深圳冬季边界层大气中污染物垂直分布特征
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摘要
为更好地掌握深圳城区近地边界层大气污染物的性质、来源及大气理化过程,2017年冬季利用深圳市356 m石岩梯度观测塔进行大气主要污染物的垂直观测,获得包括4个高度(60 m/70 m、110 m/120 m、210 m/220 m和325 m/335 m)的污染物浓度垂直分布廓线.分析了不同高度浓度的垂直廓线、相关性和日变化特征,并探讨了风向风速对其的影响.结果表明,SO_2浓度随高度升高先降低再升高,在高空存在明显的区域输送特征;NO_x、PM_(2.5)、PM_(10)浓度随高度升高而下降,70 m高度近地大气中NO_x和PM_(2.5)受局地源影响显著,白天存在由近地大气向上混合扩散的过程,而PM_(10)中的粗粒子部分在整个气层中显现出一个比较稳定的本底值;O_3浓度随高度升高而升高,主要由于夜间高空O_3缺乏NO的滴定反应而具有一个较高的背景值.
In order to further understand properties、sources and physical and chemical processes in urban boundary layer, vertical profiles of atmosphere pollutants were obtained on the 356 m meteorological tower at 4 different heights(including 60/70 m、110/120 m、210/220 m and 325/335 m) in the winter of 2017. The vertical profiles、correlation and diurnal variation characteristics of pollutants at different heights were analyzed, the influence of wind speed was also discussed. The results showed that SO_2 concentration decreased first and then increased from 60 m to 325 m, reflecting the obvious regional emission characteristics of SO_2 at high layer. The concentrations of NO_x、PM_(10) and PM_(2.5) showed a descend trend with altitude increasing. NO_x and PM_(2.5) were affected by local emission at 70 m, whose diurnal variations clearly exhibited the upward mixing process of pollutants from ground in the daytime. Meanwhile the coarse fraction of PM_(10) have a relatively stable background in all layers. O_3 concentration increased with altitude, due to the higher background value of O_3 at night as a result of the lack of NO titration reaction at layer aloft.
In order to further understand properties、sources and physical and chemical processes in urban boundary layer, vertical profiles of atmosphere pollutants were obtained on the 356 m meteorological tower at 4 different heights(including 60/70 m、110/120 m、210/220 m and 325/335 m) in the winter of 2017. The vertical profiles、correlation and diurnal variation characteristics of pollutants at different heights were analyzed, the influence of wind speed was also discussed. The results showed that SO_2 concentration decreased first and then increased from 60 m to 325 m, reflecting the obvious regional emission characteristics of SO_2 at high layer. The concentrations of NO_x、PM_(10) and PM_(2.5) showed a descend trend with altitude increasing. NO_x and PM_(2.5) were affected by local emission at 70 m, whose diurnal variations clearly exhibited the upward mixing process of pollutants from ground in the daytime. Meanwhile the coarse fraction of PM_(10) have a relatively stable background in all layers. O_3 concentration increased with altitude, due to the higher background value of O_3 at night as a result of the lack of NO titration reaction at layer aloft.
引文
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Chen C, Sun Y L, Xu W Q, et al. 2015. Characteristics and sources of submicron aerosols above the urban canopy (260 m) in Beijing, China during 2014 APEC summit[J]. Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics, 15(16):22889-22934
Deng X J, Li F, Li Y H, et al. 2015. Vertical distribution characteristics of PM in the surface layer of Guangzhou[J]. Particuology, 20(3):3-9
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Garland J A, Branson J R. 1976. The mixing height and mass balance of SO2, in the atmosphere above Great Britain[J]. Atmospheric Environment, 10(5):353-362
Glaser K, Vogt U, Baumbach G, et al. 2003. Vertical profiles of O3, NO2, NOx, VOC, and meteorological parameters during the Berlin Ozone Experiment (BERLIOZ) campaign[J]. Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres, 108(D4):171-181
郭斌, 任爱玲, 李良玉,等. 2007. 石家庄秋季可吸入颗粒物的垂直分布特征[J]. 中国科学院大学学报, 24(5):714-719
Li J, Fu Q, Huo J, et al.2015. Tethered balloon-based black carbon profiles within the lower troposphere of Shanghai in the 2013 East China smog[J]. Atmospheric Environment, 123(3/4):327-338
刘文清, 陈臻懿, 刘建国,等. 2016. 我国大气环境立体监测技术及应用[J]. 科学通报, 61(30):3196-3207
Peng Z R, Wang D, Wang Z, et al. 2015. A study of vertical distribution patterns of PM 2.5, concentrations based on ambient monitoring with unmanned aerial vehicles: A case in Hangzhou, China[J]. Atmospheric Environment, 123:357-369
Regener V H.1964. Measurement of atmospheric ozone with the chemiluminescent method[J]. Journal of Geophysical Research, 69(18):3795-3800
Sun Y, Song T, Tang G, et al. 2013.The vertical distribution of PM2.5, and boundary-layer structure during summer haze in Beijing[J]. Atmospheric Environment, 74(2):413-421
Sun Y, Du W, Wang Q, et al. 2015. Real-Time Characterization of Aerosol Particle Composition above the Urban Canopy in Beijing: Insights into the Interactions between the Atmospheric Boundary Layer and Aerosol Chemistry[J]. Environmental Science & Technology, 49(19):11340-11347
王宇骏, 黄祖照, 张金谱,等.2016. 广州城区近地面层大气污染物垂直分布特征[J]. 环境科学研究, 29(6):800-809
Xiao Z M, Wu J H, Han S Q, et al. 2012.Vertical characteristics and source identification of PM10 in Tianjin[J].Journal of Environmental Sciences, 24(1):112-115
Zhang Y F, Xu H, Tian Y Z, et al. 2011. The study on vertical variability of PM10, and the possible sources on a 220 m tower, in Tianjin, China[J]. Atmospheric Environment, 45(34):6133-6140
Zhang Y H, Hu M, Zhong L J, et al. 2008. Regional Integrated Experiments on Air Quality over Pearl River Delta 2004 (PRIDE-PRD2004): Overview[J]. Atmospheric Environment, 42(25):6157-6173