LCA法在木本生物柴油清洁生产评估方面的应用研究
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摘要
生命周期评价(LCA)作为一种能全程评估产业链和产品环境影响、资源消耗、净能效率的重要方法,近年来得到了越来越多的关注,也开始被用于生物柴油清洁生产领域,能为产业可持续提供决策依据。对木本生物柴油的LCA体系、评估模型与方法、国内外木本生物柴油LCA研究现状进行了综述。结果显示:木本生物柴油在燃烧阶段相比石化柴油具有清洁排放的优点,但整个生命周期的排放未必清洁,主要与我国燃煤发电、化肥和辅料生产排放有关;木本生物柴油产业作为低碳产业,温室效应和能源消耗均低于石化柴油,整个生命周期中以种植和生产阶段的排放和消耗最大并针对性提出改进措施;未来我国木本生物柴油生命周期评价应通过建设产业标准数据库、更多注重不同原料不同工艺的对比评估、兼顾经济性和生态服务功能的评估进一步拓展木本生物柴油研究的深度和广度。
Life cycle assessment( LCA) is considered as an important method for evaluating industrial chain and products environmental effects,resource consumption and net energy ratio. Nowadays,the method has got more and more attention and begins to be used in the field of biodiesel cleaner production for providing decision basis about sustainable development of industrialization. The LCA system of woody biodiesel,evaluation models and methods,related research status at home and abroad were introduced.The results showed that in the combustion phase,woody biodiesel was more cleanly than petroleum diesel,but was not in the all life phases,mainly related to coal-fired power generation emissions,fertilizer and accessories production emissions. As a low-carbon industry,the greenhouse effect and energy consumption of woody biodiesel were lower than that of petroleum diesel,the maximum emission and consumption stage were planting and production stages. For reducing consumption and emissions,the improvement measures were put forward. The further research on LCA of woody biodiesel in China should be broadened through the construction of industrial standard database,comparative evaluation among different raw materials and production processes,evaluation of economic and ecological service functions.
Life cycle assessment( LCA) is considered as an important method for evaluating industrial chain and products environmental effects,resource consumption and net energy ratio. Nowadays,the method has got more and more attention and begins to be used in the field of biodiesel cleaner production for providing decision basis about sustainable development of industrialization. The LCA system of woody biodiesel,evaluation models and methods,related research status at home and abroad were introduced.The results showed that in the combustion phase,woody biodiesel was more cleanly than petroleum diesel,but was not in the all life phases,mainly related to coal-fired power generation emissions,fertilizer and accessories production emissions. As a low-carbon industry,the greenhouse effect and energy consumption of woody biodiesel were lower than that of petroleum diesel,the maximum emission and consumption stage were planting and production stages. For reducing consumption and emissions,the improvement measures were put forward. The further research on LCA of woody biodiesel in China should be broadened through the construction of industrial standard database,comparative evaluation among different raw materials and production processes,evaluation of economic and ecological service functions.
引文
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[16]PLEANJAI S,GHEEWALA S H.Full chain energy analysis of biodiesel production from palm oil in Thailand[J].Appl Energ,2009,86:S209-S214.
[17]ALMEIDA J,MOONEN P,SOTO I,et al.Effect of farming system and yield in the life cycle assessment of Jatropha-based bioenergy in Mali[J].Energ Sust Dev,2014,23:258-265.
[18]ESHTON B,KATIMA J H Y,KITUYI E.Greenhouse gas emissions and energy balances of Jatropha biodiesel as an alternative fuel in Tanzania[J].Biomass Bioenerg,2013,58:95-103.
[19]KUMAR S,SINGH J,NANOTI S M,et al.A comprehensive life cycle assessment(LCA)of Jatropha biodiesel production in India[J].Bioresour Technol,2012,110:723-729.
[20]PORTUGAL-PEREIRA J,NAKATANI J,KURISU K,et al.Life cycle assessment of conventional and optimised Jatropha biodiesel fuels[J].Renew Energ,2016,86:585-593.
[21]ACHTEN W M J,MAES W H,AERTS R,et al.Jatropha:from global hype to local opportunity[J].J Arid Environm,2010,74:164-165.
[22]ACHTEN W M J,AKINNIFESI F K,MAES W H,et al.Jatropha integrated agroforestry systems-biodiesel pathways towards sustainable rural development[M]//Jatropha curcas as a premier biofuel:cost,growing and management.Hauppauge,NY:Nova Science,2010:85-102.
[23]ACHTEN W M J,ALMEIDA J,FOBELETS V,et al.Life cycle assessment of Jatropha biodiesel as transportation fuel in rural India[J].Appl Energ,2010,87:3652-3660.
[24]LU L,JIANG D,FU J Y.Evaluating energy benefit of Pistacia chinensis based biodiesel in China[J].Renew Sust Energ Rev,2014,35:258-264.
[25]OU X M,ZHANG X L,CHANG S Y,et al.Energy consumption and GHG emissions of six biofuel pathways by LCA in(the)People’s Republic of China[J].Appl Energ,2009,86:S197-S208.
[26]LIANG S,XU M,ZHANG T Z.Life cycle assessment of biodiesel production in China[J].Bioresour Technol,2013,129:72-77.
[27]刘婷婷,马忠玉,谢海燕.利用边际土地开发生物质能源研究综述[J].资源与产业,2016,18(1):19-25.
[28]胡志远,谭丕强,楼狄明,等.不同原料制备生物柴油生命周期能耗和排放评价[J].农业工程学报,2006,22(11):141-146.
[2]陈博.基于生命周期评价的锂离子电池材料合成分析与环境性分析[D].北京:北京理工大学,2015.
[3]FERNANDEZ I A P,LIU D H,ZHAO J S.LCA studies comparing alkaline and immobilized enzyme catalyst processes for biodiesel production under Brazilian conditions[J].Resour Conserv Recy,2017,119:117-127.
[4]ROCHA M H,CAPAZ R S,LORA E E S,et al.Life cycle assessment(LCA)for biofuels in Brazilian conditions:a meta-analysis[J].Renew Sust Energ Rev,2014,37:435-459.
[5]SAJID Z,KHAN F,ZHANG Y.Process simulation and life cycle analysis of biodiesel production[J].Renew Energ,2016,85:945-952.
[6]VARANDA M G,PINTO G,MARTINS F.Life cycle analysis of biodiesel production[J].Fuel Process Technol,2011,92:1087-1094.
[7]FERNNDEZ-TIRADO F,PARRA-LPEZ C,ROMERO-GMEZ M.Life cycle assessment of biodiesel in Spain:comparing the environmental sustainability of Spanish production versus Argentinean imports[J].Energ Sust Dev,2016,33:36-52.
[8]JOLLIET O,MARGNI M,CHARLES R,et al.Impact2002+:a new life cycle impact assessment methodology[J].Int J Life Cycle Assess,2003,8:324-330.
[9]张杰,庞博,杨鹏超.公路对环境影响的定量评估[J].长安大学学报(自然科学版),2013,33(1):33-38.
[10]何文运,张俊红.柴油机使用过程绿色度评价方法研究[J].机械设计与制造,2016(12):263-266.
[11]LISKA A J,CASSMAN K G.Towards standardization of life-cycle metrics for biofuels:greenhouse gas emissions mitigation and net energy yield[J].J Biobased Mater Bio,2008,2:187-203.
[12]邢爱华,马捷,张英皓,等.生物柴油全生命周期资源和能源消耗分析[J].过程工程学报,2010,10(2):314-320.
[13]SILALERTRUKSA T,GHEEWALA S H.Environmental sustainability assessment of palm biodiesel production in Thailand[J].Energy,2012,43:306-314.
[14]DELIVAND M K,GNANSOUNOU E.Life cycle environmental impacts of a prospective palm-based biorefinery in ParáState-Brazil[J].Bioresour Technol,2013,150:438-446.
[15]SAWANGKEAW R,TEERAVITUD S,PIUMSOMBOON P,et al.Biofuel production from crude palm oil with supercritical alcohols:comparative LCA studies[J].Bioresour Technol,2012,120:6-12.
[16]PLEANJAI S,GHEEWALA S H.Full chain energy analysis of biodiesel production from palm oil in Thailand[J].Appl Energ,2009,86:S209-S214.
[17]ALMEIDA J,MOONEN P,SOTO I,et al.Effect of farming system and yield in the life cycle assessment of Jatropha-based bioenergy in Mali[J].Energ Sust Dev,2014,23:258-265.
[18]ESHTON B,KATIMA J H Y,KITUYI E.Greenhouse gas emissions and energy balances of Jatropha biodiesel as an alternative fuel in Tanzania[J].Biomass Bioenerg,2013,58:95-103.
[19]KUMAR S,SINGH J,NANOTI S M,et al.A comprehensive life cycle assessment(LCA)of Jatropha biodiesel production in India[J].Bioresour Technol,2012,110:723-729.
[20]PORTUGAL-PEREIRA J,NAKATANI J,KURISU K,et al.Life cycle assessment of conventional and optimised Jatropha biodiesel fuels[J].Renew Energ,2016,86:585-593.
[21]ACHTEN W M J,MAES W H,AERTS R,et al.Jatropha:from global hype to local opportunity[J].J Arid Environm,2010,74:164-165.
[22]ACHTEN W M J,AKINNIFESI F K,MAES W H,et al.Jatropha integrated agroforestry systems-biodiesel pathways towards sustainable rural development[M]//Jatropha curcas as a premier biofuel:cost,growing and management.Hauppauge,NY:Nova Science,2010:85-102.
[23]ACHTEN W M J,ALMEIDA J,FOBELETS V,et al.Life cycle assessment of Jatropha biodiesel as transportation fuel in rural India[J].Appl Energ,2010,87:3652-3660.
[24]LU L,JIANG D,FU J Y.Evaluating energy benefit of Pistacia chinensis based biodiesel in China[J].Renew Sust Energ Rev,2014,35:258-264.
[25]OU X M,ZHANG X L,CHANG S Y,et al.Energy consumption and GHG emissions of six biofuel pathways by LCA in(the)People’s Republic of China[J].Appl Energ,2009,86:S197-S208.
[26]LIANG S,XU M,ZHANG T Z.Life cycle assessment of biodiesel production in China[J].Bioresour Technol,2013,129:72-77.
[27]刘婷婷,马忠玉,谢海燕.利用边际土地开发生物质能源研究综述[J].资源与产业,2016,18(1):19-25.
[28]胡志远,谭丕强,楼狄明,等.不同原料制备生物柴油生命周期能耗和排放评价[J].农业工程学报,2006,22(11):141-146.