基于有限元模拟的支撑剂回流规律
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摘要
水力压裂是常用的增产措施之一,在相同地层和裂缝尺寸条件下,裂缝内支撑剂的数量和分布会改变裂缝的导流能力,进而影响油井产量。目前关于支撑剂在裂缝中的分布以及压裂后返排过程中支撑剂在裂缝中的流动规律的研究较少,通过COMSOL软件模拟支撑剂在裂缝中的流动规律,分析了不同因素对裂缝内支撑剂数量的影响。模拟结果表明,影响支撑剂滞留最主要的因素是压裂返排液的流速和压裂液破胶后的黏度,通过调节返排参数可以抑制支撑剂回流。建议压裂施工中将返排液黏度控制在20 mPa·s以下,裂缝中压裂液的流速小于240 m~3/d.
Hydraulic fracturing is a kind of most commonly used well stimulation technology. Under the same formation conditions and same fracture dimensions, the amount and distribution of proppant in fractures will change the flow conductivity of fractures and impact well production. At present, there are few researches on proppant distribution and flow in fractures during flowback after fracturing. The paper analyzes the influences of various factors on proppant amount in fractures through proppant flow simulation in fractures with the software COMSOL. The simulation result shows that the most important factor influencing proppant retention is the flow rate of fracturing flowback fluid and the viscosity of fracturing fluid after gel breaking and the adjustment of flowback parameter can inhibit the backflow of proppant. It is suggested that during fracturing the flowback fluid viscosity should be kept below 20 mPa·s and the fracturing fluid flow rate at 240 m~3/d.
Hydraulic fracturing is a kind of most commonly used well stimulation technology. Under the same formation conditions and same fracture dimensions, the amount and distribution of proppant in fractures will change the flow conductivity of fractures and impact well production. At present, there are few researches on proppant distribution and flow in fractures during flowback after fracturing. The paper analyzes the influences of various factors on proppant amount in fractures through proppant flow simulation in fractures with the software COMSOL. The simulation result shows that the most important factor influencing proppant retention is the flow rate of fracturing flowback fluid and the viscosity of fracturing fluid after gel breaking and the adjustment of flowback parameter can inhibit the backflow of proppant. It is suggested that during fracturing the flowback fluid viscosity should be kept below 20 mPa·s and the fracturing fluid flow rate at 240 m~3/d.
引文
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[2]任喜东,李咏洲.Z油田大斜度压裂井产能数值模拟研究[J].石油化工高等学校学报,2018,31(2):76-81.REN Xidong,LI Yongzhou.Numerical simulation of large slope fracturing well productivity in Z oilfield[J].Journal of Petrochemical Universities,2018,31(2):76-81.
[3]孙元伟,程远方,时凤霞,等.致密气藏压裂水平井产能分析及压裂优化设计[J].新疆石油地质,2018,39(6):727-731.SUN Yuanwei,CHENG Yuanfang,SHI Fengxia,et al.Productivity analysis and fracturing design optimization of fractured horizontal well in tight gas reservoirs[J].Xinjiang Petroleum Geology,2018,39(6):727-731.
[4]陈姣妮,李天太,刘均令,等.苏里格气田水平井常规压裂与体积压裂数值模拟[J].石油化工高等学校学报,2015,28(5):49-54.CHEN Jiaoni,LI Tiantai,LIU Junling,et al.Numerical simulation of horizontal gas well conventional fracturing and volume fracturing in Sulige gas field[J].Journal of Petrochemical Universities,2015,28(5):49-54.
[5]王雷,文恒.压裂液返排速度对支撑剂回流量影响实验研究[J].科学技术与工程,2016,16(26):200-202.WANG Lei,WEN Heng.Experimental research on propant backflow volume influenced by the velocity of backflow fracturing fluid[J].Science Technology and Engineering,2016,16(26):200-202.
[6]浮历沛,张贵才,葛际江,等.自聚剂控制支撑剂回流技术研究[J].中国石油大学学报(自然科学版),2016,40(4):176-182.FU Lipei,ZHANG Guicai,GE Jijiang,et al.Study of proppant flowback control by self-aggregating agent[J].Journal of China University of Petroleum(Edition of Natural Science),2016,40(4):176-182.
[7]浮历沛,张贵才,张弛,等.高通道压裂自聚性支撑剂研究进展[J].油田化学,2016,33(2):376-380.FU Lipei,ZHANG Guicai,ZHANG Chi,et al.Research progress of self-initiated aggregating proppant in channel fracturing technique[J].Oilfield Chemistry,2016,33(2):376-380.
[8]马彪,刘书落,李锋,等.勘探井压裂后支撑剂回流现象及预防措施[J].油气井测试,2015,24(6):67-69.MA Biao,LIU Shuluo,LI Feng,et al.Backflow phenomenon of proppant after fracturing for the exploration well and its preventive measure[J].Well Testing,2015,24(6):67-69.
[9]朱新春,陈付虎,李嘉瑞,等.大牛地气田生产中支撑剂回流机理及影响因素分析[J].油气藏评价与开发,2015,5(4):73-76.ZHU Xinchun,CHEN Fuhu,LI Jiarui,et al.Research on proppant backflow mechanism and its influential factors of Daniudi gas field[J].Reservoir Evaluation and Development,2015,5(4):73-76.
[10]吴聃,鞠斌山,胡景宏,等.九龙山致密气田压后支撑剂回流机理研究[J].河北工业科技,2015,32(4):312-317.WU Dan,JU Binshan,HU Jinghong,et al.Study on proppant flowback mechanism of Kowloon tight gas field after fracturing[J].Hebei Journal of Industrial Science and Technology,2015,32(4):312-317.
[11]万军凤,肖阳,王明.大牛地气田泥砂岩间互层穿层压裂影响因素分析[J].石油化工高等学校学报,2017,30(3):32-38.WAN Junfeng,XIAO Yang,WANG Ming.Effect factors for layer penetration fracturing of thin interbeds in Daniudi gas field[J].Journal of Petrochemical Universities,2017,30(3):32-38.
[12]曲占庆,周丽萍,曲冠政,等.高速通道压裂支撑裂缝导流能力实验评价[J].油气地质与采收率,2015,22(1):122-126.QU Zhanqing,ZHOU Liping,QU Guanzheng,et al.Experimental evaluation on influencing factors of flow conductivity for channel fracturing proppant[J].Petroleum Geology and Recovery Efficiency,2015,22(1):122-126.
[13]王雷,张士诚.不同粒径支撑剂组合比例对支撑剂回流及缝内分布影响研究[J].新疆石油天然气,2014,10(4):50-52.WANG Lei,ZHANG Shicheng.Research on the influence of proppant combination ratio on proppant backflow volume and distribution in fracture[J].Xinjiang Oil&Gas,2014,10(4):50-52.
[14]HU J H,ZHAO J Z,LI Y M.A proppant mechanical model in postfrac flowback treatment[J].Journal of Natural Gas Science and Engineering,2014,20:23-26.
[15]JACOBS T.Improving shale production through flowback analysis[J].Journal of Petroleum Technology,2015,67(12):37-42.
[16]LIU Y,LIU D Q,GE H K,et al.Experimental Investigation on the effects of flow resistance on the fracturing fluids imbibition into gas shale[R].SPE 181825,2016.
[17]田克忠,闵超,孙艳彬,等.注蒸汽热采稠油水平井砂埋机理及产能公式[J].新疆石油地质,2014,35(1):87-90.TIAN Kezhong,MIN Chao,SUN Yanbin,et al.Sand plug mechanism and productivity formula for horizontal well development of heavy oil reservoir by steam stimulation[J].Xinjiang Petroleum Geology,2014,35(1):87-90.