不同玉米杂交品种吐丝持续期特性及其对播期的响应
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摘要
吐丝期是决定玉米产量的关键时期,研究其相关特性,对玉米生产意义重大。为准确分析不同玉米品种吐丝特性的差异及其对播期的响应,于2014年和2015年设置了3个玉米主推品种(郑单958、先玉335和京科968)的3个播期处理(早播:4月10日,中播:5月10日,晚播:6月10日),分析了各个处理间吐丝持续期的差异以及吐丝持续期与雌穗穗长变异及产量构成因素的关系。结果表明:(1)群体吐丝持续期在品种间存在显著差异,表现为先玉335 (9.12 d)>郑单958 (8.94 d)>京科968 (7.68 d)。随时间推进,玉米每天吐丝的比例与天数为先升高后降低的二次函数关系,每天最大吐丝比例为先玉335 (16.51%)<郑单958 (17.07%)<京科968 (19.98%)。京科968较郑单958和先玉335呈现吐丝集中,每天吐丝比例较高、吐丝持续期短的特点;(2)吐丝持续期在不同播期间差异显著,郑单958、先玉335和京科968不同播期间的吐丝持续期变幅分别为8.10～9.55 d、7.54～10.53 d和6.65～8.66 d,郑单958的吐丝持续期在不同播期间最稳定(CV=6.57%),其次为京科968 (CV=9.40%),先玉335的吐丝持续期在不同播期间的变化最不稳定(CV=11.68%);(3)吐丝持续期与雌穗穗长的变异系数呈显著正相关,与产量和穗粒数呈显著负相关,与千粒重不相关。播期对玉米吐丝持续期具有显著的调控作用。随吐丝持续期增加,玉米雌穗穗长的变异系数显著增大,群体果穗的整齐度降低,穗粒数显著减少,是玉米产量显著降低的主要原因。
Silking is an important growth stage and has important effects on maize(Zea mays L.) yield. The research of silking characteristics plays a fundamental role in maize productivity. To examine the silking characteristics difference of different maize hybrids and its responses to sowing date, we conducted an experiment with three sowing date(4/10, 5/10, 6/10) treatments using the most widely cultivated maize hybrids of Zhengdan 958(ZD958), Xianyu 335(XY335), and Jingke 968(JK968). The silking duration difference between different hybrids and the relationship of silking duration with ear length variation and yield components were analyzed. The significant differences were found in silking durations with an order of XY335(9.12 d) > ZD958(8.94 d) > JK968(7.68 d). The silking ratio per day was well correlated with days to silking(P < 0.05), A non-linear positive relationship existed between silking ratio per day(y) and days to silking(x). The highest silking ratio per day showed an order of XY335(16.51%) < ZD958(17.07%) < JK968(19.98%). Significant differences of silking duration were found between different sowing date treatments. The silking durations of ZD958, XY335, and JK968 in different sowing date treatment ranged from 8.10 d to 9.55 d(CV = 6.57%), from 7.54 d to 10.53 d(CV = 9.40%), from 6.55 d to 8.66 d(CV = 11.68%), respectively. Silking duration significantly and positively correlated the coefficient of variation of ear length, and negatively correlated with yield and kernel number per ear. No significant correlation was found between silking duration and 1000-kernel weight. Sowing date has significant effects on silking duration. With increasing silking duration, the coefficient of variation of ear length is increased significantly, the uniformity of ear length and kernel number per ear are decreased, resulting in maize yield decrease significantly.
Silking is an important growth stage and has important effects on maize(Zea mays L.) yield. The research of silking characteristics plays a fundamental role in maize productivity. To examine the silking characteristics difference of different maize hybrids and its responses to sowing date, we conducted an experiment with three sowing date(4/10, 5/10, 6/10) treatments using the most widely cultivated maize hybrids of Zhengdan 958(ZD958), Xianyu 335(XY335), and Jingke 968(JK968). The silking duration difference between different hybrids and the relationship of silking duration with ear length variation and yield components were analyzed. The significant differences were found in silking durations with an order of XY335(9.12 d) > ZD958(8.94 d) > JK968(7.68 d). The silking ratio per day was well correlated with days to silking(P < 0.05), A non-linear positive relationship existed between silking ratio per day(y) and days to silking(x). The highest silking ratio per day showed an order of XY335(16.51%) < ZD958(17.07%) < JK968(19.98%). Significant differences of silking duration were found between different sowing date treatments. The silking durations of ZD958, XY335, and JK968 in different sowing date treatment ranged from 8.10 d to 9.55 d(CV = 6.57%), from 7.54 d to 10.53 d(CV = 9.40%), from 6.55 d to 8.66 d(CV = 11.68%), respectively. Silking duration significantly and positively correlated the coefficient of variation of ear length, and negatively correlated with yield and kernel number per ear. No significant correlation was found between silking duration and 1000-kernel weight. Sowing date has significant effects on silking duration. With increasing silking duration, the coefficient of variation of ear length is increased significantly, the uniformity of ear length and kernel number per ear are decreased, resulting in maize yield decrease significantly.
引文
[1]Borrás L,Westgate M E,Astini J P,Echarte L E.Coupling time to silking with plant growth rate in maize.Field Crops Res,2007,102:73-85.
[2]Gabaldon L C,Webber H,Otegui M E,Slafer G A,Ordonez R A,Gaiser T,Lorite I J,Ruiz R M,Ewert F.Modelling the impact of heat stress on maize yield formation.Field Crops Res,2016,198:226-237.
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[5]Jia S F,Li C F.Effects of shading at different stages after anthesis on maize grain weight and quality at cytology level.J Integr Agric,2011,10:58-69.
[6]张仁和,郭东伟,张兴华,路海东,刘建超,李凤艳,郝引川,薛吉全.吐丝期干旱胁迫对玉米生理特性和物质生产的影响.作物学报,2012,38:1884-1890.Zhang R H,Guo D W,Zhang X H,Lu H D,Liu J C,Li F Y,Hao YC,Xue J Q.Effect of drought stress on physiological characteristics and dry matter production in maize silking stage.Acta Agron Sin,2012,38:1884-1890(in Chinese with English abstract).
[7]陈春梅,高聚林,苏治军,于晓芳,胡树平,赵晓亮.玉米自交系吐丝期叶片光合参数与其耐旱性的关系.作物学报,2014,40:1667-1676.Chen C M,Gao J L,Su Z J,Yu X F,Hu S P,Zhao X L.Relationship between leaf photosynthetic parameters and drought resistance at silking stage in maize inbred lines.Acta Agron Sin,2014,40:1667-1676(in Chinese with English abstract).
[8]Ren B,Cui H,Camberato J J,Dong S,Liu P,Zhao B,Zhang J.Effects of shading on the photosynthetic characteristics and mesophyll cell ultrastructure of summer maize.Naturwissenschaften,2016,103:67.
[9]Beavis W D,Smith O S,Grant D,Fincher R R.Identification of quantitative trait loci using a small sample of top crossed and F4progeny from maize.Crop Sci,1994,34:882-896.
[10]Veldboom L R,Lee M.Molecular-marker-facilitated studies of morphological traits in maize.II:Determination of QTLs for grain yield and yield components.Theor Appl Genet,1994,89:451-458.
[11]Berke T G,Rocheford T R.Quantitative trait loci for flowering,plant and ear height,and kernel traits in maize.Crop Sci,1995,35:1542-1549.
[12]Agrama H A S,Moussa M E.Mapping QTLs in breeding for drought tolerance in maize(Zea mays L.).Euphytica,1996,91:89-97.
[13]Kozumplik V,Pejic I,Senior L,Pavlina R,Graham G I,Stuber CW.Use of molecular markers for QTL detection in segregating maize populations derived from exotic germplasm.Maydica,1996,41:211-217.
[14]Ribaut J,Hoisington D,Deutsch J A,Jiang C Z,Gonzalez de Leon D.Identification of quantitative trait loci under drought conditions in tropical maize:1.Flowering parameters and the anthesis-silking interval.Theor Appl Genet,1996,92:905-914.
[15]Veldboom L R,Lee M.Genetic mapping of qunatitative trait loci in maize in stress and nonstress environments:II.Plant height and flowering.Crop Sci,1996,36:1320-1327.
[16]Rebai A,Blanchard P,Perret D,Vincourt P.Mapping quantitative trait loci controlling silking date in a diallel cross among four lines of maize.Theor Appl Genet,1997,95:451-459.
[17]Khairallah M,Bohn M,Jiang C Z,Deutsch J A,Jewell D C,Mihm J A,Melchinger A E,Gonzalez de Leon D,Hoisington D.Molecular mapping of QTL for southwestern corn borer resistance,plant height and flowering in tropical maize.Plant Breed,1998,117:309-318.
[18]Xie H,Ding D,Cui Z,Wu X,Hu Y,Liu Z,Li Y,Tang J.Genetic analysis of the related traits of flowering and silk for hybrid seed production in maize.Genes Genomics,2010,32:55-61.
[19]Wang Y,Cui Y,Zhang L,Li J,Liu J,Wang R.Effects of syncrhonization between silk receptivity and pollen grain vigor on kernel sets of corn(Zea mays L.).Front Agric China,2007,1:271-275.
[20]李金才,董海荣,崔彦宏.不同花位间玉米花丝生长发育动态的研究.河北农业大学学报,2003,26(2):1-4.Li J C,Dong H R,Cui Y H.Study on the dynamics of growth and development of maize silks in different flower positions.J Agric Univ Hebei,2003,26(2):1-4(in Chinese with English abstract).
[2]Gabaldon L C,Webber H,Otegui M E,Slafer G A,Ordonez R A,Gaiser T,Lorite I J,Ruiz R M,Ewert F.Modelling the impact of heat stress on maize yield formation.Field Crops Res,2016,198:226-237.
[3]Liu G,Hou P,Xie R,Ming B,Wang K,Liu W,Yang Y,Li S.Canopy characteristics of high-yield maize with yield potential of22.5 Mg ha-1.Field Crops Res,2017,213:221-230.
[4]Paponov I A,Sambo P,Erley G S,Presterl T,Geiger H H,Engels C.Kernel set in maize genotypes differing in nitrogen use efficiency in response to resource availability around flowering.Plant Soil,2005,272:101-110.
[5]Jia S F,Li C F.Effects of shading at different stages after anthesis on maize grain weight and quality at cytology level.J Integr Agric,2011,10:58-69.
[6]张仁和,郭东伟,张兴华,路海东,刘建超,李凤艳,郝引川,薛吉全.吐丝期干旱胁迫对玉米生理特性和物质生产的影响.作物学报,2012,38:1884-1890.Zhang R H,Guo D W,Zhang X H,Lu H D,Liu J C,Li F Y,Hao YC,Xue J Q.Effect of drought stress on physiological characteristics and dry matter production in maize silking stage.Acta Agron Sin,2012,38:1884-1890(in Chinese with English abstract).
[7]陈春梅,高聚林,苏治军,于晓芳,胡树平,赵晓亮.玉米自交系吐丝期叶片光合参数与其耐旱性的关系.作物学报,2014,40:1667-1676.Chen C M,Gao J L,Su Z J,Yu X F,Hu S P,Zhao X L.Relationship between leaf photosynthetic parameters and drought resistance at silking stage in maize inbred lines.Acta Agron Sin,2014,40:1667-1676(in Chinese with English abstract).
[8]Ren B,Cui H,Camberato J J,Dong S,Liu P,Zhao B,Zhang J.Effects of shading on the photosynthetic characteristics and mesophyll cell ultrastructure of summer maize.Naturwissenschaften,2016,103:67.
[9]Beavis W D,Smith O S,Grant D,Fincher R R.Identification of quantitative trait loci using a small sample of top crossed and F4progeny from maize.Crop Sci,1994,34:882-896.
[10]Veldboom L R,Lee M.Molecular-marker-facilitated studies of morphological traits in maize.II:Determination of QTLs for grain yield and yield components.Theor Appl Genet,1994,89:451-458.
[11]Berke T G,Rocheford T R.Quantitative trait loci for flowering,plant and ear height,and kernel traits in maize.Crop Sci,1995,35:1542-1549.
[12]Agrama H A S,Moussa M E.Mapping QTLs in breeding for drought tolerance in maize(Zea mays L.).Euphytica,1996,91:89-97.
[13]Kozumplik V,Pejic I,Senior L,Pavlina R,Graham G I,Stuber CW.Use of molecular markers for QTL detection in segregating maize populations derived from exotic germplasm.Maydica,1996,41:211-217.
[14]Ribaut J,Hoisington D,Deutsch J A,Jiang C Z,Gonzalez de Leon D.Identification of quantitative trait loci under drought conditions in tropical maize:1.Flowering parameters and the anthesis-silking interval.Theor Appl Genet,1996,92:905-914.
[15]Veldboom L R,Lee M.Genetic mapping of qunatitative trait loci in maize in stress and nonstress environments:II.Plant height and flowering.Crop Sci,1996,36:1320-1327.
[16]Rebai A,Blanchard P,Perret D,Vincourt P.Mapping quantitative trait loci controlling silking date in a diallel cross among four lines of maize.Theor Appl Genet,1997,95:451-459.
[17]Khairallah M,Bohn M,Jiang C Z,Deutsch J A,Jewell D C,Mihm J A,Melchinger A E,Gonzalez de Leon D,Hoisington D.Molecular mapping of QTL for southwestern corn borer resistance,plant height and flowering in tropical maize.Plant Breed,1998,117:309-318.
[18]Xie H,Ding D,Cui Z,Wu X,Hu Y,Liu Z,Li Y,Tang J.Genetic analysis of the related traits of flowering and silk for hybrid seed production in maize.Genes Genomics,2010,32:55-61.
[19]Wang Y,Cui Y,Zhang L,Li J,Liu J,Wang R.Effects of syncrhonization between silk receptivity and pollen grain vigor on kernel sets of corn(Zea mays L.).Front Agric China,2007,1:271-275.
[20]李金才,董海荣,崔彦宏.不同花位间玉米花丝生长发育动态的研究.河北农业大学学报,2003,26(2):1-4.Li J C,Dong H R,Cui Y H.Study on the dynamics of growth and development of maize silks in different flower positions.J Agric Univ Hebei,2003,26(2):1-4(in Chinese with English abstract).