随机订单驱动的集中式和分散式AS/RS建模及仿真
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摘要
为了分析集中式和分散式自动存取系统与订单结构的适配性,在同时满足作业类型随机、订单时间随机和品规随机(作业储位随机)的条件下,通过分析设备运动轨迹、设备运动时间模型、作业时间构成及多作业间的时序关系,为两种系统建立作业时间模型;调整货架结构和订单密度两个参数,借助MATLAB仿真,研究货架结构和订单密度与两系统的适配性;构建作业效率和成本的系统评价多目标模型,并求得非劣解;结果表明,货架列数增加越多,分散式系统的并行作业效益越明显;随着订单密度的降低,分散式系统的并行作业效益也逐渐减弱;在长方形货架、订单密度较高情况下,分散式系统优于集中式系统;当考虑效率和成本双因素评价时,货架列数为100,层数为9层的分散式系统的优势最明显。
To analyze the suitability of centralized and decentralized Automated Storage and Retrieval System(AS/RS)for order structure,through analyzing equipment's operating trajectory,equipment operating time model,operating time structure and temporal relations of operations,the composite operation time model for two systems was constructed.The two parameters that were rack shape and order density were adjusted,and the suitability of these two parameters with two systems was researched with Matlab simulation.The multi-objective system evaluation model for operating efficiency and cost was established,and the non-inferior solution was obtained.The simulation results showed that the benefits of parallel operation of decentralized system would be more obvious when the quantity of shelves increased,and the benefits would be dropped gradually when the order density decreased;when the rack was rectangular and orders density was relative high,the distributed system was better than centralized system.By considering both cost and efficiency,when the number of shelves was 100 and the number of layers was 9,the advantages of the decentralized system were most obvious.
To analyze the suitability of centralized and decentralized Automated Storage and Retrieval System(AS/RS)for order structure,through analyzing equipment's operating trajectory,equipment operating time model,operating time structure and temporal relations of operations,the composite operation time model for two systems was constructed.The two parameters that were rack shape and order density were adjusted,and the suitability of these two parameters with two systems was researched with Matlab simulation.The multi-objective system evaluation model for operating efficiency and cost was established,and the non-inferior solution was obtained.The simulation results showed that the benefits of parallel operation of decentralized system would be more obvious when the quantity of shelves increased,and the benefits would be dropped gradually when the order density decreased;when the rack was rectangular and orders density was relative high,the distributed system was better than centralized system.By considering both cost and efficiency,when the number of shelves was 100 and the number of layers was 9,the advantages of the decentralized system were most obvious.
引文
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[16]DING Jian.A task Assignment method based on fuzzy control of queueing networks[J].Industrial Control Computer,2014,27(7):41-44(in Chinese).[丁健.基于排队网络队列模糊控制的自动小车立体仓库出入库任务的分配方法[J].工业控制计算机,2014,27(7):41-44.]
[17]DENG Aimin,Cai Jia,MAO Lang.Research on slotting optimization in automated warehouse based on time[J].Chinese Journal of Management Science,2013,21(6):107-112(in Chinese).[邓爱民,蔡佳,毛浪.基于时间的自动化立体仓库货位优化模型研究[J].中国管理科学,2013,21(6):107-112.]
[18]JIANG Zengqiang,ZOU Le.Multi-objective flexible job-shop scheduling based on low-carbon strategy[J].Computer Integrated Manufacturing Systems,2015,21(4):1023-1031(in Chinese).[蒋增强,左乐.低碳策略下的多目标柔性作业车间调度[J].计算机集成制造系统,2015,21(4):1023-1031.]
[2]MALMBORG C J.Conceptualizing tools for autonomous vehicle storage and retrievalsystems[J].International Journal of Production Research,2002,40(8):1807-1822.
[3]LI Ming,WU Yaohua,WU Yingying,et al.Items assignment optimization for double picking zones with manual picking system and automated picking system[J].Journal of Mechanical Engineering,2015,51(10):197-204(in Chinese).[李明,吴耀华,吴颖颖,等.人工与自动化双分拣区系统品项分配优化[J].机械工程学报,2015,51(10):197-204.]
[4]LI Ming,WU Yaohua,CHEN Ningning,ZHANG Jian.Slotting optimization of array automated picking device based on item correlations[J].Computer Integrated Manufacturing Systems,2016,22(9):2127-2134(in Chinese).[李明,吴耀华,陈宁宁,张健.串行合流下阵列式自动拣选系统品项分配优化[J].计算机集成制造系统,2016,22(9):2127-2134.]
[5]LIU Peng,ZHOU Chen,WU Yaohua,XU Na.Fluid-based slotting optimization for automated order picking system with multiple dispenser types[J].Chinese Journal of Mechanical Engineering,2011,24(4):529-538.
[6]WANG Yanyan,WU Yaohua,LIU Peng.Sorting task optimization of automatic sorting system[J].Journal of Mechanical Engineering,2011,7(20):10-17(in Chinese).[王艳艳,吴耀华,刘鹏.自动分拣系统分拣作业任务优化[J].机械工程学报,2011,7(20):10-17.]
[7]ZOU Xia,WU Yaohua,ZHAO Mengjie.Modeling and comparative analysis of centralized and decentralized automatic sorting systems[J].Journal of Shenzhen University:Science and Engineering,2015,32(5):515-523(in Chinese).[邹霞,吴耀华,赵梦洁.集中式和分散式自动分拣系统建模及仿真分析[J].深圳大学学报(理工版),2015,32(5):515-523.]
[8]LI Qingsong,PAN Heng,LIANG Tao,et al.Efficiency simulation for electronic mobile rack[J].Journal of Xihua University:Natural Science,2013,32(1):97-100,104(in Chinese).[黎青松,潘恒,梁涛,等.电动移动式货架作业效率仿真分析[J].西华大学学报(自然科学版),2013,32(1):97-100,104.]
[9]MALMBORG C J.Interleaving dynamics in autonomous vehicle storage and retrievalsystems[J].International Journal of Production Research,2003,41(5):1057-1069.
[10]FUKUNARI M,MALMBORG C J.A network queuing approach for evaluation of performance measures in autonomous vechicle storage and retrieval systems[J].European Journal of Operational Research,2009,194(2):343-462.
[11]ZHAO Ning,LUO Lei,ZHANG Saipeng,et al.Tier captive AVS/RS retrieval performance analysis based on orthogonal simulation experiment[J].Computer Integrated Manufacturing System,2016,22(3):754-763(in Chinese).[赵宁,罗磊,张赛朋,等.巡回式自动小车存取系统正交仿真分析[J].计算机集成制造系统,2016,22(3):754-763.]
[12]CAI Anjiang,YING Jiaqi,WANG Jian,et al.Scheduling model of crane in distributed automated warehouse[J].Computer Integrated Manufacturing Systems,2016,22(3):793-799(in Chinese).[蔡安江,应嘉奇,王坚,等.分散式立体仓库堆垛机调度模型[J].计算机集成制造系统,2016,22(3):793-799.]
[13]HUI Guobao,WU Lijuan,FANG Qingguan.Dual-shuttle SRM operation cycle and system through output performance of AS/RS[J].Hoisting and Conveying Machinery,2008,403(9):70-74(in Chinese).[惠国保,吴礼娟,方庆琯.自动化立体仓库双梭堆垛机作业时间及系统吞吐性能[J].起重运输机械,2008,403(9):70-74.]
[14]EKREN B Y,HERAGU S S,KRISHNAMURTHY A,et al.An approximate solution for semi-open queueing network model of an autonomous vehicle storage and retrieval system[J].Transactions on Automation Science and Engineering,2013,10(1):205-215.
[15]LUO Jian,WU Changqing,LI Bo,et al.Modeling and optimization of RGV system based on improved QPSO[J].Computer Integrated Manufacturing Systems,2011,17(2):321-328(in Chinese).[罗键,吴长庆,李波,等.基于改进量子微粒群的轨道导引小车系统建模与优化[J].计算机集成制造系统,2011,17(2):321-328.]
[16]DING Jian.A task Assignment method based on fuzzy control of queueing networks[J].Industrial Control Computer,2014,27(7):41-44(in Chinese).[丁健.基于排队网络队列模糊控制的自动小车立体仓库出入库任务的分配方法[J].工业控制计算机,2014,27(7):41-44.]
[17]DENG Aimin,Cai Jia,MAO Lang.Research on slotting optimization in automated warehouse based on time[J].Chinese Journal of Management Science,2013,21(6):107-112(in Chinese).[邓爱民,蔡佳,毛浪.基于时间的自动化立体仓库货位优化模型研究[J].中国管理科学,2013,21(6):107-112.]
[18]JIANG Zengqiang,ZOU Le.Multi-objective flexible job-shop scheduling based on low-carbon strategy[J].Computer Integrated Manufacturing Systems,2015,21(4):1023-1031(in Chinese).[蒋增强,左乐.低碳策略下的多目标柔性作业车间调度[J].计算机集成制造系统,2015,21(4):1023-1031.]