不同林龄人工梭梭林对土壤的改良作用
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摘要
为了深入了解不同林龄梭梭林对土壤的改良作用,以不同林龄(3、6、11、16 a)人工梭梭林为研究对象,以自然恢复样地为对照(CK),采用野外取样与室内试验相结合的方法,对各样地不同层间土壤物理性质(土壤密度、土壤总孔隙度、土壤含水量)与化学性质(全盐量、pH值、有机质、速效磷、速效氮、速效钾)进行测定。研究了不同林龄人工梭梭林土壤理化性质分布特征,分析梭梭林龄对土壤的改良效果。结果表明:(1)不同林龄人工梭梭林在>20～40 cm土层对土壤物理性质改良效果优于>0～20 cm和>40～60 cm;(2) 4种林龄梭梭各层间土壤全盐量和pH值均以16 a含量最高,表明梭梭具有聚盐效应;(3)土壤各层养分(有机质、速效氮、速效磷和速效钾)变化量随梭梭林龄增大而增加,且在16 a土壤养分积累量达到最大;(4)根据主成分分析得出,梭梭对土壤改良效果由高到低为16 a、11 a、6 a、3 a、CK。
The combination of field experiment and laboratory test was used to investigate the effect of soil improvement at different stand ages. The soil physical properties( bulk density,Soil total porosity,soil water content) and chemical properties( total salt quantity,pH,organic matter,available phosphorus,hydrolytic nitrogen and potassium) at different depths were analyzed for the artificial forest Haloxylon ammodendron of different stand age( 3-,6-,11-,and 16-year) were studied.The natural recovery plots were used as control. The results showed that:( 1) The improvement of soil physical properties of >20-40 cm soil with different stand ages was better than that of >0-20 cm and >40-60 cm;( 2) The total salt quantity and pH of 16-year H. ammodendron was the highest,which indicated that H. ammodendron had the effect of poly-salt;( 3) With increased stand age,the variation of soil nutrients( organic matter,hydrolytic nitrogen,available phosphorus and potassium) was gradually increasing,and the soil nutrient accumulation of 16-year H. ammodendron reached the maximum;( 4)According to principal component analysis,the soil improvement effect of H. ammodendron from high to low is 16 a、11 a、6 a、3 a、CK.
The combination of field experiment and laboratory test was used to investigate the effect of soil improvement at different stand ages. The soil physical properties( bulk density,Soil total porosity,soil water content) and chemical properties( total salt quantity,pH,organic matter,available phosphorus,hydrolytic nitrogen and potassium) at different depths were analyzed for the artificial forest Haloxylon ammodendron of different stand age( 3-,6-,11-,and 16-year) were studied.The natural recovery plots were used as control. The results showed that:( 1) The improvement of soil physical properties of >20-40 cm soil with different stand ages was better than that of >0-20 cm and >40-60 cm;( 2) The total salt quantity and pH of 16-year H. ammodendron was the highest,which indicated that H. ammodendron had the effect of poly-salt;( 3) With increased stand age,the variation of soil nutrients( organic matter,hydrolytic nitrogen,available phosphorus and potassium) was gradually increasing,and the soil nutrient accumulation of 16-year H. ammodendron reached the maximum;( 4)According to principal component analysis,the soil improvement effect of H. ammodendron from high to low is 16 a、11 a、6 a、3 a、CK.
引文
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[2]苏永中,赵哈林,张铜会,等.科尔沁沙地不同年代小叶锦鸡儿人工林植物群落特征及其土壤特性[J].植物生态学报,2004,28(1):93-100.
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[8]韩桂红,塔西甫拉提·特依拜,买买提沙吾提,等.基于典范对应分析的干旱区春季盐渍化特征研究[J].土壤学报,2012,49(4):681-687.
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[11]蒋文伟,周国模,余树全,等.安吉山地主要森林类型土壤养分状况的研究[J].水土保持学报,2004,18(4):73-76.
[12]任雪,褚贵新,宋日权,等.准噶尔盆地南缘绿洲-荒漠过渡带梭梭“肥岛”效应特征[J].土壤通报,2010,41(1):100-104.
[13]游秀花.马尾松天然林不同演替阶段土壤理化性质的变化[J].森林与环境学报,2005,25(2):121-124.
[14]黄勇,郭玉海.人工梭梭林根系的分布特征[J].草地学报,2009,17(1):84-87.
[15] HE M,DIJKSTRA F A,KE Z,et al. Leaf nitrogen and phosphorus of temperate desert plants in response to climate and soil nutrient availability[J]. Scientific Reports,2014,11(6):1-7.
[16]杨艳凤,周宏飞,徐利岗.古尔班通古特沙漠原生梭梭根区土壤水分变化特征[J].应用生态学报,2011,22(7):1711-1716.
[17]朱雅娟,贾志清.秋季巴丹吉林沙漠东南缘人工梭梭林水分来源[J].林业科学,2012,48(8):1-5.
[18]朱雅娟,贾志清,刘丽颖,等.民勤绿洲外围不同林龄人工梭梭林的土壤水分特征[J].中国沙漠,2011,31(2):442-446.
[19]苏永中,赵哈林,张铜会,等.科尔沁沙地不同年代小叶锦鸡儿人工林植物群落特征及其土壤特性[J].植物生态学报,2004,28(1):93-100.
[20]李君,赵成义,朱宏,等.柽柳(Tamarix spp.)和梭梭(Haloxylon ammodendron)的“肥岛”效应[J].生态学报,2007,27(12):5138-5147.
[21]易秀,谷晓静,侯燕卿,等.陕西省泾惠渠灌区土壤肥力质量综合评价[J].干旱区资源与环境,2011,25(2):132-137.
[22]邵英男,刘延坤,李云红,等.不同林分密度长白落叶松人工林土壤养分特征[J].中南林业科技大学学报,2017,37(9):27-31.
[23]夏静芳.沙棘人工林水土保持功能与植被配置模式研究[D].北京:北京林业大学,2012.
[24]赵哈林,苏永中,张华,等.灌丛对流动沙地土壤特性和草本植物的影响[J].中国沙漠,2007,27(3):385-390.
[25]刘乃君.人工梭梭林对沙地土壤理化性质的影响[J].土壤通报,2008,39(6):1480-1482.
[26] LINDBERG S E,LOVETT G M,RICHTER D D,et al. Atmospheric deposition and canopy interactions of major ions in a forest[J]. Science,1986,231:141-145.
[27]李从娟,雷加强,高培,等.人工防护林作用下风沙土成土过程的研究进展[J].土壤学报,2012,49(6):1227-1234.
[2]苏永中,赵哈林,张铜会,等.科尔沁沙地不同年代小叶锦鸡儿人工林植物群落特征及其土壤特性[J].植物生态学报,2004,28(1):93-100.
[3]邹受益,李吉成.吉兰泰地区梭梭林生境与分布特征研究[J].内蒙古林学院学报,1995,17(2):19-34.
[4]高永,党晓宏,虞毅,等.乌兰布和沙漠东南缘白沙蒿(Artemisia sphaerocphala)灌丛沙堆形态特征与固沙能力[J].中国沙漠,2015,35(1):1-7.
[5]宋国慧.沙漠湖盆区地下水生态系统及植被生态演替机制研究[D].西安:长安大学,2012.
[6]许皓,李彦,邹婷,等.梭梭(Haloxylon ammodendron)生理与个体用水策略对降水改变的响应[J].生态学报,2007,27(12):5019-5028.
[7]邱开阳,谢应忠,许冬梅,等.毛乌素沙地南缘沙漠化临界区域土壤水分和植被空间格局[J].生态学报,2011,31(10):2697-2707.
[8]韩桂红,塔西甫拉提·特依拜,买买提沙吾提,等.基于典范对应分析的干旱区春季盐渍化特征研究[J].土壤学报,2012,49(4):681-687.
[9]高砚芳,段增强,郇恒福.宜兴市温室土壤理化性质的调查和分析[J].土壤,2007,39(6):968-972.
[10]陈苗苗,刘桂民,刘德玺,等.不同人工林对黄河三角洲滨海盐碱地土壤理化性质的影响[J].水土保持研究,2017,24(6):41-44.
[11]蒋文伟,周国模,余树全,等.安吉山地主要森林类型土壤养分状况的研究[J].水土保持学报,2004,18(4):73-76.
[12]任雪,褚贵新,宋日权,等.准噶尔盆地南缘绿洲-荒漠过渡带梭梭“肥岛”效应特征[J].土壤通报,2010,41(1):100-104.
[13]游秀花.马尾松天然林不同演替阶段土壤理化性质的变化[J].森林与环境学报,2005,25(2):121-124.
[14]黄勇,郭玉海.人工梭梭林根系的分布特征[J].草地学报,2009,17(1):84-87.
[15] HE M,DIJKSTRA F A,KE Z,et al. Leaf nitrogen and phosphorus of temperate desert plants in response to climate and soil nutrient availability[J]. Scientific Reports,2014,11(6):1-7.
[16]杨艳凤,周宏飞,徐利岗.古尔班通古特沙漠原生梭梭根区土壤水分变化特征[J].应用生态学报,2011,22(7):1711-1716.
[17]朱雅娟,贾志清.秋季巴丹吉林沙漠东南缘人工梭梭林水分来源[J].林业科学,2012,48(8):1-5.
[18]朱雅娟,贾志清,刘丽颖,等.民勤绿洲外围不同林龄人工梭梭林的土壤水分特征[J].中国沙漠,2011,31(2):442-446.
[19]苏永中,赵哈林,张铜会,等.科尔沁沙地不同年代小叶锦鸡儿人工林植物群落特征及其土壤特性[J].植物生态学报,2004,28(1):93-100.
[20]李君,赵成义,朱宏,等.柽柳(Tamarix spp.)和梭梭(Haloxylon ammodendron)的“肥岛”效应[J].生态学报,2007,27(12):5138-5147.
[21]易秀,谷晓静,侯燕卿,等.陕西省泾惠渠灌区土壤肥力质量综合评价[J].干旱区资源与环境,2011,25(2):132-137.
[22]邵英男,刘延坤,李云红,等.不同林分密度长白落叶松人工林土壤养分特征[J].中南林业科技大学学报,2017,37(9):27-31.
[23]夏静芳.沙棘人工林水土保持功能与植被配置模式研究[D].北京:北京林业大学,2012.
[24]赵哈林,苏永中,张华,等.灌丛对流动沙地土壤特性和草本植物的影响[J].中国沙漠,2007,27(3):385-390.
[25]刘乃君.人工梭梭林对沙地土壤理化性质的影响[J].土壤通报,2008,39(6):1480-1482.
[26] LINDBERG S E,LOVETT G M,RICHTER D D,et al. Atmospheric deposition and canopy interactions of major ions in a forest[J]. Science,1986,231:141-145.
[27]李从娟,雷加强,高培,等.人工防护林作用下风沙土成土过程的研究进展[J].土壤学报,2012,49(6):1227-1234.