ZnO/环氧树脂复合材料的耐电树枝能力
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摘要
为研究纳米ZnO掺杂对环氧树脂抑制电树枝生长能力的影响,制备了不同纳米ZnO掺杂量的环氧树脂复合材料。通过针板电极对其进行了介电性能与起始局放电压的测试,观察了不同纳米ZnO掺杂量的复合材料电树枝生长情况。结果表明:纳米ZnO提升了环氧树脂的局放起始电压,并显著改善了环氧树脂抑制电树枝生长的能力。在纳米Zn O掺杂量质量分数达到3%时,局放起始电压到达峰值14.5 kV,相比纯环氧提升了67.7%,其耐电树枝能力达到最强。并且,同一电压下复合材料的电树枝劣化区域随着纳米ZnO掺杂量的增加而逐渐减少。
Nano-ZnO/epoxy composites containing various contents of nano-ZnO were prepared so as to study the influence of doping nanometer zinc oxide on the impedance of electrical tree in epoxy resin. And the dielectric properties and partial discharging tests were carried out by needle-plate electrodes. The growth of electric tree of the nanocomposites with different Nano-ZnO contents was observed. The experimental results reveal that nano-ZnO significantly enhances the ability of epoxy resin to inhibit the growth of electric tree. When the content of nano-ZnO is 3%, the initial discharging voltage of composites can reach the maximal 14.5 kV, which is 67.7% higher than that of pristine sample. As the the doping content of nano-ZnO increases, the deterioration area of electrical tree will decrease gradually at the same applied voltages.
Nano-ZnO/epoxy composites containing various contents of nano-ZnO were prepared so as to study the influence of doping nanometer zinc oxide on the impedance of electrical tree in epoxy resin. And the dielectric properties and partial discharging tests were carried out by needle-plate electrodes. The growth of electric tree of the nanocomposites with different Nano-ZnO contents was observed. The experimental results reveal that nano-ZnO significantly enhances the ability of epoxy resin to inhibit the growth of electric tree. When the content of nano-ZnO is 3%, the initial discharging voltage of composites can reach the maximal 14.5 kV, which is 67.7% higher than that of pristine sample. As the the doping content of nano-ZnO increases, the deterioration area of electrical tree will decrease gradually at the same applied voltages.
引文
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[2]杜伯学,于洋,殷震,等.磁场环境下室温硫化硅橡胶电树枝生长特性[J].高电压技术,2017,43(8):2702-2708.DU Boxue,YU Yang,YIN Zhen,et al.Electrical tree growth characteristics of RTV silicone rubber under magnetic field[J].High Voltage Engineering,2017,43(8):2702-2708.
[3]ALAPATI S,THOMAS M J.Influence of nano-fillers on electrical treeing in epoxy insulation[J].IET Science Measurement Technology,2012,6(6):21-28.
[4]TIAN F,LEI Q,WANG X,et al.Investigation of electrical properties of LDPE/ZnO nanocomposite dielectrics[J].IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics&Electrical Insulation,2012,19(3):763-769.
[5]ALAPATI S,MELEDATH J T,KARMARKAR A.Effect of morphology on electrical treeing in low density polyethylene nanocomposites[J].IET Science Measurement Technology,2014,8(2):60-68.
[6]罗杨,吴广宁,彭佳,等.聚合物纳米复合电介质的界面性能研究进展[J].高电压技术,2012,38(9):2455-2464.LUO Yang,WU Guangning,PENG Jia,et al.Research progress on interface properties of polymer nanodielectrics[J].High Voltage Engineering,2012,38(9):2455-2464.
[7]SEILER J,KINDERSBERGER J.Insight into the interphase in polymer nanocomposites[J].IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics&Electrical Insulation,2014,21(21):537-547.
[8]JU P H,WENG L,LIU L Z,et al.Preparation and characterization of Al-doped ZnO and PVDF composites[J].High Voltage,2016,1(4):166-170.
[9]江平开,孙小金,黄宇,等.纳米氧化镁聚丙烯复合绝缘材料的制备及其性能[J].高电压技术,2017,43(2):355-366.JIANG Pingkai,SUN Xiaojin,HUANG Yu,et al.Preparation of MgO/polypropylene insulation nanocomposites and their properties[J].High Voltage Engineering,43(2):355-366.
[10]YAMANO Y,IIZUKA M.Improvement of electrical tree resistance of LDPE by mixed addition of nanoparticles and phthalocyanine[J].IEEETransactions on Dielectrics&Electrical Insulation,2011,18(1):329-337.
[11]高铭泽,张沛红.纳米SiO2/环氧树脂复合材料介电性与纳米粒子分散性关系[J].物理学报,2016,65(24):192-199.GAO Mingze,ZHANG Peihong.Relationship between dielectric properties and nanoparticle dispersion of nano-SiO2/epoxy composite[J].Acta Physica Sinica,2016,65(24):192-199.
[12]王旗,李喆,尹毅,等.微/纳米氧化铝/环氧树脂复合材料抑制电树枝生长能力的研究[J].电工技术学报,2015,30(6):255-260.WANG Qi,LI Zhe,YIN Yi,et al.The effect of micro and nano alumina on the ability of impedance on the electrical tree of epoxy resin[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2015,30(6):255-260.
[13]LI Z,OKAMOTO K,OHKI Y,et al.The role of nano and micro particles on partial discharge and breakdown strength in epoxy composites[J].IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics&Electrical Insulation,2011,18(3):675-681.
[14]王诗成,王福春,杨国清,等.纳米SiO2/环氧树脂复合材料局部放电和导热特性研究[J].绝缘材料,2016,49(9):57-60.WANG Shicheng,WANG Fuchun,YANG Guoqing,et al.Research on partial discharge and thermal conductive properties of nano-SiO2/epoxy composites[J].Insulating Materials,2016,49(9):57-60.
[15]杨国清,魏帅,王得意,等.纳米改性环氧树脂绝缘型封闭母线的温升特性研究[J].大电机技术,2016(5):56-60.YANG Guoqing,WEI Shuai,WANG Deyi,et al.Research on temperature rise of nano-modified epoxy resin insulated enclosed bus[J].Large Electric Machine&Hydraulic Turbine,2016(5):56-60.
[16]MAZZANTI G,MONTANARI G C,ALISON J M.A space-charge based method for the estimation of apparent mobility and trap depth as markers for insulation degradation-theoretical basis and experimental validation[J].IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics&Electrical Insulation,2003,8(2):187-197.
[17]MONTANARI G C,MAZZANTI G,PALMIERI F,et al.Space-charge trapping and conduction in LDPE,HDPE and XLPE[J].Journal of Physics D:Applied Physics,2001,34(18):2902-2904.
[18]陈曦,吴锴,王霞,等.纳米粒子改性聚乙烯直流电缆绝缘材料研究(Ⅰ)[J].高电压技术,2012,38(10):2691-2697.CHEN Xi,WU Kai,WANG Xia,et al.Modified low density polyethylene by nano-fills as insulating material of DC cable(Ⅰ)[J].High Voltage Engineering,2012,38(10):2691-2697.
[19]何金良,谢竟成,胡军.改善不均匀电场的非线性复合材料研究进展[J].高电压技术,2014,40(3):637-647.HE Jinliang,XIE Jingcheng,HU Jun.Progress of nonlinear polymer composites for improving nonuniform electrical fields[J].High Voltage Engineering,2014,40(3):637-647.
[20]陈向荣,徐阳,徐杰,等.工频电压下110 kV XLPE电缆电树枝生长及局放特性[J].高电压技术,2010,36(10):2436-2443.CHEN Xiangrong,XU Yang,XU Jie,et al.Propagation and partial discharge characteristics of electrical trees in 110 kV XLPE cable insulation at power frequency applied voltage[J].High Voltage Engineering,2010,36(10):2436-2443.
[21]NYAMUPANGEDENGU C,CORNISH D R.Time-evolution phenomena of electrical tree partial discharges in magnesia,silica and alumina epoxy nanocomposites[J].IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics&Electrical Insulation,2016,23(1):85-94.
[22]ALAPATI S,THOMAS M J.Electrical treeing and the associated PDcharacteristics in LDPE nanocomposites[J].IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics&Electrical Insulation,2012,19(2):697-704.
[23]张晓虹,潘宇,李瑞显,等.EP/SiO2/MMT微纳米复合材料耐电树枝性能[J].高电压技术,2017,43(9):2808-2812.ZHANG Xiaohong,PAN Yu,LI Ruixian,et al.Properties of electrical tree resistance for EP/SiO2/MMT micro-nano composites[J].High Voltage Engineering,2017,43(9):2808-2812.
[24]RAETZKE S,OHKI Y,IMAI T,et al.Tree initiation characteristics of epoxy resin and epoxy/clay nanocomoposite[J].IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics&Electrical Insulation,2009,16(5):1473-1480.
[25]CHI X,GAO J,ZHANG X.Electrical tree propagating characteristics of polyethylene/nano-montmorillonite composites[J].IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics&Electrical Insulation,2015,22(3):1530-1536.
[26]马宗乐,梅迪,杨广忠,等.SiO2纳米颗粒对硅橡胶中电树枝特性的影响研究[J].绝缘材料,2014,49(1):81-84.MA Zongle,MEI Di,YANG Guangzhong,et al.Effect of SiO2 nanoparticle on the propagation characteristic of electrical tree in silicone rubber[J].Insulating Materials,2014,49(1):81-84.
[27]石林爽.无机纳米掺杂LDPE电树枝老化特性的研究[D].哈尔滨:哈尔滨理工大学,2011.SHI Linshuang.Effect of inorganic Nano-fillers on electrical treeing in LDPE[D].Harbin,China:Harbin University of Science And Technology,2011.
[28]李盛涛,郑晓泉.聚合物电树枝化[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2006:72-74.LI Shengtao,ZHENG Xiaoquan.Electrical treeing in polymer[M].Beijing,China:Machine Industry Press,2006:72-74.
[29]王霞,陈少卿,成霞,等.电声脉冲法测量聚合物绝缘表面陷阱能级分布[J].中国电机工程学报,2009,29(1):127-132.WANG Xia,CHEN Shaoqin,CHENG Xia,et al.Measuring energy distribution of surface trap in polymer insulation by PEA method[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2009,29(1):127-132.
[30]王霞,孙晓彤,刘全宇,等.基于空间电荷效应的绝缘老化寿命模型的研究进展[J].高电压技术,2016,42(3):861-867.WANG Xia,SUN Xiaotong,LIU Quanyu,et al.Research development of aging models of insulation materials based on space charge effect[J].High Voltage Engineering,2016,42(3):861-867.
[31]汤龙程.纳米颗粒改性环氧树脂的断裂行为及其和纤维的界面性能研究[D].合肥:中国科学技术大学,2011.TANG Longcheng.Study on fracture behavior of epoxy resin modified with nanoparticles and the fiber/matrix interfacial properites[D].Hefei,China:University of Science and Technology of China,2011.
[32]王柯,张琴,吴照勇,等.聚丙烯纳米复合材料的研究进展[J].工程塑料应用,2001,29(12):43-46.WANG Ke,ZHANG Qin,WU Zhaoyong,et al.Advance in the research of polypropylene nannocomposites[J].Engineering Plastics Application,2001,29(12):43-46.
[33]张荣良,柳亚输,金云学.针状纳米ZnO制备EP/ZnO复合材料及其力学性能的研究[J].材料工程,2011,40(12):78-82.ZHANG Rongliang,LIU Yashu,JIN Yunxue.Preparation of EP/ZnOcomposites with needle nano-ZnO and its mechanical properties[J].Journal of Materials Engineering,2011,40(12):78-82.
[34]NYAMUPANGEDENGU C,CORNISH D R.Time-evolution phenomena of electrical tree partial discharges in Magnesia,Silica and Alumina epoxy nanocomposites[J].IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics&Electrical Insulation,2016,23(1):85-94.
[35]王霞,陈少卿,成霞,等.纳米ZnO对聚乙烯抗紫外光老化的影响[J].电工技术学报,2008,23(10):6-10.WANG Xia,CHEN Shaoqin,CHENG Xia,et al.The UV aging of nano-ZnO/polyethylene composite[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2008,23(10):6-10.