中学数学中统计内容的问题与建议
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摘要
简要概述统计学简史.统计作为中学数学的重要内容应该偏重于以概率作为基础的数理统计,所以教材的编写适宜将统计放在概率之后.一些重要的公式即使在中学阶段很难进行严格的证明,但至少应该直观上解释清楚来龙去脉,否则学生不仅不知其所以然,甚至不知其然,学习这些公式对学生就是一件毫无意义的事情.有些教材对系统抽样概念的例解有失精准,容易导致教师与学生对系统抽样的误解.X~2检验作为统计中最重要的检验方法之一,最好给出明确的定义,教材中直接给出一个特殊的计算公式可能会让教师与学生都大惑不解.
In this paper,a brief history of statistics was presented.Statistics,as an important part of middle school mathematics,should emphasize on probability-based mathematical statistics.Even if it was difficult to prove strictly in middle school,some important formulas should at least be explained in terms of context.Otherwise,students did not know what it means,or even did not know what it was,learning these formulas made no sense to students.Some version of teaching material was not accurate to the concept of system sampling,and it was easy to misinterpret the system sampling by teachers and students.As one of the most important test methods in statistics,it was better to give a clear definition on X~2 test,to give directly the special formula in textbooks may confuse both teachers and students.
In this paper,a brief history of statistics was presented.Statistics,as an important part of middle school mathematics,should emphasize on probability-based mathematical statistics.Even if it was difficult to prove strictly in middle school,some important formulas should at least be explained in terms of context.Otherwise,students did not know what it means,or even did not know what it was,learning these formulas made no sense to students.Some version of teaching material was not accurate to the concept of system sampling,and it was easy to misinterpret the system sampling by teachers and students.As one of the most important test methods in statistics,it was better to give a clear definition on X~2 test,to give directly the special formula in textbooks may confuse both teachers and students.
引文
[1]FREEDMAN D,PISANI R,PURVES R,等.统计学[M].北京:中国统计出版社,1997:570-590.
[2]盛骤,谢式千.概率论与数理统计及其应用[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2004:114-205.
[2]盛骤,谢式千.概率论与数理统计及其应用[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2004:114-205.