棉花长期连作结合秸秆还田对土壤颗粒有机碳及红外光谱特征的影响
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摘要
以新疆玛纳斯河流域长期连作棉田为研究对象,采用傅里叶红外光谱技术(FTIR)分析不同连作年限[0(对照)、5、10、15和20年]棉田土壤红外光谱特征,分析连作结合秸秆还田对土壤有机碳结构和稳定性的影响.结果表明:随连作年限增加,土壤有机质中多糖和芳香族基团相对峰强度下降,脂肪族和醇酚相对峰强度上升,脂肪族-CH/芳香族C=C逐年升高.连作5年土壤颗粒有机碳含量最高,比对照土壤高5.11倍,之后随连作年限增加颗粒有机碳含量逐渐降低;连作10年土壤矿物结合态有机碳含量最高,比对照高1.84倍,连作5年土壤颗粒有机碳与矿物结合态有机碳含量之比(ω(POC)/ω(MOC))最高,之后随连作年限增加开始下降.综上,棉田长期连作结合秸秆还田后土壤有机质结构趋于脂肪化,土壤矿物结合对有机质保护性升高,有机质稳定性升高.
A long-term field experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of continuous cotton production years(0 as control, 5, 10, 15 and 20 years) and straw return on soil organic carbon(SOC) structure and stability by using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FTIR) in Manas River valley of Xinjiang. The results showed that the relative peak intensity of polysaccharide and aromatics decreased with increasing continuous cropping years, whereas the aliphatic and alcoholic phenols relative peak intensity and the CH/C=C increased. The content of soil particulate organic carbon(POC) increased significantly in the 5-yr of cotton production farmland and then decreased with the increases of continuous cropping years. POC content was 5.11 times higher in 5-yr than that of the control. The content of mineral-bound organic carbon(MOC) was the highest in 10-yr farmland, being 1.84 times higher than that of the control. The highest value of the ratio of POC and MOC content(ω(POC)/ω(MOC)) was observed in 5-yr farmland. Together, long-term continuous cotton production with straw return led to SOC structure aliphatic and soil mineral binding increased the protection of organic matter, thus increasing the stability of soil organic matter.
A long-term field experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of continuous cotton production years(0 as control, 5, 10, 15 and 20 years) and straw return on soil organic carbon(SOC) structure and stability by using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FTIR) in Manas River valley of Xinjiang. The results showed that the relative peak intensity of polysaccharide and aromatics decreased with increasing continuous cropping years, whereas the aliphatic and alcoholic phenols relative peak intensity and the CH/C=C increased. The content of soil particulate organic carbon(POC) increased significantly in the 5-yr of cotton production farmland and then decreased with the increases of continuous cropping years. POC content was 5.11 times higher in 5-yr than that of the control. The content of mineral-bound organic carbon(MOC) was the highest in 10-yr farmland, being 1.84 times higher than that of the control. The highest value of the ratio of POC and MOC content(ω(POC)/ω(MOC)) was observed in 5-yr farmland. Together, long-term continuous cotton production with straw return led to SOC structure aliphatic and soil mineral binding increased the protection of organic matter, thus increasing the stability of soil organic matter.
引文
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[2] Dai E-F (戴尔阜), Huang Y (黄宇), Zhao D-S (赵东升). Review on soil carbon sequestration potential in grassland ecosystems. Acta Ecologica Sinica (生态学报), 2015, 35(12): 3908-3918 (in Chinese)
[3] Sun X-T (孙雪婷), Long G-Q (龙光强), Zhang G-H (张广辉), et al. Properties of soil physical-chemistry and activities of soil enzymes in context of continuous cropping obstacles for Panax notoginseng. Ecology and Environmental Sciences (生态环境学报), 2015, 24(3): 409-417 (in Chinese)
[4] Yang Y (杨益), Jiang T (江韬), Wei S-Q (魏世强), et al. Chemical stability of organic matters in typical farmland soil of Chongqing. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation (水土保持学报), 2012, 26(6): 180-184 (in Chinese)
[5] Luo L (罗璐), Zhou P (周萍), Tong C-L (童成立), et al. Study on mechanism of SOM stabilization of paddy soils under long-term fertilizations. Environmental Science (环境科学), 2013, 34(2): 692-697 (in Chinese)
[6] Zhang F-T (张福韬), Qiao Y-F (乔云发), Miao S-J (苗淑杰), et al. Chemical structure characteristics of all fractionations in mollisol organic matter under long-term continuous maize cropping. Scientia Agricultura Sinica (中国农业科学), 2016, 49(10): 1913-1924 (in Chinese)
[7] Liang C, Balser TC. Microbial production of recalcitrant organic matter in global soils: Implications for producti-vity and climate policy. Nature Reviews Microbiology, 2011, 9: 75
[8] Li J, Zhang Q, Li Y, et al. Effects of long-term mowing on the fractions and chemical composition of soil organic matter in a semiarid grassland. Biogeosciences Discussions, 2017, 14: 1-26
[9] Stevenson FJ. Humus chemistry: Genesis, composition, reactions. Soil Science, 1982, 135: 129-130
[10] Schmidt MW, Torn MS, Abiven S, et al. Persistence of soil organic matter as an ecosystem property. Nature, 2011, 478: 49-56
[11] Liu P (刘沛), Zhou W-J (周卫军), Li J (李娟), et al. Infrared spectral characteristics of organic matter in ancient paddy soils in Liyang plain, Hunan, China. Acta Pedologica Sinica (土壤学报), 2016, 53(4): 901-908 (in Chinese)
[12] Xing Z, Di C, Tian K, et al. Application of FTIR-PAS and Raman spectroscopies for the determination of organic matter in farmland soils. Talanta, 2016, 158: 262-269
[13] Yan X, Zhou H, Zhu QH, et al. Carbon sequestration efficiency in paddy soil and upland soil under long-term fertilization in southern China. Soil and Tillage Research, 2013, 130: 42-51
[14] Margenot AJ, Calderón FJ, Bowles TM, et al. Soil organic matter functional group composition in relation to organic carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus fractions in organically managed tomato fields. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 2015, 79: 772
[15] Song G, Novotny EH, Mao JD, et al. Characterization of transformations of maize residues into soil organic matter. Science of the Total Environment, 2017, 579: 1843
[16] Lehmann J, Kleber M. The contentious nature of soil organic matter. Nature, 2015, 528: 60-68
[17] Six J, Conant RT, Paul EA, et al. Stabilization mechanisms of soil organic matter: Implications for C-saturation of soils. Plant and Soil, 2002, 241: 155-176
[18] Cai A-D (蔡岸冬), Xu X-R (徐香茹), Zhang X-B (张旭博), et al. Capacity and characteristics of mine-ral associated soil organic carbon under various land uses. Scientia Agricultura Sinica (中国农业科学), 2014, 47(21): 4291-4299 (in Chinese)
[19] Feng W, Plante AF, Aufdenkampe AK, et al. Soil organic matter stability in organo-mineral complexes as a function of increasing C loading. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 2014, 69: 398-405
[20] Kallenbach CM, Frey SD, Grandy AS. Direct evidence for microbial-derived soil organic matter formation and its ecophysiological controls. Nature Communications, 2016, 7: 13630
[21] Kleber M, Eusterhues K, Keiluweit M, et al. Chapter one-mineral-organic associations: Formation, properties, and relevance in soil environments. Advances in Agronomy, 2015, 130: 1-140
[22] Li J, Wen Y, Li X, et al. Soil labile organic carbon fractions and soil organic carbon stocks as affected by long-term organic and mineral fertilization regimes in the North China Plain. Soil and Tillage Research, 2018, 175: 281-290
[23] Liu L-S (刘立生), Xu M-G (徐明岗), Zhang L (张璐), et al. Evolution characteristics of soil particulate organic carbon in the paddy field with long-term planting green manure. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer (植物营养与肥料学报), 2015, 21(6): 1439-1446 (in Chinese)
[24] Bao S-D (鲍士旦). Soil and Agricultural Chemistry Analysis. Beijing: China Agriculture Press, 2000 (in Chinese)
[25] Sun J-B (孙金兵), Gao F (高菲), Song J-F (宋金凤), et al. Distributions of soil particulate organic carbon and black carbon of two forest types in Changbai Mountain. Forest Research (林业科学研究), 2017, 30(2): 222-231 (in Chinese)
[26] Liang A-Z (梁爱珍), Zhang X-P (张晓平), Yang X-M (杨学明), et al. Dynamics of soil particulate organic carbon and mineral-incorporated organic carbon in black soils in Northeast China. Acta Pedologica Sinica (土壤学报), 2010, 47(1): 153-158 (in Chinese)
[27] Luo L (罗璐). Review on Mechanisms of SOM Stabilization of Paddy Soils in the Subtropical Zone under Long-term Fertilizations. PhD Thesis. Xi’an: Xi’an University of Architecture and Technology, 2013 (in Chinese)
[28] Li T (李婷), Zhao S-W (赵世伟), Li X-X (李晓晓), et al. Characters of soil organic matter functional groups in the fields planted with alfalfa (Medicago sativa) for different years in hilly regions of south Ningxia, Northwest China. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology (应用生态学报), 2012, 23(12): 3266-3272 (in Chinese)
[29] Amir S, Jouraiphy A, Meddich A, et al. Structural study of humic acids during composting of activated sludge-green waste: Elemental analysis, FTIR and 13C NMR. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 2010, 177: 524-529
[30] Beáta E, James B, Machado PLOA, et al. Mid- and near-infrared spectroscopic assessment of soil compositional parameters and structural indices in two Ferralsols. Geoderma, 2006, 136: 245-259
[31] Weng S-P (翁诗甫). Analysis of Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrum. 2nd ed. Beijing: Chemical Industry Press, 2010 (in Chinese)
[32] Chen X, Xu Y, Gao HJ, et al. Biochemical stabilization of soil organic matter in straw-amended, anaerobic and aerobic soils. Science of the Total Environment, 2018, 625: 1065-1073
[33] Yang Y (杨益), Niu D-C (牛得草), Wen H-Y (文海燕), et al. Responses of soil particulate organic carbon and nitrogen along an altitudinal gradient on the Helan Mountain, Inner Mongolia. Acta Prataculturae Sinica (草业学报), 2012, 21(3): 54-60 (in Chinese)
[34] Zhao P-Z (赵鹏志), Chen X-W (陈祥伟), Wang E-H (王恩姮). Responses of accumulation-loss patterns for soil organic carbon and its fractions to tillage and water erosion in black soil area. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology (应用生态学报), 2017, 28(11): 3634-3642 (in Chinese)
[35] Sharma V, Hussain S, Sharma KR. Labile carbon pools and soil organic carbon stocks in the foothill Himalayas under different land use systems. Geoderma, 2014, 232-234: 81-87
[36] Wang L-L (王玲莉), Han X-R (韩晓日), Yang J-F (杨劲峰), et al. Effect of long-term fertilization on organic carbon fractions in a brown soil. Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer Science (植物营养与肥料学报), 2008, 14(1): 79-83 (in Chinese)
[37] Mao J, Fang X, Schmidt-Rohr K, et al. Molecular-scale heterogeneity of humic acid in particle-size fractions of two Iowa soils. Geoderma, 2007, 140: 17-29
[38] Mikha MM, Rice CW. Tillage and manure effects on soil and aggregate-associated carbon and nitrogen. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 2004, 68: 809-816
[39] Zhang J-Y (张敬业), Zhang W-J (张文菊), Xu M-G (徐明岗), et al. Response of soil organic carbon and its particle-size fractions to different long-term fertilization. Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer Science (植物营养与肥料学报), 2012, 18(4): 868-875 (in Chinese)
[40] Wang S-L (王朔林), Wang G-L (王改兰), Zhao X (赵旭), et al. Effect of long-term fertilization on organic carbon fractions and contents of cinnamon soil. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers (植物营养与肥料学报), 2015, 21(1): 104-111 (in Chinese)
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