磷石膏对盐碱地改良效果及对玉米的影响
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摘要
通过大田试验,研究了磷石膏改良盐碱地效果及对玉米农艺性状、产量的影响。结果表明,玉米产量以施入磷石膏3 000 kg/hm2处理最高,为10 881.63 kg/hm2,较不施磷石膏处理增产4.96%,但处理间产量差异不显著。施入磷石膏后改善土壤质量的效果显著,可显著增加土壤有机质0.1～7.4 g/kg、速效氮5～26 mg/kg、有效磷1～2 mg/kg、速效钾含量8～32mg/kg。可显著降低耕层pH 0.04～0.46。脱盐效果明显,施入磷石膏3000～4500 kg/hm2的处理,水溶性盐的含量降低到了1 g/kg以下。通过土壤脱盐,释放出了土壤中被固定的各种养分,提高了土壤中有机质、速效氮、有效磷、速效钾的含量,达到改良风沙土盐碱地的目的。
Through field experiment, the effect of phosphogypsum on improving saline-alkali soil and its effect on agronomic characters and yield of corn were studied. The results showed that the yield of corn was the highest with 3 000 kg/hm2 of phosphogypsum, which was 10 081.63 kg/hm2,4.96% higher than that without phosphogypsum,but there was no significant difference between treatments. The application of phosphogypsum can significantly improve soil quality. It can significantly increase soil organic matter 0.1～7.4 g/kg, available nitrogen5～26 mg/kg, available phosphorus 1～2 mg/kg and available potassium 8～32 mg/kg. It can significantly reduce the pH value of plough layer from 0.04 to 0.46. The effect of desalination is obvious. The content of water-soluble salt is reduced to less than 1 g/kg by applying phosphogypsum 3 000～4 500 kg/hm2. Through soil desalination, the fixed nutrients in the soil are released, and the contents of organic matter, available nitrogen,available phosphorus and available potassium in the soil are increased, so as to improve the saline-alkali land of aeolian sandy soil.
Through field experiment, the effect of phosphogypsum on improving saline-alkali soil and its effect on agronomic characters and yield of corn were studied. The results showed that the yield of corn was the highest with 3 000 kg/hm2 of phosphogypsum, which was 10 081.63 kg/hm2,4.96% higher than that without phosphogypsum,but there was no significant difference between treatments. The application of phosphogypsum can significantly improve soil quality. It can significantly increase soil organic matter 0.1～7.4 g/kg, available nitrogen5～26 mg/kg, available phosphorus 1～2 mg/kg and available potassium 8～32 mg/kg. It can significantly reduce the pH value of plough layer from 0.04 to 0.46. The effect of desalination is obvious. The content of water-soluble salt is reduced to less than 1 g/kg by applying phosphogypsum 3 000～4 500 kg/hm2. Through soil desalination, the fixed nutrients in the soil are released, and the contents of organic matter, available nitrogen,available phosphorus and available potassium in the soil are increased, so as to improve the saline-alkali land of aeolian sandy soil.
引文
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[9]王洪达,吴伟芬.磷石膏对农作物的增产效果研究[J].安徽农业科学,1990(4):333-334.
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[11]王玉江,吴涛,吴杰.磷石膏改良盐碱地的研究进展[J].安徽农业科学,2008,36(17):7413-7414.
[12]车顺升,罗三强.磷石膏改良盐碱地土壤化学性质的效果[J].陕西农业科学,2000,24(9):16-18.
[13]李旭霖,刘庆花,柳新伟,等.不同改良剂对滨海盐碱地的改良效果[J].水土保持通报. 2015,35(2):219-224
[14]周成志.磷石膏改良盐碱地对玉米产量影响试验初报[J].农业开发与装备,2016,40(3):62-63.
[15]王成宝,崔云玲,郭天文.磷石膏在作物生产中的利用[J].甘肃农业科技,2008(5):43-46.
[16]姜万礼,王成宝,霍琳,等.改良剂对甘肃引黄灌区新垦盐城荒地的改良效果研究[J].甘肃农业科技,2012(12):17-18.
[2]白来汉,张仕颖,张乃明,等.不同磷石膏添加量与接种菌根对玉米生长及磷、砷、硫吸收的影响[J].环境科学学报,2011,31(11):2485-2492.
[3]王晓岑,李淑芹,许景钢.农业应用磷石膏前景展望[J].中国农学通报,2010,26(4):287-294.
[4] RAFAEL PEREZ-LOPEZ,ANTONIO M. ALVALERO,JOSE MIGUEL NIETO. Changes in mobility of toxic elements during the production of phosphoric acid in the fertilizer industry of Huelva(SW Spain)and environmental impact of Phosphogypsum wastes[J]. Journal of Hazardous Materials,2007,148:745-750.
[5] YANG J,LIU W,ZHANG L,et al. Preparation of load-bearing building materials from autoclaved Phosphogypsum[J]. Construction and Building Materials,2009,23:687-693.
[6] PARREIRA A B, KOBAYASHI JR, SILVESTRE O B. Influence of Portland cement type on unconfined compressive strength and linear expansion of cements tabilized Phosphogypsum[J]. Journal of Environmental Engineering,2003,129:956-960.
[7]张金瑞,李守明.碱化土施用磷石膏增产效果的探讨[J].内蒙古农业科技,1993(5):1-2;17.
[8]石伟勇,范利平.磷石膏系列肥对水稻的增产效应及养分吸收的影响[J].浙江农业大学学报,1994,20(3):259-262.
[9]王洪达,吴伟芬.磷石膏对农作物的增产效果研究[J].安徽农业科学,1990(4):333-334.
[10]王荣华,左宝余.磷石膏农用效果试验技术总结[J].化肥工业,1994,21(3):23-27,51.
[11]王玉江,吴涛,吴杰.磷石膏改良盐碱地的研究进展[J].安徽农业科学,2008,36(17):7413-7414.
[12]车顺升,罗三强.磷石膏改良盐碱地土壤化学性质的效果[J].陕西农业科学,2000,24(9):16-18.
[13]李旭霖,刘庆花,柳新伟,等.不同改良剂对滨海盐碱地的改良效果[J].水土保持通报. 2015,35(2):219-224
[14]周成志.磷石膏改良盐碱地对玉米产量影响试验初报[J].农业开发与装备,2016,40(3):62-63.
[15]王成宝,崔云玲,郭天文.磷石膏在作物生产中的利用[J].甘肃农业科技,2008(5):43-46.
[16]姜万礼,王成宝,霍琳,等.改良剂对甘肃引黄灌区新垦盐城荒地的改良效果研究[J].甘肃农业科技,2012(12):17-18.