稀土增强拟南芥根细胞胞吞作用
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摘要
环境中稀土元素(rare earth elements, REEs)可通过启动植物叶胞吞作用进入植物体,而自然条件下,植物与外源REEs接触多发生在根系。因此,以环境中累积量高的REE La(Ⅲ)和模式植物拟南芥为代表,从细胞与分子生物学视角揭示REEs影响根胞吞作用的机制。结果表明:处理12 h, La(Ⅲ)可增强根细胞胞吞作用,且增强作用与La(Ⅲ)剂量有关:高(160μmol·L~(-1))>中(80μmol·L~(-1))>低(30μmol·L~(-1));处理24 h:中(80μmol·L~(-1))>高(160μmol·L~(-1))>低(30μmol·L~(-1))。除160 mnol·L~(-1) La(Ⅲ)处理(24 h),衔接蛋白2 (Adapter protein 2, AP2)基因表达量降低外,其他处理条件下AP2和网格蛋白基因表达量均增加。综上所述, La(Ⅲ)可通过上调AP2网格蛋白基因表达量增强拟南芥根细胞胞吞作用。
Rare earth elements(REEs) in the environment enter the plant cells by initiating the endocytosis of plant leaf cells. But under natural condition, plants are mainly in contact with exogenous REEs via the roots. Here, we selected lanthanum ion [La(Ⅲ)], a REE with high accumulation in the environment, and the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana to characterize effects of REEs on endocytosis in root cells, and revealed effect mechanisms from the perspective of cellular and molecular biology. Results indicated that La(Ⅲ) enhanced the endocytosis of root cells and this enhancement depended on the doses of La(Ⅲ) as follows: high dose(160 μmnol·L~(-1))>middle dose(80 μmnol·L~(-1))>low dose(30 μmnol·L~(-1))(12 h); middle dose(80 μmnol·L~(-1))>high dose(160 μmnol·L~(-1))>low dose(30 μmnol·L~(-1))(24 h). Except that the expression level of genes coding adapter protein 2(AP2) decreased after 160 μmnol·L~(-1) La(Ⅲ) treatment(24 h), the expression levels of genes coding AP2 and clathrin were all increased after other treatments. In summary, La(Ⅲ) enhances endocytosis in root cells of Arabidopsis thaliana via up-regulating the expression level of genes encoding AP2 and clathrin AP2 serves as aptamer.
Rare earth elements(REEs) in the environment enter the plant cells by initiating the endocytosis of plant leaf cells. But under natural condition, plants are mainly in contact with exogenous REEs via the roots. Here, we selected lanthanum ion [La(Ⅲ)], a REE with high accumulation in the environment, and the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana to characterize effects of REEs on endocytosis in root cells, and revealed effect mechanisms from the perspective of cellular and molecular biology. Results indicated that La(Ⅲ) enhanced the endocytosis of root cells and this enhancement depended on the doses of La(Ⅲ) as follows: high dose(160 μmnol·L~(-1))>middle dose(80 μmnol·L~(-1))>low dose(30 μmnol·L~(-1))(12 h); middle dose(80 μmnol·L~(-1))>high dose(160 μmnol·L~(-1))>low dose(30 μmnol·L~(-1))(24 h). Except that the expression level of genes coding adapter protein 2(AP2) decreased after 160 μmnol·L~(-1) La(Ⅲ) treatment(24 h), the expression levels of genes coding AP2 and clathrin were all increased after other treatments. In summary, La(Ⅲ) enhances endocytosis in root cells of Arabidopsis thaliana via up-regulating the expression level of genes encoding AP2 and clathrin AP2 serves as aptamer.
引文
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[7] Liang T, Li K X, Wang L Q. State of rare earth elements in different environmental components in mining areas of China [J]. Environ. Monit. Assess., 2014, 186(3): 1499.
[8] Allison J E, Boutin C, Carpenter D, Ellis D M, Parsons J L. Cerium chloride heptahydrate (CeCl3·7H2O) induces muscle paralysis in the generalist herbivore, Melanoplus sanguinipes (Fabricius) (Orthoptera: Acrididae), fed contaminated plant tissues [J]. Chemosphere, 2015, 120: 674.
[9] Li X F, Chen Z B, Chen Z Q. Distribution and fractionation of rare earth elements in soil-water system and human blood and hair from a mining area in southwest Fujian Province, China [J]. Environ. Earth Sci., 2014, 72(9): 3599.
[10] Wang L H, Li J G, Zhou Q, Yang G M, Li X D, Cai C X, Zhang Z, Wei H Y, Huang X H, Deng X W. Rare earth elements activate endocytosis in plant cells [C]. PNAS, 2014, 111(35): 12936.
[11] Li F L, Shan X Q, Zhang T H, Zhang S Z. Evaluation of plant availability of rare earth elements in soils by chemical fractionation and multiple regression analysis [J]. Environ. Pollut., 1998, 102(2-3): 269.
[12] Holstein S E H. Clathrin and plant endocytosis [J]. Traffic, 2002, 3(9): 614.
[13] Collins B M, Mccoy A J, Kent H M, Evans P R, Owen D J. Molecular architecture and functional model of the endocytic AP2 complex [J]. Cell, 2002, 109(4): 523.
[14] Mcmahon H, Boucrot E. Molecular mechanism and physiological functions of clathrin-mediated endocytosis [J]. Nat.Rev. Mol. Cell Biol., 2011, 12(8): 517.
[15] Rigal A, Doyle S, Robert S. Live cell imaging of FM4-64, a tool for tracing the endocytic pathways in Arabidopsis root cells [J]. Methods Mol. Biol., 2015, 1242: 93.
[16] Xia B X, Sun Z G, Wang L H, Zhou Q, Huang X H. Analysis of the combined effects of lanthanum and acid rain, and their mechanisms, on nitrate reductase transcription in plants [J]. Ecotox. Environ. Safe., 2017, 138: 170.
[17] Yuan L, Du P, Wang K, Yang X G. Uptake of diterbium transferrin, a potential multi-photon-excited microscopy probe, into human leukemia K562 cells via a transferrin-receptor-mediated process [J]. J. Biol. Inorg. Chem., 2009, 14(8): 1243.
[18] Zhang Z Y, Wang Y Q, Li F L, Chai Z F. Determination of rare earth elements in chloroplasts of Brassia napus by INAA and biochemical separation techniques [J]. J. Radioanal. Nucl. Chem., 2001, 247(3): 557.
[19] Li Z J, Zhang Z Y, Jiang W J, Yu M, Zhou Y L, Zhao Y L, Chai Z F. Direct measurement of lanthanum uptake and distribution in internodal cells of Chara [J]. Plant Sci., 2008, 174(5): 496.
[20] Wang L H, Zhou Q, Lu T H, Ding X L, Huang X H. Molecular and cellular mechanism of the effect of La(III) on horseradish peroxidase [J]. J. Biol. Inorg. Chem., 2010, 15(7): 1063.
[21] Wang L H, Zhou Q, Zhao B, Huang X H. Toxic effect of heavy metal terbium ion on cell membrane in horseradish [J]. Chemosphere, 2010, 80(1): 28.
[22] Kitakura S, Vanneste S, Robert S, L?fke C, Teichmann T, Tanaka H, Friml J. Clathrin mediates endocytosis and polar distribution of PIN auxin transporters in Arabidopsis [J]. Plant Cell, 2011, 23(5): 1920.
[23] Jackson L P, Kelly B T, Mccoy A J, Gaffry T, James L C, Collins B M, Honing S, Evans P R, Owen D J. A large-scale conformational change couples membrane recruitment to cargo binding in the AP2 clathrin adaptor complex [J]. Cell, 2010, 141(7): 1220.
[24] Ohno H. Clathrin-associated adaptor protein complexes [J]. J. Cell Sci., 2006, 119(18): 3719.
[2] Pagano G, Guida M, Tommasi F, Oral R. Health effects and toxicity mechanisms of rare earth elements-knowledge gaps and research prospects [J]. Ecotox. Environ. Safe., 2015b, 115: 40.
[3] 张怀伟, 郑鑫遥, 刘洋, 田晓, 李星国. 稀土元素在储氢材料中的应用进展 [J]. 中国稀土学报, 2016, 34(1): 1.Zhang H W, Zheng X Y, Liu Y, Tian X, Li X G. Application and development of rare earth-based hydrogen storage materials [J]. Journal of the Chinese Society of Rare Earths, 2016, 34(1): 1.
[4] 刘荣辉, 黄小卫, 何华强, 庄卫东, 胡运生, 刘元红. 稀土发光材料技术和市场现状及展望 [J]. 中国稀土学报, 2012, 30(3): 265. Liu R H, Huang X W, He H Q, Zhuang W D, Hu Y S, Liu Y H. Prospect and advances of technique and market of rare earth luminescent materials [J]. Journal of the Chinese Society of Rare Earths, 2012, 30(3): 265.
[5] Humphries M. Rare Earth Elements: The Global Supply Chain [C]. Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service, 2010.
[6] Hu Z Y, Haneklaus S, Sparovek G, Schnug E. Rare earth elements in soils [J]. Commun. Soil Sci. Plan., 2006, 37(9-10): 1381.
[7] Liang T, Li K X, Wang L Q. State of rare earth elements in different environmental components in mining areas of China [J]. Environ. Monit. Assess., 2014, 186(3): 1499.
[8] Allison J E, Boutin C, Carpenter D, Ellis D M, Parsons J L. Cerium chloride heptahydrate (CeCl3·7H2O) induces muscle paralysis in the generalist herbivore, Melanoplus sanguinipes (Fabricius) (Orthoptera: Acrididae), fed contaminated plant tissues [J]. Chemosphere, 2015, 120: 674.
[9] Li X F, Chen Z B, Chen Z Q. Distribution and fractionation of rare earth elements in soil-water system and human blood and hair from a mining area in southwest Fujian Province, China [J]. Environ. Earth Sci., 2014, 72(9): 3599.
[10] Wang L H, Li J G, Zhou Q, Yang G M, Li X D, Cai C X, Zhang Z, Wei H Y, Huang X H, Deng X W. Rare earth elements activate endocytosis in plant cells [C]. PNAS, 2014, 111(35): 12936.
[11] Li F L, Shan X Q, Zhang T H, Zhang S Z. Evaluation of plant availability of rare earth elements in soils by chemical fractionation and multiple regression analysis [J]. Environ. Pollut., 1998, 102(2-3): 269.
[12] Holstein S E H. Clathrin and plant endocytosis [J]. Traffic, 2002, 3(9): 614.
[13] Collins B M, Mccoy A J, Kent H M, Evans P R, Owen D J. Molecular architecture and functional model of the endocytic AP2 complex [J]. Cell, 2002, 109(4): 523.
[14] Mcmahon H, Boucrot E. Molecular mechanism and physiological functions of clathrin-mediated endocytosis [J]. Nat.Rev. Mol. Cell Biol., 2011, 12(8): 517.
[15] Rigal A, Doyle S, Robert S. Live cell imaging of FM4-64, a tool for tracing the endocytic pathways in Arabidopsis root cells [J]. Methods Mol. Biol., 2015, 1242: 93.
[16] Xia B X, Sun Z G, Wang L H, Zhou Q, Huang X H. Analysis of the combined effects of lanthanum and acid rain, and their mechanisms, on nitrate reductase transcription in plants [J]. Ecotox. Environ. Safe., 2017, 138: 170.
[17] Yuan L, Du P, Wang K, Yang X G. Uptake of diterbium transferrin, a potential multi-photon-excited microscopy probe, into human leukemia K562 cells via a transferrin-receptor-mediated process [J]. J. Biol. Inorg. Chem., 2009, 14(8): 1243.
[18] Zhang Z Y, Wang Y Q, Li F L, Chai Z F. Determination of rare earth elements in chloroplasts of Brassia napus by INAA and biochemical separation techniques [J]. J. Radioanal. Nucl. Chem., 2001, 247(3): 557.
[19] Li Z J, Zhang Z Y, Jiang W J, Yu M, Zhou Y L, Zhao Y L, Chai Z F. Direct measurement of lanthanum uptake and distribution in internodal cells of Chara [J]. Plant Sci., 2008, 174(5): 496.
[20] Wang L H, Zhou Q, Lu T H, Ding X L, Huang X H. Molecular and cellular mechanism of the effect of La(III) on horseradish peroxidase [J]. J. Biol. Inorg. Chem., 2010, 15(7): 1063.
[21] Wang L H, Zhou Q, Zhao B, Huang X H. Toxic effect of heavy metal terbium ion on cell membrane in horseradish [J]. Chemosphere, 2010, 80(1): 28.
[22] Kitakura S, Vanneste S, Robert S, L?fke C, Teichmann T, Tanaka H, Friml J. Clathrin mediates endocytosis and polar distribution of PIN auxin transporters in Arabidopsis [J]. Plant Cell, 2011, 23(5): 1920.
[23] Jackson L P, Kelly B T, Mccoy A J, Gaffry T, James L C, Collins B M, Honing S, Evans P R, Owen D J. A large-scale conformational change couples membrane recruitment to cargo binding in the AP2 clathrin adaptor complex [J]. Cell, 2010, 141(7): 1220.
[24] Ohno H. Clathrin-associated adaptor protein complexes [J]. J. Cell Sci., 2006, 119(18): 3719.