南北朝至唐代中元节内涵演变考
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摘要
中元节是华夏民族传统祭祀祖先的节日,中元节最早形成于南北朝至隋唐时期,到宋代已趋于完善。中元节开始由寺院的集体祭拜活动,逐步走向以普通百姓家族为单位的祭祖活动,时间也相对固定为每年的七月十五日。中元节是我国古代秋收祭祖和佛教"孟兰盆斋会"相结合的产物,经道教的进一步发展完善,形成了流传至今祭祀祖先的传统节日。对唐朝以及前期中元节形成渊源、节日内涵演变做进一步考究,对探索中华民俗历史文化发展具有重要的意义。
The Zhongyuan Festival is a traditional festival for Chinese ancestors to worship their ancestors. The Zhongyuan Festival first started from the Northern and Southern Dynasties to the Sui and Tang Dynasties,and became perfected in the Song Dynasty. The festival began by the collective worshipping in the monasteries,gradually became popular among the ordinary people. The date is relatively fixed on July 15 th on the lunar calendar every year. The Zhongyuan Festival is the combination of ancestor worship in the autumn harvest in ancient China and the Buddhist Ullambana. Through Taoists' further development,it has become a traditional festival and handed down for worshipping ancestors. Further study of its origin and connotation evolution before the Tang Dynasty is of great significance for exploring the development of Chinese folk history and culture.
The Zhongyuan Festival is a traditional festival for Chinese ancestors to worship their ancestors. The Zhongyuan Festival first started from the Northern and Southern Dynasties to the Sui and Tang Dynasties,and became perfected in the Song Dynasty. The festival began by the collective worshipping in the monasteries,gradually became popular among the ordinary people. The date is relatively fixed on July 15 th on the lunar calendar every year. The Zhongyuan Festival is the combination of ancestor worship in the autumn harvest in ancient China and the Buddhist Ullambana. Through Taoists' further development,it has become a traditional festival and handed down for worshipping ancestors. Further study of its origin and connotation evolution before the Tang Dynasty is of great significance for exploring the development of Chinese folk history and culture.
引文
[1]董仲舒.春秋繁露[M].北京:中华书局,2012:467.
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[5]王静悦,张玉春.中国古代民俗!荆楚岁时记[M].哈尔滨:黑龙江人民出版社,2006:242.
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[2]程翔.说苑译注[M].北京:北京大学出版社,2009:285.
[3]张弓.中古盂兰盆节的民族化衍变[J].历史研究,1991(1).
[4]义楚.释氏六帖:卷45[M].杭州:浙江古籍出版社,1990:272.
[5]王静悦,张玉春.中国古代民俗!荆楚岁时记[M].哈尔滨:黑龙江人民出版社,2006:242.
[6]庄辉明,章义和注.颜氏家训!终制篇[M].上海:上海古籍出版社,2012:257.
[7]刘昫.旧唐书:卷118[M].北京:中华书局,1975:3418.
[8]白化文,李鼎霞,许德楠修订校注,周一良审阅.入唐求法巡礼行记校注[M].石家庄:花山文艺出版社,1992:442.