不同植被覆盖度对紫色土坡面侵蚀过程的影响
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摘要
为研究植被覆盖度对紫色土坡面侵蚀过程的影响,探讨有效控制水土流失的坡面植被临界盖度问题,利用人工模拟降雨试验与室内分析相结合的方法对紫色土坡面侵蚀过程进行分析。结果表明:(1)总体上,紫色土坡面产流量随植被覆盖度的增大而减小,二者之间呈线性负相关,但是植被覆盖度在25%以下,径流量变化不明显,植被覆盖度达75%时,径流量处于较低的稳定值,明显低于植被覆盖度0%,25%,50%;(2)坡面侵蚀泥沙量随植被覆盖度的增加而减少,二者呈二次项相关(R2=0.99),植被覆盖度25%以下对坡面减沙起到重要作用,50%的植被覆盖度是紫色土坡面有效控制水土流失的临界盖度;(3)侵蚀泥沙中以微团聚体(<0.25mm)为主,各级团聚体基本上随着植被覆盖度的增加而呈现减少趋势;(4)通过统计分析,植被覆盖度对产流、产沙量的影响均为极显著(p<0.01)。紫色土坡面植被覆盖度达到50%对涵养水源、保持水土起到至关重要的作用。
The paper analyzed the erosion processes of purple soil slopes using the method of artificially simulated rainfall experiment and lab analysis to study the effects of vegetation coverage on the erosion processes of purple soil slopes,and discussed the critical point problem of slope vegetation cover.The results showed that:(1)As a whole,with the increase of vegetation coverage,the runoff on purple soil slopes decreased.The was a significant negative relationship between the vegetation coverage and the runoff.However,when the vegetation coverage was less than 25%,the changes in runoff were not obvious.When the vegetation coverage reached 75%,the stable value of the runoff was low,being obviously lower than that when the vegetation coverage was 0%,25%,and 50%.(2)Sediment yield decreased rapidly with the increase of vegetation coverage.There was a significant quadratic term correlation between the vegetation coverage and the runoff.When the vegetation coverage was below the critical value of 25%,the vegetation played an important role in decreasing sediment load.A vegetation coverage 50% was the critical coverage for soil erosion control on purple soil slope.(3)Soil microaggregates(<0.25mm)were the main parts in eroded sediment.Basically,all levels of soil aggregates decreased with the increase of vegetation coverage.(4)Through statistical analysis,the vegetation coverage caused an extremely significant effect on runoff and sediment yield(p < 0.01).Moreover,when the vegetation coverage reached 50%,vegetation played a vital role in soil and water conservation,and reduced soil and water erosion on purple soil slopes.
The paper analyzed the erosion processes of purple soil slopes using the method of artificially simulated rainfall experiment and lab analysis to study the effects of vegetation coverage on the erosion processes of purple soil slopes,and discussed the critical point problem of slope vegetation cover.The results showed that:(1)As a whole,with the increase of vegetation coverage,the runoff on purple soil slopes decreased.The was a significant negative relationship between the vegetation coverage and the runoff.However,when the vegetation coverage was less than 25%,the changes in runoff were not obvious.When the vegetation coverage reached 75%,the stable value of the runoff was low,being obviously lower than that when the vegetation coverage was 0%,25%,and 50%.(2)Sediment yield decreased rapidly with the increase of vegetation coverage.There was a significant quadratic term correlation between the vegetation coverage and the runoff.When the vegetation coverage was below the critical value of 25%,the vegetation played an important role in decreasing sediment load.A vegetation coverage 50% was the critical coverage for soil erosion control on purple soil slope.(3)Soil microaggregates(<0.25mm)were the main parts in eroded sediment.Basically,all levels of soil aggregates decreased with the increase of vegetation coverage.(4)Through statistical analysis,the vegetation coverage caused an extremely significant effect on runoff and sediment yield(p < 0.01).Moreover,when the vegetation coverage reached 50%,vegetation played a vital role in soil and water conservation,and reduced soil and water erosion on purple soil slopes.
引文
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[12]马美景,王军光,郭忠录,等.放水冲刷对红壤坡面侵蚀过程及溶质迁移特征的影响[J].土壤学报,2016,53(2):365-374.
[13]陈晓燕,牛青霞,周继,等.人工模拟降雨条件下紫色土陡坡地土壤颗粒分布空间变异特征[J].水土保持学报,2010,24(5):163-168.
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[17]司登宇,张金池,闵俊杰,等.模拟降雨条件下苏南黄壤产流起始时间及影响因素研究[J].干旱区资源与环境,2013,27(5):184-189.
[18]朱冰冰,李占斌,李鹏,等.草本植被覆盖对坡面降雨径流侵蚀影响的试验研究[J].土壤学报,2010,47(3):401-407.
[19]徐宪立,马克明,傅伯杰,等.植被与水土流失关系研究进展[J].生态学报,2006,26(9):3137-3143.
[20]王升,王全九,董文财,等.黄土坡面不同植被覆盖度下产流产沙与养分流失规律[J].水土保持学报,2012,26(4):23-27.
[21]张思毅,梁志权,谢真越,等.植被调控红壤坡面土壤侵蚀机理[J].水土保持学报,2016,30(3):1-5.
[22]代数,蒋光毅,夏清,等.坡度和雨强对重庆市黄壤旱坡地产流产沙特征的影响[J].水土保持学报,2011,25(4):1-5.
[23]张会茹,郑粉莉.不同降雨强度下地面坡度对红壤坡面土壤侵蚀过程的影响[J].水土保持学报,2011,25(3):40-43.
[24]沈海鸥,郑粉莉,温磊磊,等.降雨强度和坡度对细沟形态特征的综合影响[J].农业机械学报,2015,46(7):162-170.
[25]刘纪根,张昕川,李力,等.紫色土坡面植被覆盖度对水土流失影响研究[J].水土保持研究,2015,22(3):16-20,27.
[26]戴矜君,程金花,张洪江,等.植被覆盖下坡面流阻力变化规律[J].水土保持学报,2016,30(2):44-49.
[27]丛月,张洪江,程金花,等.华北土石山区草本植被覆盖度对降雨溅蚀的影响[J].水土保持学报,2013,27(5):59-62.
[28]吴秀芹,蔡运龙,蒙吉军.喀斯特山区土壤侵蚀与土地利用关系研究:以贵州省关岭县石板桥流域为例[J].水土保持研究,2005,12(4):46-48.
[29]刘斌,罗全华,常文哲,等.不同林草植被覆盖度的水土保持效益及适宜植被覆盖度[J].中国水土保持科学,2008,6(6):68-73.
[30]Asadi H,Ghadiri H,Rose C W,et al.An investigation of flow-driven soil erosion processes at low streampowers[J].Journal of Hydrology,2007,342(S1/2):134-142.
[31]Shi Z H,Fang N F,Wu F Z,et al.Soil erosion processes and sediment sorting associated with transport mechanisms on steep slopes[J].Journal of Hydrology,2012,454/455(3):123-130.
[32]刘纪根,张昕川,李力,等.紫色土坡面植被格局对水土流失的影响[J].水土保持学报,2014,28(6):1-6.
[2]朱波,况福虹,高美荣,等.土层厚度对紫色土坡地生产力的影响[J].山地学报,2009,27(6):735-739.
[3]钟壬琳,张平仓.紫色土坡面径流与侵蚀特征模拟试验研究[J].长江科学院院报,2011,28(11):22-27.
[4]张旭昇,薛天柱,马灿,等.雨强和植被覆盖度对典型坡面产流产沙的影响[J].干旱区资源与环境,2012,26(6):66-70.
[5]盛贺伟,蔡强国,孙莉英.黄土质地对坡面侵蚀的影响[J].水土保持学报,2016,30(1):31-35.
[6]陈晓鹏,周蓓蓓,陶汪海,等.变雨强对黄土坡地水土养分流失机制研究[J].水土保持学报,2016,30(4):33-37.
[7]林超文,陈一兵,黄晶晶,等.不同耕作方式和雨强对紫色土养分流失的影响[J].中国农业科学,2007,40(10):2241-2249.
[8]罗春燕,涂仕华,庞良玉,等.降雨强度对紫色土坡耕地养分流失的影响[J].水土保持学报,2009,23(4):24-27.
[9]郑子成,秦凤,李廷轩.不同坡度下紫色土地表微地形变化及其对土壤侵蚀的影响[J].农业工程学报,2015,31(8):168-175.
[10]许海超,李子君,林锦阔,等.燕山土石山区降雨和下垫面条件对坡面侵蚀产沙的影响[J].山地学报,2016,34(1):46-53.
[11]王志伟,陈志成,艾钊,等.不同雨强与坡度对沂蒙山区典型土壤坡面侵蚀产沙的影响[J].水土保持学报,2012,26(6):17-20.
[12]马美景,王军光,郭忠录,等.放水冲刷对红壤坡面侵蚀过程及溶质迁移特征的影响[J].土壤学报,2016,53(2):365-374.
[13]陈晓燕,牛青霞,周继,等.人工模拟降雨条件下紫色土陡坡地土壤颗粒分布空间变异特征[J].水土保持学报,2010,24(5):163-168.
[14]耿晓东,郑粉莉,刘力,等.降雨强度和坡度双因子对紫色土坡面侵蚀产沙的影响[J].泥沙研究,2010(6):50-55.
[15]王玉宽,王勇强,傅斌,等.紫色土坡面降雨侵蚀试验研究[J].山地学报,2006,24(5):597-600.
[16]王秀颖,刘和平,刘宝元.变雨强人工降雨条件下坡长对径流的影响研究[J].水土保持学报,2010,24(6):1-5.
[17]司登宇,张金池,闵俊杰,等.模拟降雨条件下苏南黄壤产流起始时间及影响因素研究[J].干旱区资源与环境,2013,27(5):184-189.
[18]朱冰冰,李占斌,李鹏,等.草本植被覆盖对坡面降雨径流侵蚀影响的试验研究[J].土壤学报,2010,47(3):401-407.
[19]徐宪立,马克明,傅伯杰,等.植被与水土流失关系研究进展[J].生态学报,2006,26(9):3137-3143.
[20]王升,王全九,董文财,等.黄土坡面不同植被覆盖度下产流产沙与养分流失规律[J].水土保持学报,2012,26(4):23-27.
[21]张思毅,梁志权,谢真越,等.植被调控红壤坡面土壤侵蚀机理[J].水土保持学报,2016,30(3):1-5.
[22]代数,蒋光毅,夏清,等.坡度和雨强对重庆市黄壤旱坡地产流产沙特征的影响[J].水土保持学报,2011,25(4):1-5.
[23]张会茹,郑粉莉.不同降雨强度下地面坡度对红壤坡面土壤侵蚀过程的影响[J].水土保持学报,2011,25(3):40-43.
[24]沈海鸥,郑粉莉,温磊磊,等.降雨强度和坡度对细沟形态特征的综合影响[J].农业机械学报,2015,46(7):162-170.
[25]刘纪根,张昕川,李力,等.紫色土坡面植被覆盖度对水土流失影响研究[J].水土保持研究,2015,22(3):16-20,27.
[26]戴矜君,程金花,张洪江,等.植被覆盖下坡面流阻力变化规律[J].水土保持学报,2016,30(2):44-49.
[27]丛月,张洪江,程金花,等.华北土石山区草本植被覆盖度对降雨溅蚀的影响[J].水土保持学报,2013,27(5):59-62.
[28]吴秀芹,蔡运龙,蒙吉军.喀斯特山区土壤侵蚀与土地利用关系研究:以贵州省关岭县石板桥流域为例[J].水土保持研究,2005,12(4):46-48.
[29]刘斌,罗全华,常文哲,等.不同林草植被覆盖度的水土保持效益及适宜植被覆盖度[J].中国水土保持科学,2008,6(6):68-73.
[30]Asadi H,Ghadiri H,Rose C W,et al.An investigation of flow-driven soil erosion processes at low streampowers[J].Journal of Hydrology,2007,342(S1/2):134-142.
[31]Shi Z H,Fang N F,Wu F Z,et al.Soil erosion processes and sediment sorting associated with transport mechanisms on steep slopes[J].Journal of Hydrology,2012,454/455(3):123-130.
[32]刘纪根,张昕川,李力,等.紫色土坡面植被格局对水土流失的影响[J].水土保持学报,2014,28(6):1-6.