耦合湿地模块的流域水文模型模拟效率评价
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摘要
耦合湿地模块的流域水文模型是开展流域湿地变化的水文效应及其水文功能评估的有效工具,其模拟效率直接关系到模拟精度和应用价值。选取中国湿地主要分布区之一的嫩江流域,利用PHYSITEL/HYDROTEL模型平台,构建孤立湿地和河滨湿地模块并与流域水文模型耦合,并从拟合优度指数和模拟效率角度评价了耦合湿地模块的流域水文模型模拟效率。结果表明,耦合湿地模块的流域水文模型,拟合和验证期间模型的拟合度指数均有所提高,嫩江富拉尔基和大赉水文站控制流域的Nash-Sutcliffe系数和克林效率系数平均提高了3.08%和4.64%,均方根误差和相对偏差平均降低了12.72%和55.93%,且整个研究时段模拟结果的流量指数总体更接近于观测的径流数据。可见,耦合湿地模块的流域水文模型可提高水文过程模拟精度,更好地定量评估湿地水文功能,为流域水资源精准调控与湿地修复保护提供重要支撑。
Watershed hydrological modelling provides a methodology to evaluate the effects of wetlands on stream flow and watershed hydrology. In this study,the PHYSITEL/HYDROTEL modelling platform was used to assess the added-value of specific isolated wetland and riparian wetland modules. To achieve this goal,two sets of simulations were performed(with and without wetland modules) to assess the capacity of the modelling platform with respect to two river segments of the Nenjiang River Basin,Northeast China. The results showed that integration of specific wetland modules can improve the performance of HYDROTEL to simulate both stream flows and effects of wetlands watershed hydrology. During the calibration and validation periods,Nash-Sutcliffe and Kling-Gupta efficiency improved 3.08% and 4.64% and percent bias root and mean squared error decreased 12.72% and 55.93% as a result of the integration of wetland modules,respectively. This explicit assessment framework could be applied to study the effect of wetland restauration and recovery projects on watershed hydrology.
Watershed hydrological modelling provides a methodology to evaluate the effects of wetlands on stream flow and watershed hydrology. In this study,the PHYSITEL/HYDROTEL modelling platform was used to assess the added-value of specific isolated wetland and riparian wetland modules. To achieve this goal,two sets of simulations were performed(with and without wetland modules) to assess the capacity of the modelling platform with respect to two river segments of the Nenjiang River Basin,Northeast China. The results showed that integration of specific wetland modules can improve the performance of HYDROTEL to simulate both stream flows and effects of wetlands watershed hydrology. During the calibration and validation periods,Nash-Sutcliffe and Kling-Gupta efficiency improved 3.08% and 4.64% and percent bias root and mean squared error decreased 12.72% and 55.93% as a result of the integration of wetland modules,respectively. This explicit assessment framework could be applied to study the effect of wetland restauration and recovery projects on watershed hydrology.
引文
[1] BULLOCK A,ACREMAN M.The role of wetlands in the hydrological cycle[J].Hydrology and Earth System Sciences Discussions,2003,7(3):358-389.
[2] 章光新,武瑶,吴燕锋,等.湿地生态水文学研究综述[J].水科学进展,2018,29(5):736-749.(ZHANG G X,WU Y,WU Y F,et al.A review of research on wetland ecohydrology[J].Advances in Water Science,2018,29(5):736-749.(in Chinese))
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[6] 宋文彬,谢先红,徐婷,等.洪河沼泽湿地水文过程模型构建及水文功能分析[J].湿地科学,2014,12(5):544-551.(SONG W B,XIE X H,XU T,et al.Construction of hydrological processes model and analysis of hydrological functions of mash wetlands in Honghe[J].Wetland Science,2014,12(5):544-551.(in Chinese))
[7] FOSSEY M,ROUSSEAU A N,BENSALMA F,et al.Integrating isolated and riparian wetland modules in the PHYSITEL/HYDROTEL modelling platform:model performance and diagnosis[J].Hydrological Processes,2015,29(22):4683- 4702.
[8] EVENSON G R,GOLDEN H E,LANE C R,et al.An improved representation of geographically isolated wetlands in a watershed-scale hydrologic model[J].Hydrological Processes,2016,30(22):4168- 4184.
[9] GOLDEN H E,CREED I F,ALI G,et al.Integrating geographically isolated wetlands into land management decisions[J].Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment,2017,15(6):319-327.
[10] WANG X,YANG W,MELESSE A M.Using hydrologic equivalent wetland concept within SWAT to estimate streamflow in watersheds with numerous wetlands[J].Transactions of the ASABE,2008,51(1):55-72.
[11] LIU Y,YANG W,WANG X.Development of a SWAT extension module to simulate riparian wetland hydrologic processes at a watershed scale[J].Hydrological Processes,2008,22(16):2901-2915.
[12] EVENSON G R,GOLDEN H E,LANE C R,et al.Geographically isolated wetlands and watershed hydrology:a modified model analysis[J].Journal of Hydrology,2015,529:240-256.
[13] EVENSON G R,GOLDEN H E,LANE C R,et al.An improved representation of geographically isolated wetlands in a watershed-scale hydrologic model[J].Hydrological Processes,2016,30(22):4168- 4184.
[14] LEE S,YEO I Y,LANG M W,et al.Assessing the cumulative impacts of geographically isolated wetlands on watershed hydrology using the SWAT model coupled with improved wetland modules[J].Journal of Environmental Management,2018,223:37- 48.
[15] RAHMAN M M,THOMPSON J R,FLOWER R J.An enhanced SWAT wetland module to quantify hydraulic interactions between riparian depressional wetlands,rivers and aquifers[J].Environmental Modelling & Software,2016,84:263-289.
[16] TAHMASEBI NASAB M,SINGH V,CHU X F.SWAT modeling for depression-dominated areas:how do depressions manipulate hydrologic modeling?[J].Water,2017,9(1):58.
[17] 李志威,鲁瀚友,胡旭跃.若尔盖高原典型泥炭湿地水量平衡计算[J].水科学进展,2018,29(5):655- 666.(LI Z W,LU H Y,HU X Y.Numerical simulation of dynamic water budget in a typical peatland of Zoige Plateau based on MODFLOW and field in-situ monitoring[J].Advances in Water Science,2018,29(5):655- 666.(in Chinese))
[18] 徐东霞,章光新,尹雄锐.近50年嫩江流域径流变化及影响因素分析[J].水科学进展,2009,20(3):416- 421.(XU D X,ZHANG G X,YIN X R.Runoff variation and its impacting factor in Nenjiang River during 1956—2006[J].Advances in Water Science,2009,20(3):416- 421.(in Chinese))
[19] 董李勤,章光新.嫩江流域沼泽湿地景观变化及其水文驱动因素分析[J].水科学进展,2013,24(2):177-183.(DONG L Q,ZHANG G X.The dynamic evolvement and hydrological driving factors of marsh in Nenjiang River basin[J].Advances in Water Science,2013,24(2):177-183.(in Chinese))
[20] 牛振国,张海英,王显威,等.1978—2008年中国湿地类型变化[J].科学通报,2012,57(16):1400.(NIU Z G,ZHANG H Y,WANG X W,et al.Mapping wetland changes in China between 1978 and 2008[J].China Sciences Bulletin,2012,57(16):1400.(in Chinese))
[21] NOEL P,ROUSSEAU A N,PANICONI C,et al.An algorithm for delineating and extracting hillslopes and hillslope width functions from gridded elevation data[J].Journal of Hydrologic Engineering,2014,19(2):366-374.
[22] FORTIN J P R,TURCOTTE S,MASSICOTTE R,et al.A distributed watershed model compatible with remote sensing and GIS data:part I:description of the model[J].Journal of Hydrologic Engineering,2001a,6(2):91- 99.
[23] FORTIN J P R,TURCOTTE S,MASSICOTTE R,et al.A distributed watershed model compatible with remote sensing and GIS data:part 2:application to the Chaudière watershed[J].Journal of Hydrologic Engineering,2001b,6(2):100-108.
[24] ALLEN R G,PEREIRA L S,RAES D,et al.Crop Evapotranspiration-Guidelines for computing crop water requirements[R].Rome:FAO,1998.
[25] RANKINE K,KARVONEN T,BUTTERFIELD D.A simple model for predicting soil temperature in snow-covered and seasonally frozen soil:model description and testing[J].Hydrology and Earth System Sciences,2004,8(4):706-716.
[26] TURCOTTE R,FORTIN L,FORTIN V,et al.Operational analysis of the spatial distribution and the temporal evolution of the snowpack water equivalent in southern Québec,Canada[J].Nordic Hydrology,2007,38(3):211-234.
[27] FOSSEY M,ROUSSEAU A N,SAVARY S.Assessment of the impact of spatiotemporal attributes of wetlands on stream flows using a hydrological modelling framework:a theoretical case study of a watershed under temperate climatic conditions[J].Hydrological Processes,2016,30(11):1768-1781.
[28] AMES D P,RAFN E B,VAN KIRK R,et al.Estimation of stream channel geometry in Idaho using GIS-derived watershed characteristics[J].Environmental Modelling & Software,2009,24(3):444- 448.
[29] BOUDA M,ROUSSEAU A N,GUMIERE S J,et al.Implementation of an automatic calibration procedure for HYDROTEL based on prior OAT sensitivity and complementary identifiability analysis[J].Hydrological Processes,2014,28(12):3947-3961.
[30] GUPTA H V,KLING H,YILMAZ K K,et al.Decomposition of the mean squared error and NSE performance criteria:implications for improving hydrological modeling[J].Journal of Hydrology,2009,377:80- 91.
[31] NASH J E,SUTCLIFFE J V.River flow forecasting through conceptual models:part I:a discussion of principles[J].Journal of hydrology,1970,10(3):282-290.
[32] SINGH J,KNAPP H V,DEMISSIE M.Hydrologic modeling of the Iroquois river watershed using HSPF and SWAT[J].Journal of the American Water Resources Association,2004,41(2):343-360.
[33] YAPO P O,GUPTA H V,SOROOSHIAN S.Automatic calibration of conceptual rainfall-runoff models:sensitivity to calibration data[J].Journal of Hydrology,1996,181(1/2/3/4):23- 48.
[34] OIDEN J D,POFFN L.Redundancy and the choice of hydrologic indices for characterizing streamflow regimes[J].River Research and Applications,2003,19(2):101-121.
[35] LEE S,YEO I Y,LANG M W,et al.Assessing the cumulative impacts of geographically isolated wetlands on watershed hydrology using the SWAT model coupled with improved wetland modules[J].Journal of environmental management.2018,223:37- 48.
[36] MELSEN L A,TEULING A J,TORFS P J,et al.Subjective modeling decisions can significantly impact the simulation of flood and drought events[J].Journal of Hydrology,2019,568:1093-1104.
[2] 章光新,武瑶,吴燕锋,等.湿地生态水文学研究综述[J].水科学进展,2018,29(5):736-749.(ZHANG G X,WU Y,WU Y F,et al.A review of research on wetland ecohydrology[J].Advances in Water Science,2018,29(5):736-749.(in Chinese))
[3] 章光新,张蕾,冯夏清,等.湿地生态水文与水资源管理[M].北京:科学出版社,2014.(ZHANG G X,ZHANG L,FENG X Q,et al.Wetland ecohydrology and water resources management[M].Beijing:Science Press,2014.(in Chinese))
[4] 吴燕锋,章光新.湿地生态水文模型研究综述[J].生态学报,2018,38(7):2588-2598.(WU Y F,ZHANG G X.Review of development,frontiers and prospects of wetlands eco-hydrological models[J].Acta Ecologica Sinca,2018,38(7):2588-2598.(in Chinese))
[5] GOLDEN H E,LANE C R,AMATYA D M,et al.Hydrologic connectivity between geographically isolated wetlands and surface water systems:a review of select modeling methods[J].Environmental Modelling & Software,2014,53:190-206.
[6] 宋文彬,谢先红,徐婷,等.洪河沼泽湿地水文过程模型构建及水文功能分析[J].湿地科学,2014,12(5):544-551.(SONG W B,XIE X H,XU T,et al.Construction of hydrological processes model and analysis of hydrological functions of mash wetlands in Honghe[J].Wetland Science,2014,12(5):544-551.(in Chinese))
[7] FOSSEY M,ROUSSEAU A N,BENSALMA F,et al.Integrating isolated and riparian wetland modules in the PHYSITEL/HYDROTEL modelling platform:model performance and diagnosis[J].Hydrological Processes,2015,29(22):4683- 4702.
[8] EVENSON G R,GOLDEN H E,LANE C R,et al.An improved representation of geographically isolated wetlands in a watershed-scale hydrologic model[J].Hydrological Processes,2016,30(22):4168- 4184.
[9] GOLDEN H E,CREED I F,ALI G,et al.Integrating geographically isolated wetlands into land management decisions[J].Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment,2017,15(6):319-327.
[10] WANG X,YANG W,MELESSE A M.Using hydrologic equivalent wetland concept within SWAT to estimate streamflow in watersheds with numerous wetlands[J].Transactions of the ASABE,2008,51(1):55-72.
[11] LIU Y,YANG W,WANG X.Development of a SWAT extension module to simulate riparian wetland hydrologic processes at a watershed scale[J].Hydrological Processes,2008,22(16):2901-2915.
[12] EVENSON G R,GOLDEN H E,LANE C R,et al.Geographically isolated wetlands and watershed hydrology:a modified model analysis[J].Journal of Hydrology,2015,529:240-256.
[13] EVENSON G R,GOLDEN H E,LANE C R,et al.An improved representation of geographically isolated wetlands in a watershed-scale hydrologic model[J].Hydrological Processes,2016,30(22):4168- 4184.
[14] LEE S,YEO I Y,LANG M W,et al.Assessing the cumulative impacts of geographically isolated wetlands on watershed hydrology using the SWAT model coupled with improved wetland modules[J].Journal of Environmental Management,2018,223:37- 48.
[15] RAHMAN M M,THOMPSON J R,FLOWER R J.An enhanced SWAT wetland module to quantify hydraulic interactions between riparian depressional wetlands,rivers and aquifers[J].Environmental Modelling & Software,2016,84:263-289.
[16] TAHMASEBI NASAB M,SINGH V,CHU X F.SWAT modeling for depression-dominated areas:how do depressions manipulate hydrologic modeling?[J].Water,2017,9(1):58.
[17] 李志威,鲁瀚友,胡旭跃.若尔盖高原典型泥炭湿地水量平衡计算[J].水科学进展,2018,29(5):655- 666.(LI Z W,LU H Y,HU X Y.Numerical simulation of dynamic water budget in a typical peatland of Zoige Plateau based on MODFLOW and field in-situ monitoring[J].Advances in Water Science,2018,29(5):655- 666.(in Chinese))
[18] 徐东霞,章光新,尹雄锐.近50年嫩江流域径流变化及影响因素分析[J].水科学进展,2009,20(3):416- 421.(XU D X,ZHANG G X,YIN X R.Runoff variation and its impacting factor in Nenjiang River during 1956—2006[J].Advances in Water Science,2009,20(3):416- 421.(in Chinese))
[19] 董李勤,章光新.嫩江流域沼泽湿地景观变化及其水文驱动因素分析[J].水科学进展,2013,24(2):177-183.(DONG L Q,ZHANG G X.The dynamic evolvement and hydrological driving factors of marsh in Nenjiang River basin[J].Advances in Water Science,2013,24(2):177-183.(in Chinese))
[20] 牛振国,张海英,王显威,等.1978—2008年中国湿地类型变化[J].科学通报,2012,57(16):1400.(NIU Z G,ZHANG H Y,WANG X W,et al.Mapping wetland changes in China between 1978 and 2008[J].China Sciences Bulletin,2012,57(16):1400.(in Chinese))
[21] NOEL P,ROUSSEAU A N,PANICONI C,et al.An algorithm for delineating and extracting hillslopes and hillslope width functions from gridded elevation data[J].Journal of Hydrologic Engineering,2014,19(2):366-374.
[22] FORTIN J P R,TURCOTTE S,MASSICOTTE R,et al.A distributed watershed model compatible with remote sensing and GIS data:part I:description of the model[J].Journal of Hydrologic Engineering,2001a,6(2):91- 99.
[23] FORTIN J P R,TURCOTTE S,MASSICOTTE R,et al.A distributed watershed model compatible with remote sensing and GIS data:part 2:application to the Chaudière watershed[J].Journal of Hydrologic Engineering,2001b,6(2):100-108.
[24] ALLEN R G,PEREIRA L S,RAES D,et al.Crop Evapotranspiration-Guidelines for computing crop water requirements[R].Rome:FAO,1998.
[25] RANKINE K,KARVONEN T,BUTTERFIELD D.A simple model for predicting soil temperature in snow-covered and seasonally frozen soil:model description and testing[J].Hydrology and Earth System Sciences,2004,8(4):706-716.
[26] TURCOTTE R,FORTIN L,FORTIN V,et al.Operational analysis of the spatial distribution and the temporal evolution of the snowpack water equivalent in southern Québec,Canada[J].Nordic Hydrology,2007,38(3):211-234.
[27] FOSSEY M,ROUSSEAU A N,SAVARY S.Assessment of the impact of spatiotemporal attributes of wetlands on stream flows using a hydrological modelling framework:a theoretical case study of a watershed under temperate climatic conditions[J].Hydrological Processes,2016,30(11):1768-1781.
[28] AMES D P,RAFN E B,VAN KIRK R,et al.Estimation of stream channel geometry in Idaho using GIS-derived watershed characteristics[J].Environmental Modelling & Software,2009,24(3):444- 448.
[29] BOUDA M,ROUSSEAU A N,GUMIERE S J,et al.Implementation of an automatic calibration procedure for HYDROTEL based on prior OAT sensitivity and complementary identifiability analysis[J].Hydrological Processes,2014,28(12):3947-3961.
[30] GUPTA H V,KLING H,YILMAZ K K,et al.Decomposition of the mean squared error and NSE performance criteria:implications for improving hydrological modeling[J].Journal of Hydrology,2009,377:80- 91.
[31] NASH J E,SUTCLIFFE J V.River flow forecasting through conceptual models:part I:a discussion of principles[J].Journal of hydrology,1970,10(3):282-290.
[32] SINGH J,KNAPP H V,DEMISSIE M.Hydrologic modeling of the Iroquois river watershed using HSPF and SWAT[J].Journal of the American Water Resources Association,2004,41(2):343-360.
[33] YAPO P O,GUPTA H V,SOROOSHIAN S.Automatic calibration of conceptual rainfall-runoff models:sensitivity to calibration data[J].Journal of Hydrology,1996,181(1/2/3/4):23- 48.
[34] OIDEN J D,POFFN L.Redundancy and the choice of hydrologic indices for characterizing streamflow regimes[J].River Research and Applications,2003,19(2):101-121.
[35] LEE S,YEO I Y,LANG M W,et al.Assessing the cumulative impacts of geographically isolated wetlands on watershed hydrology using the SWAT model coupled with improved wetland modules[J].Journal of environmental management.2018,223:37- 48.
[36] MELSEN L A,TEULING A J,TORFS P J,et al.Subjective modeling decisions can significantly impact the simulation of flood and drought events[J].Journal of Hydrology,2019,568:1093-1104.