摘要
目的分析支气管哮喘患儿医院感染的病原学分布特点及相关影响因素。方法选择118例支气管哮喘患儿作为研究对象,利用一次性吸痰管采集患儿呼吸道分泌物,对病原学进行检测分析。记录患儿年龄、性别等一般情况及相关临床化验结果,对以上相关因素分别给予单因素和多因素Logistics分析。结果 118例支气管哮喘住院治疗的患儿共有27例发生医院感染,感染率为22.88%;检出病原菌42株,其中革兰阴性菌69.05%,革兰阳性菌23.81%,真菌7.14%;病毒47株,其中合胞病毒感染31.91%,流感病毒A和流感病毒B,分别占19.15%和12.77%;患儿合并侵入性操作、抗菌药物使用情况不合理及住院时间是导致支气管哮喘患儿医院感染的独立危险因素(P<0.05)。结论支气管哮喘医院感染的患儿,治疗上要依据病原菌分布特点合理使用抗菌药物,同时针对导致其发生医院感染的相关影响因素提出预防对策及合理的护理措施,对于降低支气管哮喘患儿医院感染的发生率和改善患儿预后有着重要意义。
OBJECTIVE To investigate the etiological characteristics and influencing factors for nosocomial infection in children with bronchial asthma so as to put forward the prevention measures. METHODS A total of 118 children with bronchial asthma were recruited as study objects, the respiratory tract secretions were collected from the children by using disposable suction tube. The baseline data such as age and gender as well as results of clinical laboratory examinations were recorded, and univariate analysis and multivariate logistic analysis were performed for the above factors. RESULTS Of the 118 children with bronchial asthma who were hospitalized for treatment, 27 had nosocomial infection, with the infection rate 22.88%. Totally 42 strains of pathogens were isolated, 69.05% of which were gram-negative bacteria, 23.81% were gram-positive bacteria, and 7.14% were fungi. There were 47 strains of viruses, the children with syncytial virus infection accounted for 31.91%, the children with influenza virus A infection accounted for 19.15%, and the children with influenza virus B infection accounted for 12.77%. Invasive procedures, unreasonable use of antibiotics and length of hospital stay were the independent risk factors for the nosocomial infection in the children with bronchial asthma(P<0.05). CONCLUSION It is necessary to reasonable use antibiotics based on the etiological characteristics of the pathogens isolated from the bronchial asthma children with nosocomial infection and put forward the prevention countermeasures and nursing measures according to the influencing factors for the nosocomial infection so as to reduce the incidence of nosocomial infection and improve the prognosis of the children with bronchial asthma.
引文
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