Schoener overlap index showed that the food composition of the fish varied between different reaches( C_(xy)< 0. 60). These results indicated that the feeding habits of S. dabryi had strong regionalism and plasticity,and this might provide an explanation for the adaptation of S. dabryi to different aquatic ecological environments.
The samples of stomach content of Saurogobio dabryi were collected at different reaches in Jialing River from October to November of 2015 and 2016,and the food composition was investigated based on the analysis of stomach contents. The results showed that S. dabryi was an omnivorous fish,and 5 broad diet categories( 79 small diet categories) were identified. Cluster analysis showed that the occurrence rate( F%),numerical percentage( N%) and percent index of relative importance( IRI%) were consistent in measuring the contribution of each food category to S. dabryi. However,there was a significant difference between the food importance results based on weight percentage( W%) and the top three. Based on the 4 indices determined above,the dominant composition of animal bait in the stomach content of S. dabryi from the upper and midstream indicated that S. dabryi was carnivorous omnivorous in these reaches. By constrast,S. dabryi from the downstream was found to be phytophagous omnivorous according to the dominant composition of algae in the stomach content. Comparison of W% among the S. dabryi from different reaches revealed significant differences between the food composition of the middle reaches with that of the upstream and downstream( d > 0. 3). The Schoener overlap index showed that the food composition of the fish varied between different reaches( C_(xy)< 0. 60). These results indicated that the feeding habits of S. dabryi had strong regionalism and plasticity,and this might provide an explanation for the adaptation of S. dabryi to different aquatic ecological environments.
引文
陈安慧.2014.鮈亚科鱼类的分子系统发育关系研究[D].上海:复旦大学.
陈大刚.1997.渔业资源生物学[M].北京:中国农业出版社.
陈颖涵.2013.北部湾主要鱼类食性的初步研究[D].厦门:厦门大学.
程炜轩.2006.自然水体唐鱼的栖息环境及其食性分析[D].广州:暨南大学.
丁淑荃,万全,李飞,等.2013.蛇鮈精子结构研究[J].安徽农业大学学报,40(6):959-963.
韩茂森,束蕴芳.1995.中国淡水生物图谱[M].北京:海洋出版社.
何学福,宋昭彬,谢恩义.1996.蛇鮈的产卵习性及胚胎发育[J].西南师范大学学报(自然科学版),(3):276-281.
洪巧巧.2012.长江口中国花鲈的食性及分子生物学在食性分析上的应用[D].上海:华东理工大学.
胡翠林,王圣瑞,过龙根,等.2014.洱海鲢、鳙的食物组成及与太湖新银鱼的食性重叠研究[J].水生生物学报,4:706-713.
胡月,曾燏,蒋朝明,等.2017.嘉陵江下游蛇鮈的两性异形与雌性个体生殖力[J].应用生态学报,28(2):658-664.
胡忠军,刘其根,陈立婧,等.2009.上海崇明明珠湖摇蚊幼虫群落结构特征及其对水质的指示作用[J].应用生态学报,20(4):929-936.
蒋朝明.2017.嘉陵江不同江段蛇鮈的生物学特征差异比较[D].南充:西华师范大学.
冷云,田树魁,刘跃天,等.2011.巨鮈食性的初步研究[J].现代农业科技,19:329-330.
李小兵.2016.赤水河蛇鮈属两种鱼类空间分布格局,生活史过程及种群历史动态研究[D].武汉:中国科学院大学.
李晓雪,刘伟,唐富江,等.2013.松花江哈尔滨段三种鮈亚科鱼类的食性与营养级分析[J].水产学杂志,26(3):29-33.
梁象秋.1996.水生生物学(形态与分类)[M].北京:中国农业出版社.
林植华,雷焕宗,陈利丽,等.2007.棒花鱼形态特征的两性异形和雌性个体生育力[J].四川动物,26(4):910-913.
刘其根,吴杰洋,颜克涛,等.2015.淀山湖光泽黄颡鱼食性研究[J].水产学报,39(6):859-866.
骆世明,彭少麟.1996.农业生态系统分析[M].广州:广东科技出版社.
梅杰,冉辉,樊均德,等.2016.贵州石阡河切尾拟鲿鱼食性研究[J].湖北农业科学,55(2):431-433.
母红霞,孙宝柱,曹文宣,等.2011.张氏的食性分析[J].水生生物学报,35(3):373-378.
彭艳,曾燏,张臣,等.2018.嘉陵江不同江段蛇鮈耳石形态特征及差异[J].水产学报,42(12):1896-1905.
沙永翠,张培育,张欢,等.2015.栖息地环境对种群营养生态位的影响---以黄颡鱼为例[J].生态学报,35(5):1321-1328.
孙儒泳.2002.基础生态学[M].北京:高等教育出版社.
万安,张晓可,谢枫,等.2016.低头坝养鱼对上下游局域栖息地和鱼类群落时空格局的影响[J].湖泊科学,28(1):178-186.
王娜.2008.脂肪酸等生物标志物在海洋食物网研究中的应用[D].上海:华东师范大学.
徐永福,伍远安,程小飞,等.2015.蛇鮈肌肉营养成分分析[J].安徽农业科学,43(11):149-150.
杨瑞斌,边书京,周洁,等.2004.梁子湖麦穗鱼食性的研究[J].华中农业大学学报,23(3):331-334.
杨学峰,谢从新,马宝珊,等.2011.拉萨裸裂尻鱼的食性[J].淡水渔业,41(4):40-44.
殷名称.1995.鱼类生态学[M].北京:中国农业出版社:64-83.
曾燏,周小云.2012.嘉陵江流域鱼类区系分析[J].华中农业大学学报,31(4):506-511.
曾燏.2012.嘉陵江干流鱼类群落生态结构分析[J].长江流域资源与环境,21(7):850-857.
张臣,曾燏,彭艳,等.2018.嘉陵江下游蛇鮈肠道形态结构及其异速生长模式[J].水产学报,42(4):503-512.
张缓缓.2016.嘉陵江中游蓬安段鱼类群落结构及重要经济鱼类种群生物学研究[D].南充:西华师范大学.
张堂林.2005.扁担塘鱼类生活史策略、营养特征及群落结构研究[D].武汉:中国科学院研究生院.
郑新庆,黄凌风,林荣澄.2014.环境饵料丰度的季节变化对筼筜湖3种大型底栖动物食性的影响---来自稳定同位素的证据[J].海洋学报,36(12):32-40.
周德勇.2011.太湖梅梁湾梅鲚的食性研究:胃含物和稳定同位素分析[D].武汉:华中农业大学.
邹淑珍.2011.赣江中游大型水利工程对鱼类及其生态环境的影响研究[D].南昌:南昌大学.
Arao K,Kanou K,Yokoo T.2010.Seasonal occurrence and food habit of introduced an alien fish Micropercops swinhonis(Odontobutidae)in the middle area of the Umeda River,central Honshu,Japan[J].Bulletin of the Biogeographical Society of Japan,65:43-49.
Boussou CK,Aliko GN,Konan MK,et al.2018.Feeding habits of the cichlid Chromidotilapia guntheri(Sauvage,1882)in some hydrosystems of Ivory Coast[J].Knowledge&Management of Aquatic Ecosystems,6(1):12.
Hynes HBN.1995.The food of fresh-water sticklebacks(Gasterosteus aculeatus and Pygosteus pungitius),with a review of methods used in studies of the food of fishes[J].Journal of Animal Ecology,19(1):36-58.
Kanaya G,Suzuki T,Kikuchi E.2011.Spatio-temporal variations in macrozoobenthic assemblage structures in a river-affected lagoon(Idoura Lagoon,Sendai Bay,Japan):influences of freshwater inflow[J].Estuarine Coastal&Shelf Science,92(1):169-179.
Martins RS,Perez JAA,Schettini CAF.2006.The squid Loligo plei around Santa Catarina Island,southern Brazil:ecology and interactions with the coastal oceanographic environment[J].Journal of Coastal Research,Special(39):1284-1289.
Schoener T.1970.Non-synchronous spatial overlap of lizards in patchy habits[J].Ecology,51(3):408-418.
Shaw M,Jenkins GP.1992.Spatial variation in feeding,prey distribution and food limitation of juvenile flounder Rhombosolea tapirina,Günther[J].Journal of Experimental Marine Biology&Ecology,165(1):1-21.
Zhang F,Liu F,Qin Q,et al.2018.Diet composition and trophic guild structure of fish assemblage in headwaters of the Chishui River,a tributary of the upper Yangtze River,China[J].Environmental Biology of Fishes,101(8):1235-1248.
陈大刚.1997.渔业资源生物学[M].北京:中国农业出版社.
陈颖涵.2013.北部湾主要鱼类食性的初步研究[D].厦门:厦门大学.
程炜轩.2006.自然水体唐鱼的栖息环境及其食性分析[D].广州:暨南大学.
丁淑荃,万全,李飞,等.2013.蛇鮈精子结构研究[J].安徽农业大学学报,40(6):959-963.
韩茂森,束蕴芳.1995.中国淡水生物图谱[M].北京:海洋出版社.
何学福,宋昭彬,谢恩义.1996.蛇鮈的产卵习性及胚胎发育[J].西南师范大学学报(自然科学版),(3):276-281.
洪巧巧.2012.长江口中国花鲈的食性及分子生物学在食性分析上的应用[D].上海:华东理工大学.
胡翠林,王圣瑞,过龙根,等.2014.洱海鲢、鳙的食物组成及与太湖新银鱼的食性重叠研究[J].水生生物学报,4:706-713.
胡月,曾燏,蒋朝明,等.2017.嘉陵江下游蛇鮈的两性异形与雌性个体生殖力[J].应用生态学报,28(2):658-664.
胡忠军,刘其根,陈立婧,等.2009.上海崇明明珠湖摇蚊幼虫群落结构特征及其对水质的指示作用[J].应用生态学报,20(4):929-936.
蒋朝明.2017.嘉陵江不同江段蛇鮈的生物学特征差异比较[D].南充:西华师范大学.
冷云,田树魁,刘跃天,等.2011.巨鮈食性的初步研究[J].现代农业科技,19:329-330.
李小兵.2016.赤水河蛇鮈属两种鱼类空间分布格局,生活史过程及种群历史动态研究[D].武汉:中国科学院大学.
李晓雪,刘伟,唐富江,等.2013.松花江哈尔滨段三种鮈亚科鱼类的食性与营养级分析[J].水产学杂志,26(3):29-33.
梁象秋.1996.水生生物学(形态与分类)[M].北京:中国农业出版社.
林植华,雷焕宗,陈利丽,等.2007.棒花鱼形态特征的两性异形和雌性个体生育力[J].四川动物,26(4):910-913.
刘其根,吴杰洋,颜克涛,等.2015.淀山湖光泽黄颡鱼食性研究[J].水产学报,39(6):859-866.
骆世明,彭少麟.1996.农业生态系统分析[M].广州:广东科技出版社.
梅杰,冉辉,樊均德,等.2016.贵州石阡河切尾拟鲿鱼食性研究[J].湖北农业科学,55(2):431-433.
母红霞,孙宝柱,曹文宣,等.2011.张氏的食性分析[J].水生生物学报,35(3):373-378.
彭艳,曾燏,张臣,等.2018.嘉陵江不同江段蛇鮈耳石形态特征及差异[J].水产学报,42(12):1896-1905.
沙永翠,张培育,张欢,等.2015.栖息地环境对种群营养生态位的影响---以黄颡鱼为例[J].生态学报,35(5):1321-1328.
孙儒泳.2002.基础生态学[M].北京:高等教育出版社.
万安,张晓可,谢枫,等.2016.低头坝养鱼对上下游局域栖息地和鱼类群落时空格局的影响[J].湖泊科学,28(1):178-186.
王娜.2008.脂肪酸等生物标志物在海洋食物网研究中的应用[D].上海:华东师范大学.
徐永福,伍远安,程小飞,等.2015.蛇鮈肌肉营养成分分析[J].安徽农业科学,43(11):149-150.
杨瑞斌,边书京,周洁,等.2004.梁子湖麦穗鱼食性的研究[J].华中农业大学学报,23(3):331-334.
杨学峰,谢从新,马宝珊,等.2011.拉萨裸裂尻鱼的食性[J].淡水渔业,41(4):40-44.
殷名称.1995.鱼类生态学[M].北京:中国农业出版社:64-83.
曾燏,周小云.2012.嘉陵江流域鱼类区系分析[J].华中农业大学学报,31(4):506-511.
曾燏.2012.嘉陵江干流鱼类群落生态结构分析[J].长江流域资源与环境,21(7):850-857.
张臣,曾燏,彭艳,等.2018.嘉陵江下游蛇鮈肠道形态结构及其异速生长模式[J].水产学报,42(4):503-512.
张缓缓.2016.嘉陵江中游蓬安段鱼类群落结构及重要经济鱼类种群生物学研究[D].南充:西华师范大学.
张堂林.2005.扁担塘鱼类生活史策略、营养特征及群落结构研究[D].武汉:中国科学院研究生院.
郑新庆,黄凌风,林荣澄.2014.环境饵料丰度的季节变化对筼筜湖3种大型底栖动物食性的影响---来自稳定同位素的证据[J].海洋学报,36(12):32-40.
周德勇.2011.太湖梅梁湾梅鲚的食性研究:胃含物和稳定同位素分析[D].武汉:华中农业大学.
邹淑珍.2011.赣江中游大型水利工程对鱼类及其生态环境的影响研究[D].南昌:南昌大学.
Arao K,Kanou K,Yokoo T.2010.Seasonal occurrence and food habit of introduced an alien fish Micropercops swinhonis(Odontobutidae)in the middle area of the Umeda River,central Honshu,Japan[J].Bulletin of the Biogeographical Society of Japan,65:43-49.
Boussou CK,Aliko GN,Konan MK,et al.2018.Feeding habits of the cichlid Chromidotilapia guntheri(Sauvage,1882)in some hydrosystems of Ivory Coast[J].Knowledge&Management of Aquatic Ecosystems,6(1):12.
Hynes HBN.1995.The food of fresh-water sticklebacks(Gasterosteus aculeatus and Pygosteus pungitius),with a review of methods used in studies of the food of fishes[J].Journal of Animal Ecology,19(1):36-58.
Kanaya G,Suzuki T,Kikuchi E.2011.Spatio-temporal variations in macrozoobenthic assemblage structures in a river-affected lagoon(Idoura Lagoon,Sendai Bay,Japan):influences of freshwater inflow[J].Estuarine Coastal&Shelf Science,92(1):169-179.
Martins RS,Perez JAA,Schettini CAF.2006.The squid Loligo plei around Santa Catarina Island,southern Brazil:ecology and interactions with the coastal oceanographic environment[J].Journal of Coastal Research,Special(39):1284-1289.
Schoener T.1970.Non-synchronous spatial overlap of lizards in patchy habits[J].Ecology,51(3):408-418.
Shaw M,Jenkins GP.1992.Spatial variation in feeding,prey distribution and food limitation of juvenile flounder Rhombosolea tapirina,Günther[J].Journal of Experimental Marine Biology&Ecology,165(1):1-21.
Zhang F,Liu F,Qin Q,et al.2018.Diet composition and trophic guild structure of fish assemblage in headwaters of the Chishui River,a tributary of the upper Yangtze River,China[J].Environmental Biology of Fishes,101(8):1235-1248.