不同种植密度和生育期对鲜食型甘薯皖薯5号产量及干物质积累的影响
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摘要
【目的】探讨不同种植密度和生育期对皖薯5号产量及干物质积累的影响,为鲜食型甘薯在安徽的高效栽培提供参考依据。【方法】2017年以鲜食型甘薯品种皖薯5号为试验材料,采用双因素随机区组设计,设3种不同种植密度(5.25万、6.75万和8.25万株/ha)和3种不同生育期(90、110和130 d)处理,分析不同处理下的甘薯鲜薯产量、薯块干物率、薯干产量、淀粉产量及商品薯率等产量和品质指标。【结果】种植密度和生育期对皖薯5号鲜薯产量、薯干产量、淀粉产量及干物率均有明显影响。低种植密度下(5.25万株/ha)的鲜薯产量、薯干产量和淀粉产量随生育期延长而极显著增加(P<0.01,下同);中等种植密度下(6.75万株/ha)的鲜薯产量、薯干产量、淀粉产量及干物率在早期随生育期延长而极显著增加,后期增加则不显著(P>0.05,下同);高种植密度下(8.25万株/ha),鲜薯产量随生育期延长无明显增加趋势,而薯干产量、淀粉产量及干物率在早期随生育期延长极显著增加,后期增加不显著。生育期为111和130 d时,皖薯5号的商品薯率在中等种植密度条件下最高,在高种植密度条件下最低。【结论】在一定范围内提高种植密度和延长生育期能提高甘薯产量,但过度提高种植密度和延长生育期并不利于提高甘薯产量。皖薯5号在种植密度为5.25万株/ha、生育期130 d条件下可获得最高产量;在种植密度为6.75万株/ha、生育期110 d时可接近最高产量并获得最高的商品薯率,此条件下有利于鲜薯提早上市,延长销售周期,获得更高的综合经济效益。
【Objective】The effects of different planting densities and growth stages on the yield and dry matter accumulation of Wanshu No.5 were explored to provide references for high efficient cultivation of tables weet potato varieties in Anhui.【Method】In this study,the table sweet potato variety Wanshu No.5 was used as experimental materials,and twofactor randomized block design was used to analyze the effects of different planting densities(52500,67500 and 82500 plant/ha)and growth stages(90,110 and 130 d)on fresh sweet potato yield,dry matter rate of sweet potato tuber,dry sweet potato yield,starch content and commodity rate in 2017.【Result】Planting density and growth stage had obvious effects on fresh sweet potato yield,dry sweet potato yield,starch content and dry matter rate of sweet potato tuber. Under low density cultivation condition(52500 plant/ha),fresh sweet potato yield,dry sweet potato yield and starch content extremely increased by the prolonging of growth period(P<0.01,the same below). Under medium density cultivation condition(67500 plant/ha),fresh sweet potato yield,dry sweet potato yield,starch content and dry matter rate of sweet potato tuber extremely increased in the early growth period,but they did not significantly increase in the late growth period(P>0.05,the same below). Under high density cultivation condition(82500 plant/ha),the yield of fresh sweet potato did not greatly increased by the prolonging of growth period,but dry sweet potato yield,starch content and dry matter rate of sweet potato tuber extremely increased only at the early growth period,and the increase at late growth period was not significant. The commodity rate of Wanshu No.5 was the highest under medium density cultivation condition and the lowest under high density cultivation condition in the growth stage of 110 and 130 d respectively.【Conclusion】The yield of sweet potato is increased by improving the planting density and extending the growth stage within a certain range. But excessive increase of planting density and growth stage is not beneficial to the yield improvement. The highest yield of Wanshu No.5 is achieved under the planting density of 52500 plant/ha and the growth stage of 130 d. It is worth mentioning that high level of yield of fresh sweet potato and the highest commodity ratecan be gained under the planting density of67500 plant/ha and the growth stage of 110 d. Under such condition,the fresh sweet potato can go on the market early,extend sales cycle and achieve high comprehensive economic benefits.
【Objective】The effects of different planting densities and growth stages on the yield and dry matter accumulation of Wanshu No.5 were explored to provide references for high efficient cultivation of tables weet potato varieties in Anhui.【Method】In this study,the table sweet potato variety Wanshu No.5 was used as experimental materials,and twofactor randomized block design was used to analyze the effects of different planting densities(52500,67500 and 82500 plant/ha)and growth stages(90,110 and 130 d)on fresh sweet potato yield,dry matter rate of sweet potato tuber,dry sweet potato yield,starch content and commodity rate in 2017.【Result】Planting density and growth stage had obvious effects on fresh sweet potato yield,dry sweet potato yield,starch content and dry matter rate of sweet potato tuber. Under low density cultivation condition(52500 plant/ha),fresh sweet potato yield,dry sweet potato yield and starch content extremely increased by the prolonging of growth period(P<0.01,the same below). Under medium density cultivation condition(67500 plant/ha),fresh sweet potato yield,dry sweet potato yield,starch content and dry matter rate of sweet potato tuber extremely increased in the early growth period,but they did not significantly increase in the late growth period(P>0.05,the same below). Under high density cultivation condition(82500 plant/ha),the yield of fresh sweet potato did not greatly increased by the prolonging of growth period,but dry sweet potato yield,starch content and dry matter rate of sweet potato tuber extremely increased only at the early growth period,and the increase at late growth period was not significant. The commodity rate of Wanshu No.5 was the highest under medium density cultivation condition and the lowest under high density cultivation condition in the growth stage of 110 and 130 d respectively.【Conclusion】The yield of sweet potato is increased by improving the planting density and extending the growth stage within a certain range. But excessive increase of planting density and growth stage is not beneficial to the yield improvement. The highest yield of Wanshu No.5 is achieved under the planting density of 52500 plant/ha and the growth stage of 130 d. It is worth mentioning that high level of yield of fresh sweet potato and the highest commodity ratecan be gained under the planting density of67500 plant/ha and the growth stage of 110 d. Under such condition,the fresh sweet potato can go on the market early,extend sales cycle and achieve high comprehensive economic benefits.
引文
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林子龙.2015.种植密度与钾肥对甘薯新品种龙薯14号产量的影响[J].南方农业学报,46(6):1002-1006.[Lin Z L.2015.Effects of planting density and potassium fertilizing on yield of new sweet potato variety Longshu 14[J].Journal of Southern Agriculture,46(6):1002-1006.]
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屈会娟,沈学善,黄钢,李明,张聪,阎文昭.2015.套作条件下种植密度对紫色甘薯干物质生产的影响[J].中国农学通报,31(12):127-132.[Qu H J,Shen X S,Huang G,Li M,Zhang C,Yan W Z.2015.Effects of planting density on dry matter production of purple sweet potato under intercropping pattern of maize and sweet potato[J].Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin,31(12):127-132.].
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许海良,赵会杰,蒲文宣,张锦韬,易克,汪耀富.2017.种植密度对烟草冠层辐射和群体光合作用的影响[J].福建农业学报,32(3):253-257.[Xu H L,Zhao H J,Pu W X,Zhang J T,Yi K,Wang Y F.2017.Effect of planting density on light transmittance and canopy photosynthesis of flue-cured tobacco plants[J].Fujian Journal of Agricultural Sciences,32(3):253-257.]
张晓艳,王丽丽,刘淑云,封文杰,王风云,朱建华.2011.不同基因型甘薯品种产量及营养成分的动态变化[J].山东农业科学,(1):24-28.[Zhang X Y,Wang L L,Liu S Y,Feng W J,Wang F Y,Zhu J H.2011.Dynamic changes of yield and nutritional components of different genotypical sweet potato varieties[J].Shandong Agricultural Sciences,(1):24-28.]
赵丰玲,郑建利,刘桂玲,田昌庚,刘中良,孙哲.2014.种植密度和收获时期对微型甘薯产量及商品率的影响[J].中国农学通报,30(6):229-232.[Zhao F L,Zheng J L,Liu G L,Tian C G,Liu Z L,Sun Z.2014.Effect of plant spacing and harvest time on yield and commodity rate of mini-sweet potato[J].Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin,30(6):229-232.]
Zhang H Y,Xie B T,Wang B Q,Wang Q M,Dong S X,Li AX,Hou F Y,Duan W X,Zhang L M.2015.Effects of planting density on yield and source-sink characteristics of sweet potato[Ipomoea batatas(L.)Lam][J].Agricultural Science&Technology,16(8):1628-1633.
杜祥备,秦军红,刘小平,夏家平,韩杨.2018.安徽省甘薯生产现状及发展分析[J].中国农学通报,34(18):23-28.[Du X B,Qin J H,Liu X P,Xia J P,Han Y.2018.Production situation and development of sweet potato in Anhui[J].Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin,34(18):23-28.]
后猛,张允刚,刘亚菊,王欣,唐维,闫会,马代夫,李强.2015.桔红肉甘薯块根膨大期主要营养成分的变化动态及其相互关系[J].江西农业学报,27(2):22-25.[Hou M,Zhang Y G,Liu Y J,Wang X,Tang W,Yan H,Ma D F,Li Q.2015.Variation dynamics and mutual relationships of contents of main nutrients in expanding tubers of orangeflesh sweet potato[J].Acta Agriculturae Jiangxi,27(2):22-25.]
侯月,王冲,王鹏文.2016.种植密度对玉米产量和相关生理特性影响的研究[J].天津农学院学报,23(1):19-23.[Hou Y,Wang C,Wang P W.2016.Study on effect of plant density on related photosynthetic characteristics of maize[J].Journal of Tianjin Agricultural University,23(1):19-23.]
胡启国,储凤丽,王文静,刘亚军,杨爱梅.2018.栽插方式和栽插密度对甘薯产量形成及结薯习性的影响[J].山西农业科学,46(5):763-766.[Hu Q G,Chu F L,Wang WJ,Liu Y J,Yang A M.2018.Effects of planting methods and planting density on yield formation and tuber habit of sweet potato[J].Journal of Shanxi Agricultural Sciences,46(5):763-766.]
贾赵东,马佩勇,郭小丁,谢一芝.2011.不同肥密条件处理对甘薯产量与干物质积累的影响[J].华北农学报,26(S):121-125.[Jia Z D,Ma P Y,Guo X D,Xie Y Z.2011.Effect of different amounts of N,P,K and plant density on yield and dry mass accumulation[J].Acta Agriculturae Boreali-Sinica,26(S):121-125.]
李臣,薛冠炜,黄静艳,王宁东,陆国权.2017.生育期对鲜食甘薯品种“心香”营养成分及产品加工特性的影响[J].浙江农业学报,29(12):1957-1962.[Li C,Xue G W,Huang J Y,Wang N D,Lu G Q.2017.Effects of different growth stages on nutritional components and processing characteristics of sweet potato cultivar Xinxiang[J].Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis,29(12):1957-1962.]
林子龙.2015.种植密度与钾肥对甘薯新品种龙薯14号产量的影响[J].南方农业学报,46(6):1002-1006.[Lin Z L.2015.Effects of planting density and potassium fertilizing on yield of new sweet potato variety Longshu 14[J].Journal of Southern Agriculture,46(6):1002-1006.]
刘倩,侯松,刘庆,李欢,史衍玺.2017.移栽时期对食用型甘薯品种烟薯25号产量和品质的影响[J].作物杂志,(5):136-141.[Liu Q,Hou S,Liu Q,Li H,Shi Y X.2017.Effects of transplanting date on yield and quality of edible sweetpotato cv.Yanshu No.25[J].Crops,(5):136-141.]
屈会娟,沈学善,黄钢,李明,张聪,阎文昭.2015.套作条件下种植密度对紫色甘薯干物质生产的影响[J].中国农学通报,31(12):127-132.[Qu H J,Shen X S,Huang G,Li M,Zhang C,Yan W Z.2015.Effects of planting density on dry matter production of purple sweet potato under intercropping pattern of maize and sweet potato[J].Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin,31(12):127-132.].
王罡.2010.脱毒甘薯梅营一号密度试验研究[J].陕西农业科学,56(5):25-27.[Wang G.2010.Experimental study of density of virus-free sweet potato Meiying 1[J].Shannxi Journal of Agricultural Sciences,56(5):25-27.]
王晖,李丽淑,何新民,唐洲萍,何虎翼,何海旺,谭冠宁.2013.不同栽插密度及施肥量对京薯6号产量的影响[J].南方农业学报,44(10):1677-1680.[Wang H,Li LS,He X M,Tang Z P,He H Y,He H W,Tan G N.2013.Effects of different planting density and fertilizer rate on yield of purple sweetpotato Jingshu No.6[J].Journal of Southern Agriculture,44(10):1677-1680.]
解晓红,解红娥,王凌云,李江辉,贾峥嵘,吴宇浩,王萌,武宗信.2018.黄土旱塬区扦插密度对不同蔓型甘薯品种生长和产量的影响[J].山西农业科学,46(7):1147-1151.[Xie X H,Xie H E,Wang L Y,Li J H,Jia Z R,Wu Y H,Wang M,Wu Z X.2018.Effects of transplanting density on plant growth and yield of different tendril types in sweet potato in rainfed loess[J].Journal of Shanxi Agricultural Sciences,46(7):1147-1151.]
许海良,赵会杰,蒲文宣,张锦韬,易克,汪耀富.2017.种植密度对烟草冠层辐射和群体光合作用的影响[J].福建农业学报,32(3):253-257.[Xu H L,Zhao H J,Pu W X,Zhang J T,Yi K,Wang Y F.2017.Effect of planting density on light transmittance and canopy photosynthesis of flue-cured tobacco plants[J].Fujian Journal of Agricultural Sciences,32(3):253-257.]
张晓艳,王丽丽,刘淑云,封文杰,王风云,朱建华.2011.不同基因型甘薯品种产量及营养成分的动态变化[J].山东农业科学,(1):24-28.[Zhang X Y,Wang L L,Liu S Y,Feng W J,Wang F Y,Zhu J H.2011.Dynamic changes of yield and nutritional components of different genotypical sweet potato varieties[J].Shandong Agricultural Sciences,(1):24-28.]
赵丰玲,郑建利,刘桂玲,田昌庚,刘中良,孙哲.2014.种植密度和收获时期对微型甘薯产量及商品率的影响[J].中国农学通报,30(6):229-232.[Zhao F L,Zheng J L,Liu G L,Tian C G,Liu Z L,Sun Z.2014.Effect of plant spacing and harvest time on yield and commodity rate of mini-sweet potato[J].Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin,30(6):229-232.]
Zhang H Y,Xie B T,Wang B Q,Wang Q M,Dong S X,Li AX,Hou F Y,Duan W X,Zhang L M.2015.Effects of planting density on yield and source-sink characteristics of sweet potato[Ipomoea batatas(L.)Lam][J].Agricultural Science&Technology,16(8):1628-1633.