陕西东南部碱性岩中含铌矿物特征及其成因机制研究
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摘要
陕西东南部位于扬子板块南秦岭—大别山新元古代—中生代造山带中,经晋宁期、加里东期、印支—燕山期多期构造演化,同时形成了一系列基性—碱中性岩浆岩,并经岩浆期后热液交代,形成了以浅成相—溢流相岩浆岩为主要赋矿岩石的铌钽、稀土、金和铁成矿系列。通过野外调查将碱中性岩划分为碱长正长岩类和闪长岩、碱长正长斑岩、歪长(钠长)粗面岩类、喷出相的粗面质凝灰岩和粗面质角砾熔岩等。野外调查与室内研究确定的碱中性岩交代蚀变作用主要有钠化、钾化、硅化、霓辉石化、黑云母化、绿泥石化、绿帘石化和碳酸盐化等。通过光学显微镜观察和电子探针测试确定的含铌矿物主要是铌铁矿和含钽铌铁矿,其次有黑稀金矿、褐钇铌矿和(铈)钆铌钙钛矿(钛铌钙铈矿)等。综合研究认为,铌钽矿的形成可划分为早期岩石结晶过程和晚期交代蚀变作用2个阶段:早期岩石结晶过程中,Nb、Ta元素以单质形式进入钛辉石中;晚期交代蚀变作用中,钾交代钛辉石,主要蚀变为黑云母、绿泥石、绿帘石、钛铁矿、磁铁矿、铌铁矿、钽铁矿和稀土等。
Southeastern Shaanxi is located in the Neoproterozoic-Mesozoic Qinling-Dabie orogenic belt,the southern Yangtze Craton.Through the Jinning,Caledonian,Indosinian Yanshan period of tectonic evolution,a series of basic rock-alkalic-intermediate rock,the post magmatic hydrothermal metasomatism,and the shallow phase-overflow facies magmatite niobium tantalum,rare earth,gold,iron ore formed.Based on the field investigation,the alkalic-intermediate rocks can be divided into alkali syenite diorite,alkali syenite porphyry,crooked long(albite)trachyte,trachyte tuff,and trachytic breccia lava.Field investigations and laboratory study suggest that the alkalicintermediate rocks are subjected to intensive metasomatic alteration,mainly including sodium,potassium,silicification,aegirine petrochemical,biotitization,epidotization,chloritization and carbonatization.The Nb-bearing minerals comprise niobite,niobite bearing tantalum,euxenite,fergusunite,loparite determined by optical microscope and electron probe.Combined with all the observations,we propose columbium-tantalum mineralization can be divided into two stages:the early rock crystallization process and the late metasomatic alteration.In the stage 1,niobium and tantalum in the simple form into titanium pyroxene.Whilst,the titanium pyroxene was subjected to potassic alteration and the biotite,chlorite,epidote,ilmenite,magnetite,Nb iron ore,tantalum ore,rare-earth minerals formed.
Southeastern Shaanxi is located in the Neoproterozoic-Mesozoic Qinling-Dabie orogenic belt,the southern Yangtze Craton.Through the Jinning,Caledonian,Indosinian Yanshan period of tectonic evolution,a series of basic rock-alkalic-intermediate rock,the post magmatic hydrothermal metasomatism,and the shallow phase-overflow facies magmatite niobium tantalum,rare earth,gold,iron ore formed.Based on the field investigation,the alkalic-intermediate rocks can be divided into alkali syenite diorite,alkali syenite porphyry,crooked long(albite)trachyte,trachyte tuff,and trachytic breccia lava.Field investigations and laboratory study suggest that the alkalicintermediate rocks are subjected to intensive metasomatic alteration,mainly including sodium,potassium,silicification,aegirine petrochemical,biotitization,epidotization,chloritization and carbonatization.The Nb-bearing minerals comprise niobite,niobite bearing tantalum,euxenite,fergusunite,loparite determined by optical microscope and electron probe.Combined with all the observations,we propose columbium-tantalum mineralization can be divided into two stages:the early rock crystallization process and the late metasomatic alteration.In the stage 1,niobium and tantalum in the simple form into titanium pyroxene.Whilst,the titanium pyroxene was subjected to potassic alteration and the biotite,chlorite,epidote,ilmenite,magnetite,Nb iron ore,tantalum ore,rare-earth minerals formed.
引文
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[11]Chen Jinduo,Bao Minwei,Zhang Yingnian.The metallogenic geological characteristics of pegmatite veins and typical tantalum-niobium ore deposit in Lushi County of Henan[J].Conservation and Utilization of Mineral Resources,2014(4):13-17.[陈金铎,包民伟,张迎年.河南卢氏伟晶岩脉及典型钽铌矿床成矿地质特征[J].矿产保护与利用,2014(4):13-17.]
[12]Duan Xianzhe,Shi Hao,Tan Kaixuan.Geology and genesis of the granitic niobium-tantalum-rubidium deposit in Shihuiyao area,Inner Mongolia[J].Geology and Resources,2016,26(1):7-13.[段先哲,时皓,谭凯旋.内蒙古石灰窑花岗岩型铌钽铷矿床地质特征及成因[J].地质与资源,2016,26(1):7-13.]
[2]He Jilin,Wang Xiangdong,Liu Weiguo,et al.Tantalumniobium resource and development of tantalum-niobium industry of China[J].Rare Metals Letters,2005,24(6):1-5.[何季麟,王向东,刘卫国,等.钽铌资源及中国钽铌工业的发展[J]稀有金属快报,2005,24(6):1-5.]
[3]Wang Fenlian,Zhao Taiping,Chen Wei.Advances in study of Nb-Ta ore deposits in Panxi area and tentative discussion on genesis of these ore deposits[J].Mineral Deposits,2012,31(2):293-308.[王汾连,赵太平,陈伟.铌钽矿研究进展和攀西地区铌钽矿成因初探[J].矿床地质,2012,31(2):293-308.]
[4]Deng Shengbo,Wang Weihong,Wang Xianjun.The geological characteristics of the alkali-intermediate rocks and their orebearing(columbotantalite)featuresinthe Ziyang-Langaoareas[J].Geology of Shaanxi,2003,21(2):19-26.[邓盛波,王炜红,汪显均.紫阳-岚皋地区碱中性岩地质特征及其含矿(铌钽)性研究[J].陕西地质,2003,21(2):19-26.]
[5]Wang Panxi,Bao Minwei.General situation and prospecting revelationoftantalum-niobiumraremetaldepositsin China[J].Metal Mine,2015(6):92-98.[王盘喜,包民伟.我国钽铌等稀有金属矿概况及找矿启示[J].金属矿山,2015(6):92-98.]
[6]Yang Shuqing.Body feature and prospecting indicators of Jiaolesayi niobium-tantalum ore in Gansu Province[J].Gansu Science and Technology,2009,25(16):29-30.[杨树清.甘肃省交勒萨依铌钽矿矿体特征及找矿标志[J].甘肃科技,2009,25(16):29-30.]
[7]He Jinling.Ore-forming geological conditions and prospecting potential for Nb-Ta mineral deposits in Panzhihua-Xichang region,Sichuan[J].Acta Geologica Sichuan,24(4):206-211.[贺金良.四川攀西地区铌钽矿床成矿地质条件及找矿前景[J].四川地质学报,2004,24(4):206-211.]
[8]Zhang Jingping,Wang Haigang.Analysis of syenite niobiumtantalum ore characteristics and perspective in Lueyangxian Anlingou region[J].Journal of Xi’an University of Science and Technology,2013,33(6):698-704.[张景平,王海岗.略阳县安林沟地区正长岩型铌钽矿特征及远景分析[J].西安科技大学学报,2013,33(6):698-704.]
[9]Yang Zaichao,Xiao Peixi,Gao Xiaofeng.LA-ICP-MS dating of the aegirine-augite syenite of Yushishan Nb-Ta deposit in eastern altun and its constraints on the metallogenetic age[J].Northwestern Geology,2014,47(4):5-12.[杨再朝,校培喜,高晓峰.阿尔金山东端余石山铌钽矿区霓辉正长岩的LA-ICP-MS定年及对成矿时代的制约[J].西北地质,2014,47(4):5-12.]
[10]Wang Jiangtao.Xinjiang wide Kurtag alkaline syenite rock and niobium tantalum ore metallogenic characteristics[J].West-China Exploration Engineering,2003,15(11):58-61.[王江涛.新疆阔克塔格碱性正长岩体及铌钽矿成矿特征[J].西部探矿工程,2003,15(11):58-61.]
[11]Chen Jinduo,Bao Minwei,Zhang Yingnian.The metallogenic geological characteristics of pegmatite veins and typical tantalum-niobium ore deposit in Lushi County of Henan[J].Conservation and Utilization of Mineral Resources,2014(4):13-17.[陈金铎,包民伟,张迎年.河南卢氏伟晶岩脉及典型钽铌矿床成矿地质特征[J].矿产保护与利用,2014(4):13-17.]
[12]Duan Xianzhe,Shi Hao,Tan Kaixuan.Geology and genesis of the granitic niobium-tantalum-rubidium deposit in Shihuiyao area,Inner Mongolia[J].Geology and Resources,2016,26(1):7-13.[段先哲,时皓,谭凯旋.内蒙古石灰窑花岗岩型铌钽铷矿床地质特征及成因[J].地质与资源,2016,26(1):7-13.]